US3544710A - Method of controlling the operation of a shaft furnace - Google Patents

Method of controlling the operation of a shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3544710A
US3544710A US666869A US3544710DA US3544710A US 3544710 A US3544710 A US 3544710A US 666869 A US666869 A US 666869A US 3544710D A US3544710D A US 3544710DA US 3544710 A US3544710 A US 3544710A
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United States
Prior art keywords
charge
camera
point
numerical
furnace
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Expired - Lifetime
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US666869A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arthur Poos
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/07—Arrangements for adjusting the solid angle of collected radiation, e.g. adjusting or orienting field of view, tracking position or encoding angular position
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G01F23/292—Light, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0044—Furnaces, ovens, kilns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/0275—Control or determination of height or distance or angle information for sensors or receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J2005/0077—Imaging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of controlling the operation of a shaft furnace.
  • Rational operation of a shaft furnace is, as is known, linked with knowledge of the course of the physical or'chemical reactions going on inside the furnace and of any measurable values connected with these reactions.
  • knowledge of the temperature distribution on the upper surface of the furnace charge greatly facilitates the operators task and enables him to have a better command of the working of the said furnace, its yield, safety and regularity of operation.
  • thermocouples in the refractory lining of a shaft furnace in the vicinity of the upper surface of the charge.
  • This method has the disadvantage of being able to provide data only concerning the temperatures existing at a few points on the periphery of the furnace in the neighbourhood of the upper surface of the charge. Thus no indication can be obtained for the completeperipheral zone and still less for the central zone.
  • thermocouple in case of accidental deterioration of a refractory block in which a thermocouple is fitted, the indications provided thereby can only lead to erroneous conclusions, for an increase of temperature indicated by this thermocouple comes not only from an increase of temperature of the gas, but also arises as a result of the deterioration of the refractory lining entailing an effective reduction of the thermal contact between the thermocouple and the atmosphere of which the temperature measurement is required.
  • That method has the disadvantage of being essentially discontinuous.
  • the data obtained by this method is incomplete, the probe is introduced only with difficulty into the furnace and is subject to bending and to breaking owing to the continuous descent of the charge through the furnace.
  • the surface of the charge is observed by means of a television camera, whose signals are displayed on a television screen thereby enabling the operator to follow the course of the charge temperatures with ease,
  • An object of this invention is a method enabling these disadvantages to be eliminated.
  • the operation of a shaft furnace may be monitored by systematic scanning of the upper surface of the charge by means of a television camera sensitive to infrared radiation and to visible light.
  • an infrared or visible light signal emitted by any point on the surface of the charge in the solid angle of observation of the camera is recorded in direction and intensity by the camera.
  • the intensity of the infrared signal received is directly related to the temperature of the emission point and, other things being equal, it can be accepted that on the one hand two points emitting signals of the same intensity are of substantially the same temperature, and on the other hand two identical signals received for a single point at different times correspond to identical temperatures. It follows that if the infrared television camera is coupled to an electronic computer and if each signal received by the camera is transmitted to the computer for measurement, this signal is transformed into a numerical value representing the temperature of the point under consideration.
  • the temperatures of the upper surface of the charge the coordinates of each signal received by the television camera are recorded and transmitted to the, electronic received by the camera and the coordinates of the point emitting the signal; these coordinates corresponding in fact to the number of the sweep lines in which the signal is recorded and to the first sweep line (abscissa) at which the signal is recorded. .
  • These three items easily allow the computer to frame the representative display screen with numerical values.
  • the numerical display mentioned above allows of carrying out a continuous and complete controlling of the distribution of the charge with the passage of time.
  • the average value of the numerical values displayed is determined, preferably continuously, which allows modification of the distribution of the different constituents of the charge to be deposited on the observed surface so as to reduce the difference between the average and the value observed on the numerical display.
  • a well-known way of modifying the distribution consists in feeding more coke onto the regions of lower temperature (that is to say, on those regions which the corresponding zones on the numerical display indicate the values are lower than the average) and more of the ore onto the regions of higher temperature.
  • the method of the present invention is based essentially upon the fact that the upper surface of the charge of a shaft furnace is subjected to the scanning of one or more television cameras, fixed or mobile, sensitive to infrared and visible radiation; that any infrared or visible light signal coming from tion desired.
  • the observed surface of the charge is consideredas consisting of .two or more concentric-areas, each of these areas being in 'turn sub-divided into several sectorsor regions.
  • the display screen relating to the complete surface of the charge, shows the numerical valu'esinthe zones corresponding to each sec- Other methods of nationally sub-dividing adapted more orless specifically to the temperature distribuvalues on the display screen, although each zone of the display screen does correspond tof'a sector, or region, of theupper f surface.
  • the measurements and calculations may be carried out continuously;
  • FIG. 2 shows a screen of a television camera
  • v f F163 is a block diagram of the circuit involved; and I $16. 1 is a diagramof scanning apparatusi'comprising a movabletelevisioneameras the uppersurface" t of the charge can obviously beenvisaged,each method being a V i present invention shows numerous ad-- I vantages with respect to the processesused heretofore, in parthe whole surface ofthe charge;
  • FIG. 2 represents diagrammatically the receiving screen 5 of the television camera. Any point of the-observed surface i is, characterized bytheintensity I of the luminous spot which it causes to appear at 7 on the'screen and by the geometric coordinates Sand 9 of this spot. 7
  • the correspondingblock diagram thusincludes the television camera 3 and a connection 10 transmitting the signal I to an electronic computer 11; two-coordinate devices point 6 and likewise transmitting them to the computer 11 i this point from'a point of reference fixed with. respect tothe 1 camera, which allows the computer to automatically iny troducea. correction, depending on :this distance,of the numerical indications on the display screen and thereby localiz'-. 9
  • the screen 14 is divided up into distinct zones, each of whichdisplays atemperature corresponding-to a sector, or region, of the charge'surface.
  • the determination of the distanceof the emitting point 6 to a line fixed with respect to the camera and passing, for example, through its optical center, can be done in the usual way by means of a conventional optical telemetric arrangement, which can be moved so as to observe-different points on the surface and thereby cover the entirety of the upper surface of the charge.
  • a telemetric device consists of a directional transmitter 21 and a receiver 22 (televisioncamera which also performs the luminous measurement), fixed with respect to one another.
  • Points 26 and 27 are other possible levels of the surface.
  • the receiver 22 records in its image focal plane a trace 29 or 30 or 37, as the case may be, of the radiation reflected by one of thepoints 28, 27 or 26, respectively.
  • the distance between the trace 29, 30 or 31and the trace of the optical center of the-camera in this same focalplane is in direct and i unambiguous relation with the angle formed by the'axis 23 and the line joining the optical center to the point 28, 27 or 26 respectively.
  • a simple trigonometrical relationship allows of the determination of the desired distance, the value'of which is The actual signal emitted by the point observed can be recorded in the usual way by the camera and transmitted to the computer independently of any telemetric measurement, the two measurements, telemetric and luminous, being able,
  • FIG. 1 shows the upper partlofablast furnace, the charge w and orientable and which can observe successively all or part not in the field of observation of th'efirst camera.
  • an orientable camera provided with an observation screen of relatively narrow angular aperture, allows of carrying out .of the observation of the entire surface of the charge by systematic scanning of .each of the national subdivisions above mentioned. There can thus be set up a numerical display representative of the thermal state of the upper surface of the charge by means of the numerical display screen having merical temperature values of all the points within that zone.
  • the general average may be calculated from all the point readings or by taking an average of the zone averages.
  • a method of controlling shaft furnace operation comprising the steps of viewing the upper surface of the charge in the shaft furnace with at least one television camera which is sensitive to infrared and visible light radiation; transmitting the radiation intensity signals received by said camera to an'electronic computer for conversion into temperature representations; transmitting signals to said computer for determining the location on the charge surface of each intensity signal; creating a numerical display ona display screen divided into zones, which numerical display shows a zonal, distribution of numerical values representing the distribution of temperatures on the surface of the charge, each zone of the display screen corresponding to a particular region on said charge surface; calculating the average value of the numerical distribution; comparing the calculated average to the numerical values; and modifying the distribution of the shaft furnace charge material being placed in the furnace so as to reduce any difference between a given numerical value observed and the .calculated average.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 comprising the further steps oftransmitting to said computer, simultaneously with the coordinate signals, further signals representing the distance between the point of origin of each intensity signal on the charge surface and a point of reference fixed with respect to the television camera; and correcting each numerical value displayed on the display screen as a function of viewing distance by said further signals.
  • a method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the charge surface is dividedinto at least two areas, each area in turn is subdivided into several sectors, and the'scanning is carried out by successively scanning each of these sectors; said average value of the numerical distribution is ageneral average representing the average calculated value of the numerical values in each zone.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein if a numerical value is greater than the calculated average, thereby indicating the particular location of the charg'esurface which that numerical value represents is too hot, more ore than coke is distributed on that location in the shaft furnace.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein if a numerical value is less than'the calculated average, thereby indicating the particular location of the charge surfacewhich that numerical value represents is too cold, more coke than ore is'distributed on that location in the shaft furnace.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
US666869A 1966-09-12 1967-09-11 Method of controlling the operation of a shaft furnace Expired - Lifetime US3544710A (en)

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LU51941A LU51941A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-09-12 1966-09-12

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DE (1) DE1583443B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1175567A (enrdf_load_html_response)
LU (1) LU51941A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL6712446A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2369548A1 (fr) * 1976-10-26 1978-05-26 Arbed Procede et installation de mesure du niveau de metal liquide dans une lingotiere
FR2389875A1 (en) * 1977-05-04 1978-12-01 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Surface temp. distribution measuring system at random angles - has programmed control and two dimensional scan via computer
DE2851247A1 (de) * 1977-11-25 1979-06-07 Furukawa Metals Co Metallschmelzen-fuellstandsmessystem
FR2454603A1 (fr) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-14 Aga Ab Procede et dispositif pour enregistrer une topographie
US4315771A (en) * 1979-01-31 1982-02-16 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Process to continuously determine the profile of a charge fed into a blast furnace
FR2516786A1 (fr) * 1981-11-20 1983-05-27 Krupp Gmbh Dispositif de surveillance des processus de fusion dans la technique dentaire
US4463437A (en) * 1981-04-27 1984-07-31 Bethlehem Steel Corp. Furnace burden thermographic method and apparatus
US4520390A (en) * 1982-08-25 1985-05-28 Forney Engineering Company Burner monitoring system
US4539588A (en) * 1983-02-22 1985-09-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases
WO1986004475A1 (en) * 1983-02-22 1986-07-31 Weyerhaeuser Company Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases
US4759033A (en) * 1987-07-01 1988-07-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Temperature measurement of hot mineral product by induced fluorescence
US4821219A (en) * 1985-07-30 1989-04-11 Veb Messgeraetewerk "Erich Weinert" Magdeburg, Betrieb Des Kombinates Method for the contactless measuring of temperature with a multi-channel pyrometer
USRE33857E (en) * 1983-02-22 1992-03-24 Weyerhaeuser Company Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases
US5109277A (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-04-28 Quadtek, Inc. System for generating temperature images with corresponding absolute temperature values
US5219226A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-06-15 Quadtek, Inc. Imaging and temperature monitoring system
US5615953A (en) * 1994-07-25 1997-04-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Boiler bank surface temperature profiler
US5788374A (en) * 1996-06-12 1998-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of a liquid medium
US20140333752A1 (en) * 2011-10-11 2014-11-13 Zhengkai Gao System and method for on-line measuring a burden surface in a blast furnace
US9939307B2 (en) * 2016-01-09 2018-04-10 David R. Hall Optical proximity sensor based toilet with fill tube proximity level sensing
WO2019245733A1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 Rosemount Inc. Level and surface temperature gauge
CN113609936A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-05 武汉钢铁有限公司 高炉上部炉料径向下降速度分布的确定方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178151A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-12-11 Midrex Corporation Apparatus for monitoring the feeding of particulate materials to a packed bed furnace
BE872578A (fr) * 1978-12-06 1979-03-30 Centre Rech Metallurgique Dispositif pour controler la surface de la charge d'un four a cuve
DE3236215C2 (de) * 1982-03-13 1986-10-30 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren zur Erfassung des Betriebszustands rotierender Drehtrommeln zur Durchführung thermischer Prozesse und Vorrichtung zur berührungslosen Messung der Oberflächentemperatur flächenhafter, insbesondere sich bewegender Meßobjekte, z.B. rotierender Drehtrommeln wie Drehrohröfen
DE102008064142A1 (de) 2008-12-19 2010-07-01 Z & J Technologies Gmbh Messvorrichtung und Messverfahren für einen Hochofen, Hochofen mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung und Schwenkvorrichtung für wenigstens eine Messsonde
CN104374478B (zh) * 2014-11-20 2018-08-03 广东石油化工学院 裂解炉炉管外壁与炉膛内壁的温度甄别方法及测量装置
GB201620863D0 (en) 2016-12-08 2017-01-25 Land Instr Int Ltd Control system for furnace

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE644883A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1964-03-06 1964-07-01

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2369548A1 (fr) * 1976-10-26 1978-05-26 Arbed Procede et installation de mesure du niveau de metal liquide dans une lingotiere
FR2389875A1 (en) * 1977-05-04 1978-12-01 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Surface temp. distribution measuring system at random angles - has programmed control and two dimensional scan via computer
DE2851247A1 (de) * 1977-11-25 1979-06-07 Furukawa Metals Co Metallschmelzen-fuellstandsmessystem
US4315771A (en) * 1979-01-31 1982-02-16 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Process to continuously determine the profile of a charge fed into a blast furnace
FR2454603A1 (fr) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-14 Aga Ab Procede et dispositif pour enregistrer une topographie
US4463437A (en) * 1981-04-27 1984-07-31 Bethlehem Steel Corp. Furnace burden thermographic method and apparatus
FR2516786A1 (fr) * 1981-11-20 1983-05-27 Krupp Gmbh Dispositif de surveillance des processus de fusion dans la technique dentaire
US4520390A (en) * 1982-08-25 1985-05-28 Forney Engineering Company Burner monitoring system
US4539588A (en) * 1983-02-22 1985-09-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases
WO1986004475A1 (en) * 1983-02-22 1986-07-31 Weyerhaeuser Company Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases
USRE33857E (en) * 1983-02-22 1992-03-24 Weyerhaeuser Company Imaging of hot infrared emitting surfaces obscured by particulate fume and hot gases
US4821219A (en) * 1985-07-30 1989-04-11 Veb Messgeraetewerk "Erich Weinert" Magdeburg, Betrieb Des Kombinates Method for the contactless measuring of temperature with a multi-channel pyrometer
WO1989000282A1 (en) * 1987-07-01 1989-01-12 Weyerhaeuser Company Temperature measurement of hot mineral product by induced fluorescence
US4759033A (en) * 1987-07-01 1988-07-19 Weyerhaeuser Company Temperature measurement of hot mineral product by induced fluorescence
US5109277A (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-04-28 Quadtek, Inc. System for generating temperature images with corresponding absolute temperature values
US5219226A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-06-15 Quadtek, Inc. Imaging and temperature monitoring system
US5615953A (en) * 1994-07-25 1997-04-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Boiler bank surface temperature profiler
US5788374A (en) * 1996-06-12 1998-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of a liquid medium
US20140333752A1 (en) * 2011-10-11 2014-11-13 Zhengkai Gao System and method for on-line measuring a burden surface in a blast furnace
US9939307B2 (en) * 2016-01-09 2018-04-10 David R. Hall Optical proximity sensor based toilet with fill tube proximity level sensing
WO2019245733A1 (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 Rosemount Inc. Level and surface temperature gauge
CN110631659A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-31 罗斯蒙特公司 物位和表面温度计量表
US10816405B2 (en) 2018-06-22 2020-10-27 Rosemount Inc. Level and surface temperature gauge
CN110631659B (zh) * 2018-06-22 2021-05-11 罗斯蒙特公司 物位和表面温度计量表
CN113609936A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-05 武汉钢铁有限公司 高炉上部炉料径向下降速度分布的确定方法
CN113609936B (zh) * 2021-07-22 2024-03-15 武汉钢铁有限公司 高炉上部炉料径向下降速度分布的确定方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1175567A (en) 1969-12-23
LU51941A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1968-03-21
NL6712446A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1968-03-13
DE1583443B1 (de) 1972-01-13

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