US3544082A - Fluidic fuel metering system - Google Patents

Fluidic fuel metering system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3544082A
US3544082A US3544082DA US3544082A US 3544082 A US3544082 A US 3544082A US 3544082D A US3544082D A US 3544082DA US 3544082 A US3544082 A US 3544082A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
engine
metering system
pressure
fluidic
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward F Fort
Wayne E Berndt
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Navistar International Corp
Original Assignee
International Harverster Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US3544082A publication Critical patent/US3544082A/en
Assigned to NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
    • F02M7/10—Other installations, without moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. electrical means
    • F02M7/106—Fluid amplifier as a device for influencing the fuel-air mixture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/69—Fluid amplifiers in carburetors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2076—Utilizing diverse fluids

Definitions

  • the system except for float bowl fuel inlet control and variable throttle valve, employs a fluidic device but no moving parts. Recycling of fuel in excess of engine demand to the fuel supply reservoir is avoided as well as any necessity for a secondary source of fluid pressure or a secondary fuel 40; 137/815 system for engine idling.
  • This invention relates to a liquid fuel ma metering system for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
  • this invention relates to a carburetor construction employing a fluidic device for metering liquid fuel for delivering all or substantially all fuel through nozzle means positioned downstream of the throttle control valve in a manner wherein the system singularly is capable of supplying fuel to the engine at a substantially constant air-fuel ratio for all loads imposed upon the engine and yet permit the engine to idle under the same system.
  • a single fuel system is provided for all engine operating conditions including both idling and full load conditions.
  • a striking advantage in the engine fuel supply system of this invention is its ability to meter and deliver fuel into a zone of relatively high vacuum and turbulence (i.e. downstream of the throttle). Delivery into such a zone is advantageous in that it breaks up the liquid fuel and mixes it more evenly with the airstream thus promoting good cylinder-to-cylinder fuel distribution. Good cylinder-to-cylinder fuel distribution is important in allowing an engine to run steadily and smoothly with lean fuel-air ratio mixtures.
  • control of fuel flow to the engine is basically accomplished by controlling the rate of fuel supplied to a single outlet from a source having no external applied auxiliary pressure.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a fluidic fuel metering system for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine which system singularly is capable of delivering all or substantially all metered fuel through a single liquid fuel outlet directed to a nozzle positioned downstream of the throttle control valve.
  • Another important object of the invention is to provide a fluidic fuel metering system according to the preceding object wherein no portion of liquid fuel is directed back to the fuel reservoir for recycling.
  • a further important object of the invention is to provide a fluidic fuel metering system according to the preceding objects wherein no external-or auxiliary secondary source of pressure is required.
  • Yet another important object of the invention is to provide a fluidic fuel metering system according to the preceding objects wherein the fuel metering requirements are met according to engine demand and accomplished without requiring moving parts for metering.
  • Still another important object of the invention is to provide a fluidic fuel metering system according to the'preceding objects which is capable of operating an internal combustion engine employing substantially constant lean fuelair ratios throughout all or nearly all of the range of engine load.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a carburetor construction having a fluidic fuel metering system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view in vertical section taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing details of the fluidic fuel metering system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view partly in section taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 2, illustrating certain ports'opening into the airflow conduit of the carburetor construction of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view in horizontal section taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 2 illustrating the fluidic device of the fuel metering system of the present invention more in detail;
  • FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 1 but represents a modified form of the present invention wherein the shape of the fluidic device is modified and positioned in the central portion of the airflow conduit;
  • FIG. 6 is a view in vertical section taken along the line 6-6 of FIG. 5 illustrating the modified form of the fluidic device in detail.
  • the fluidic fuel metering system or carburetor of this invention is indicated generally by the numeral 10.
  • the carburetor 10 includes an inlet airflow conduit 11 having its upper end in communication with the atmosphere, usually through a conventional air filter (not shown) and its lower end in communication with the cylinders through an intake manifold, of an internal combustion engine (not shown). Air flowing through the conduit 11 is controlled by a conventional throttle valve generally in dicated at 12 which is varied by a rotational movement of the throttle valve shaft 13 in a conventional manner.
  • the conduit 11 includes a restriction or venturi portion 14 which reduces the static pressure of air flowing therethrough to create control signal pressures related to the rate of airflow through the conduit 11 which will be discussed herein more in detail.
  • the carburetor 10 is provided with a conventional fuel float bowl or float chamber indicated generally at lSJ
  • the chamber 15 includes a float 16 connected to an arm 17 pivotally connected at 18 to a side wall 19 of the carburetor 10.
  • the arm 17 is provided with a valve element 20 in cooperative alinement with seat 21 in a conventional manner.
  • a source of liquid fuel under pressure above atmospheric is connected to pipe 22 hereby liquid fuel is admitted into the float chamber 15 via conduit 22 and valve 20, 21 until the amount of fuel 23 in the float chamber 15 reaches a' predetermined fuel level 24 as indicated best in FIGS. 2 and 6.
  • the upper portion of the float chamber 15 communicates with the upper portion of the inlet airflow conduit 11 through passage 31 having a port 32 opening into the conduit 11 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • the carburetor 10 is provided with a fluidic device generally indicated at 25 in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the fluidic device 25 includes an interaction zone 26 having a restriction or inlet nozzle 27, shown best in FIG. 4, in communication with the float chamber 15 through fuel passage 28.
  • liquid fuel from the float chamber 15 may enter zone 26 through passage 28 and inlet port or nozzle 27.
  • the carburetor 10 is provided with a liquid fuel discharge member indicated generally at 29, closed at one end, extending into the inlet airflow conduit 11 and positioned below the throttle valve 12 as shown best in FIG. 2.
  • the discharge member 29 includes one or more ports or orifices 30 also shown in FIG. 2.
  • the discharge member 29 communicates with zone 26 of the fluidic device 25 through outlet port 33 and outlet passage 34 as indicated in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • liquid fuel from the float chamber 15 is directed by the nozzle 27 through the zone 26 into port 33 from when whence it is conducted to the discharge orifices 30 through outlet passage 34 and discharge member 29.
  • the modified form of the carburetor 10' as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the previously described carburetor 10 as shown in FIGS. 1 through 5 in 4 in that the fluidic device indicated at 25' is positioned centrally in the inlet airflow conduit 11 and, in addition is contained within a tubular element generally indicated at 35 as shown in FIG. 6. Liquid fuel from the float chamber 15 enters the zone 26' of the fluidic device through fuel passage 28 and nozzle 27'. From zone 26 the liquid fuel enters the dischargemember 29' through outlet port 33 and outlet passage 34. I
  • the float chamber 15 is positioned with respect to the fluidic devices 25,25 whereby the fuel level 24 is maintained at or just slightly below the horizontal plane of the nozzles 27,27. If the fuel level 24 is above the nozzles 27,27 liquid fuel from the float chamber 15 will drain into the airflow conduit 11 during periods when the engine is notoperating which would result in loss of fuel and may affect the ability of the engine to start easily. On the other hand the fuel level 24 should not be substantially below the horizontal plane of nozzles 27,27 because it would then require an unnecessarily higher pressure difference to cause the liquid fuel to flow through the nozzles 27,27.
  • the interaction zone 26 of the fluidic device 25 communicates with the airflow conduit 11 through the signal port opening 36.
  • the distance between the nozzle 27 and the port opening 36 ideally should be zero. However, practically the distance between the nozzle 27 and pressure signal port opening 36 may be as much as about onehalf the total wetted perimeter of the port opening 36. A distance of 2 inches between the nozzle 27 and port opening 36 precludes satisfactory operation while a distance of about one-sixteenth inch provides very satisfactory operation.
  • the aggregate cross-sectional areas of theorifices in the discharge member 29 is also important. It was found that the total or aggregate cross-sectional area of orifices 30 should preferably be from one-half to three times the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 27 or 27'.
  • in the inlet airflow conduit 11 there are three principal signal pressure regions indicated at X, Y, and Z.
  • the rate or metering of fuel 23 from the float chamber 15 through the'fluidic device 25,25 is a function directly related to the composite or integrated effect of the three absolute pressure magnitudes existing in regions X, Y, and Z during any predetermined operating condition of the engine.
  • the absolute pressure at region X has been found to be slightly below atmospheric pressure and varies only slightly under all engine operating conditions.
  • the absolute pressure in region Y at the venturi portion 14 of the airflow conduit 11 reaches its lowest value when the throttle 12 is at maximum open position (i.e.
  • the carburetors as shown in the drawing, are capable of delivering to the engine fuel at a substantially constant airfuel ratio at any time the engine is under load (i.e. not idling condition).
  • An internal combustion engine fuel metering system comprising:
  • an inlet airflow conduit having a venturi portion disposed therein capable of generating a first signal pressure region in said venturi portion and a second signal pressure region upstream of said venturi portion in an airstream flowing therethrough;
  • said conduit having a throttle valve means positioned downstream of said venturi portion capable of generating a third signal pressure region in said airstream downstream of said throttle valve means;
  • a fluidic device having an interaction zone positioned in adjunctive relation to said venturi portion of said conduit;
  • said fluidic device having a pressure signal port opening connecting said first signal pressure region with said interaction zone;
  • fuel inlet means communicatively connecting said interaction zone of said fluidic device with said source of liquid fuel whereby the integrated pressure values of said signal pressure regions regulate the rate of flow of fuel through said fuel inlet means to said interaction zone and said fuel discharge member thereby converting said airstream to an air-fuel mixture stream of substantially constant air-to-fuel ratio.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel metering system according to claim 2 wherein said fuel outlet means includes an outlet port adjacent said interaction zone for receiving fuel from said zone and said fuel inlet means includes a nozzle positioned adjacent said zone in spaced relation from said outlet port.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel metering system wherein said fuel inlet means includes a nozzle positioned adjacent said interaction zone and said fuel discharge member includes at least one orifice positioned to discharge fuel into said airstream.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel metering system according to claim 5 wherein the aggregate cross-sectional area of said orifices is within the range of one-half to and including three times the cross-sectional area of said nozzle.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel metering system according to claim 8 wherein means are provided in said chamber for limiting the entry of liquid fuel therein to a predetermined fuel level, said fuel level being slightly below said interaction zone of said fluidic device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
US3544082D 1969-03-12 1969-03-12 Fluidic fuel metering system Expired - Lifetime US3544082A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80664569A 1969-03-12 1969-03-12

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US3544082A true US3544082A (en) 1970-12-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3544082D Expired - Lifetime US3544082A (en) 1969-03-12 1969-03-12 Fluidic fuel metering system

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3544082A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2011080A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2038034A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1298721A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3669423A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-06-13 Hitachi Ltd Carburetor
US3675906A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-07-11 Bendix Corp Fluidic fuel system
US3679186A (en) * 1970-08-14 1972-07-25 Ford Motor Co Single fuel system carburetor having improved metering stability
US6086054A (en) * 1997-05-27 2000-07-11 U.S.A. Zama, Inc. Diaphragm type carburetor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3669423A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-06-13 Hitachi Ltd Carburetor
US3679186A (en) * 1970-08-14 1972-07-25 Ford Motor Co Single fuel system carburetor having improved metering stability
US3675906A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-07-11 Bendix Corp Fluidic fuel system
US6086054A (en) * 1997-05-27 2000-07-11 U.S.A. Zama, Inc. Diaphragm type carburetor
US6234457B1 (en) 1997-05-27 2001-05-22 U.S.A. Zama, Inc. Method of operating a diaphragm-type carburetor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1298721A (en) 1972-12-06
FR2038034A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-31
DE2011080A1 (de) 1971-09-23

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AS Assignment

Owner name: NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, ILLINOIS

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004546/0650

Effective date: 19860220

Owner name: NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004546/0650

Effective date: 19860220