US3540162A - Diamond abrasive tool - Google Patents

Diamond abrasive tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US3540162A
US3540162A US618104A US3540162DA US3540162A US 3540162 A US3540162 A US 3540162A US 618104 A US618104 A US 618104A US 3540162D A US3540162D A US 3540162DA US 3540162 A US3540162 A US 3540162A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
diamond
mold
center
diamonds
abrasive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US618104A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul W Blackmer
Gunnar E Hollstrom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc
Original Assignee
Norton Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norton Co filed Critical Norton Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3540162A publication Critical patent/US3540162A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B24D3/08—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for close-grained structure, e.g. using metal with low melting point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/18—Wheels of special form

Definitions

  • a bonded abrasive tool comprising:
  • the field of the invention is abrasive tools made With silicon carbide, diamonds and metal oxide grits and the processes of making such tools.
  • the invention particularly relates to a diamond abrasive tool having an inert filler and a matrix of metal bonding material.
  • Diamond wheels are available in diamond grain sizes ranging from 16 to 2000 mesh with 46 to 400 mesh being the preferred range. The grain or grit sizes available are determined, according to the US. Standard Sieve Series. These diamond wheels are commercially available in standard concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100, where 100 concentration corresponds to 25% diamonds by volume and 50 concentration corresponds to 12.5% diamonds by volume, etc.
  • the face of the wheel is contoured during manufacture to conform to a shape to be generated in a workpiece.
  • Such a prior art process is disclosed in US. Pat. 3,288,580, of Frantisek Curn.
  • the grinding wheel produced by the process of Curn has a specific utility in precision grinding activities and it contains only a single layer of diamonds. When this layer is worn down, however, the grinding wheel is no longer useful.
  • Another object of the present invention is a diamond abrasive product having a contoured grinding face.
  • Still another object of the present invention is a bonded diamond abrasive tool having an inert filler of the same particle size as the diamonds separating the layers of diamonds and a bonding matrix of diecast metal.
  • the improved bonded abrasive tool of the present invention is molded to form a grinding wheel by first machining an outer mold ring from an aluminum alloy. A second part which becomes the center of the wheel is spaced inwardly from this ring and is disposed concentric with it to define an annular space. If it is desired to have a contoured surface on the outside diameter of the finished grinding wheel, the shape of the surface desired is machined into the inside diameter of the mold ring. A center portion, which later becomes the grinding wheel hub, is also machined to have such a contour and may be in the form of an aluminum alloy wheel disposed concentrically within the mold ring. For standard straight faced grinding wheels, the mold for forming the grinding face of the diamond section and the surface of the mold center are substantially straight.
  • the weight of diamond grains desired for a particular diamond concentration is calculated for the given volume.
  • the weight of aluminum alloy particles and antimony particles needed to fill the remaining volume of the space of the diamond section is also calculated.
  • the aluminum alloy is preferably used in a volume ratio of two parts aluminum to one part antimony.
  • the aluminum alloy and antimony particles are screened to the same grit size as the diamond grains selected, the proper portions of diamond grains, aluminum alloy and antimony are then measured and are mixed by tumbling, the mixture being poured into the space between the mold center and the mold ring.
  • the aluminum alloy and antimony fillers having the same particle size as the diamonds, maintain the diamonds evenly distributed in the annular space between the mold center and ring. With the diamond grains suspended in this way, the mold is placed in a diecasting apparatus and a molten diecasting metal is flowed into the annular diamond section to fill the voids between the diamond grains and the inert fillers.
  • the mold ring is then removed from the outside surface of the grinding wheel and the center portion of the mold center is machined or bored to conform to the dimensions of the usual mounting hub of a grinding machine.
  • the diamond grinding wheel is then ready for final finishing to condition the surface of the grinding wheel for use before testing, inspection and shipment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an enlarged cross section of the diamond section of a grinding wheel and shows the surface of contact of the abrasive carrying section with its center;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of the mold ring for the wheel shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of the mold ring assembled with the mold center and the abrasive grains and inert filler distributed therebetween;
  • FIG. 4 shows the finished wheel in cross section.
  • the abrasive containing section 2 is shown attached to wheel hub 1.
  • the abrasive section has a contoured grinding surface 3 and the hub 1 has a knurled and contoured surface 4.
  • the abrasive grits which are preferably diamonds 5 are supported by a bond material 6 having inert filler particles 13 therein.
  • the outer mold ring 7 is shown in FIG. 2 as having a locating bore 8, a mold cavity 9 and a contoured surface 10.
  • a method for making the mold, assembling it with the center, and completing the die casting step are all described in the Corn Pat. 3,288,580.
  • the mold center 11 with its locating pin portion 12 is shown inserted in and assembled with the outer mold ring.
  • the abrasive grits and inert filler particles 13 are shown distributed between the mold center and the mold ring.
  • FIG. 4 The finished grinding wheel of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 4 on a smaller scale, with the center mounting hole 14 bored through the hub 1.
  • the outer mold ring of the present invention is preferably machined from an inexpensive wrought aluminum alloy containing copper and magnesium as primary alloying elements, together with minor amounts of iron, nickel and titanium.
  • a cutting tool of high speed steel having a rake angle of 3 on the side and from 15 to on the face may be employed for shaping the critical contour of the wall 10 on a toolmakers lathe.
  • the mold center is preferably made of the same material as the mold ring but it is suggested that in some instances standard diamond wheel center compositions may be used.
  • the abrasive grits used may be either silicon carbide, alumina, or other known abrasive material, but preferably diamonds are used in the present invention which may be from natural or synthetic sources with a particle size from about 80 to 200 grit preferred, wherein 100 grit size is particularly preferred.
  • the diamond tools of the present invention are particularly useful in diamond concentrations up to 200 i.e., 50% diamonds by volume. It is suggested that this invention is useful, however, in the range of concentrations up to 300 or 75% diamonds by volume.
  • the inert filling material of the diamond section is preferably a mixture of chips formed by comminuting and screening chips produced by machining the mold ring, these chips being mixed with antimony powder.
  • the volume ratio of aluminum alloy powder to antimony is preferably two to one.
  • the inert fillers are screened to the corresponding grit size of the diamonds used so that the diamonds may be uniformly distributed throughout the mix and do not settle out from a loosely packed mixture.
  • the diecasting alloy preferred for use as a binder for the diamond section preferably comprises 65 percent of a conventional zinc diecasting alloy containing copper and aluminum as the principal alloying elements, about 32 percent cadmium and about 3 percent commercial silver solder. It is the intention of the present invention to provide a binding alloy with a melting point lower than the melting point of the inert filling material and therefore other alloys fulfilling the required conditions may be used.
  • the process of molding the diamond abrasive tool of the present invention is carried out by machining the mold ring shown in FIG. 2.
  • the mold center 11 is then prepared to preferably have a correspondingly contoured periphery and is inserted in the mold ring.
  • the mixture of diamonds 6 and inert materials 13 all having approxi- 'mately the same particle size are then poured into the cavity formed between the center 11 and the mold 7.
  • This space or cavity may conveniently be designed to be /8" wide in a straight faced grinding wheel and in a contoured wheel a corresponding cavity volume is defined.
  • the mixture of diamond grains and inert particles, prepared by tumbling, may be spread or fed into the cavity by rotating the mold assembly.
  • the loosely packed mixture of diamonds and inert materials after being evenly distributed is then bonded together and to the center by inserting the mold assembly into a diecasting apparatus and by adding a molten diecasting metal to fill the pores between the diamonds and inert fillers.
  • the assembly is then cooled and the outer mold is removed by machining or otherwise stripping the mold ring away.
  • the locating pin portion 12 of the center shown in FIG. 3, is then machined away and the center mounting hole 14 is bored into the center to form the grinding wheel of FIG. 4.
  • a bonded abrasive tool comprising:
  • a driving center having a knurled contoured peripheral surface extending to adjacent side surfaces
  • an abrasive containing section of substantially uniform thickness extending entirely across the contoured peripheral surface to the side surfaces and having a contoured grinding surface concentric with the contour of hte knurled peripheral surface;
  • abrasive tool of claim 1 wherein said abrasive grains are diamonds and said given grain size is between about and 200 grit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US618104A 1967-02-23 1967-02-23 Diamond abrasive tool Expired - Lifetime US3540162A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61810467A 1967-02-23 1967-02-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3540162A true US3540162A (en) 1970-11-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US618104A Expired - Lifetime US3540162A (en) 1967-02-23 1967-02-23 Diamond abrasive tool

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3540162A (de)
DE (1) DE1652914A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1553617A (de)
GB (1) GB1177191A (de)
SE (1) SE346724B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861087A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-01-21 Fletcher Engineering Inc Tool sharpener
US3898772A (en) * 1972-08-04 1975-08-12 Winter & Sohn Ernst Material removal tool with multiple cutting edges
EP0171713A1 (de) * 1984-08-06 1986-02-19 Norton Company Schleifscheibe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US4744180A (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-05-17 Theodore Voorhees Sanding wheel
US5658194A (en) * 1994-04-12 1997-08-19 Norton S.A. Super abrasive grinding wheels
US6283845B1 (en) * 1998-04-21 2001-09-04 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. Grinding wheel
US20120196510A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-02 Apple Inc. Machining process and tools
US9444131B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2016-09-13 Apple Inc. Antenna, shielding and grounding
US9710017B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2017-07-18 Apple Inc. Method of forming a housing for an electronic device
US20170232579A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2017-08-17 Nano Materials International Corporation Aluminum diamond cutting tool

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2137121B (en) * 1983-03-10 1986-05-29 Takeshi Kurimoto Cutting tools with galvanic-cathodic protection

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2238351A (en) * 1940-12-24 1941-04-15 Norton Co Grinding wheel
US2766565A (en) * 1954-03-23 1956-10-16 Wheel Trueing Tool Co Metal bonded abrasive wheel and method of making the same
US3069816A (en) * 1959-04-22 1962-12-25 Vanguard Abrasive Corp Abrasive cut-off disks
US3288580A (en) * 1963-05-13 1966-11-29 Naradi Narodni Podnik Method of preparing a diamond tool

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2238351A (en) * 1940-12-24 1941-04-15 Norton Co Grinding wheel
US2766565A (en) * 1954-03-23 1956-10-16 Wheel Trueing Tool Co Metal bonded abrasive wheel and method of making the same
US3069816A (en) * 1959-04-22 1962-12-25 Vanguard Abrasive Corp Abrasive cut-off disks
US3288580A (en) * 1963-05-13 1966-11-29 Naradi Narodni Podnik Method of preparing a diamond tool

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861087A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-01-21 Fletcher Engineering Inc Tool sharpener
US3898772A (en) * 1972-08-04 1975-08-12 Winter & Sohn Ernst Material removal tool with multiple cutting edges
EP0171713A1 (de) * 1984-08-06 1986-02-19 Norton Company Schleifscheibe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US4744180A (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-05-17 Theodore Voorhees Sanding wheel
US5658194A (en) * 1994-04-12 1997-08-19 Norton S.A. Super abrasive grinding wheels
US6283845B1 (en) * 1998-04-21 2001-09-04 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. Grinding wheel
US20120196510A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-02 Apple Inc. Machining process and tools
US8911280B2 (en) * 2011-01-31 2014-12-16 Apple Inc. Apparatus for shaping exterior surface of a metal alloy casing
US9444131B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2016-09-13 Apple Inc. Antenna, shielding and grounding
US9710017B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2017-07-18 Apple Inc. Method of forming a housing for an electronic device
US10474193B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2019-11-12 Apple Inc. Handheld portable device
US10658744B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2020-05-19 Apple Inc. Antenna, shielding and grounding
US11480998B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2022-10-25 Apple Inc. Handheld portable device
US20170232579A1 (en) * 2014-08-26 2017-08-17 Nano Materials International Corporation Aluminum diamond cutting tool
US11267102B2 (en) * 2014-08-26 2022-03-08 Nano Materials International Corporation Aluminum diamond cutting tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE346724B (de) 1972-07-17
GB1177191A (en) 1970-01-07
FR1553617A (de) 1969-01-10
DE1652914A1 (de) 1971-04-29

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