US3537810A - Process for the carbonization of wool - Google Patents

Process for the carbonization of wool Download PDF

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Publication number
US3537810A
US3537810A US539529A US53952966A US3537810A US 3537810 A US3537810 A US 3537810A US 539529 A US539529 A US 539529A US 53952966 A US53952966 A US 53952966A US 3537810 A US3537810 A US 3537810A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wool
drying
acid
neutralizing
treatment
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Expired - Lifetime
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US539529A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Fleissner
Gerold Fleissner
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PATENTDIENST ANST
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PATENTDIENST ANST
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1965A0050486 external-priority patent/DE1494549B2/de
Application filed by PATENTDIENST ANST filed Critical PATENTDIENST ANST
Priority to US870793A priority Critical patent/US3685322A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3537810A publication Critical patent/US3537810A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C5/00—Carbonising rags to recover animal fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S68/00—Textiles: fluid treating apparatus
    • Y10S68/903—Perforated drum and continuous textile feed and discharge

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to a process and apparatus for the continuous carbonization of wool, preferably in the form of flock, comprising the steps of wetting the wool with an acid solution, thereafter extracting, drying and heating the wool to a baking temperature, subsequently removing carbonized matter from the wool and thereafter neutralizing the acid adhering to the fibers of the wool, at least some of the treatment media used in the aforementioned steps being applied to the wool by means of a suction draft.
  • the present invention relates to a process and a device for the continuous carbonization of wool, preferably of wool flock, in which process the wool is wetted with acid, preferably with sulphuric acid, extracted, dried and heated to a baking temperature, subsequently opened and/or beaten, and in which process the acid adhering to the wool fibers is then neutralized.
  • the present invention is applicable to various wool processing stages, i.e., to raw wool, to top, to yarn, and to piece goods.
  • Carbonization is the treatment of the wool with an acid, especially with sulphuric acid, at elevated temperatures, in order to destroy vegetable contaminations such as burrs, shives, cotton and staple fibers, and other cellulosic products so that they can be better removed from the wool.
  • Baking i.e., heating of the Wool to 100-120 C. for dehydration and carbonization of the cellulosic matter whereby the baking time amounts to approximately minutes.
  • leviathan washing machines For acidifying the wool in flock form, so-called leviathan washing machines are known in which the wool is transported through the acid liquor by means of rakes which immerse into the acid liquor. Since the required residence time in the acid liquor amounts to 15-30 minutes, extremely long and expensive acid baths are required as well as a correspondingly high number of rakes for the transportation of the wool through the acid bath.
  • drum dryers or belt dryers are used for drying and baking the wool.
  • various units can be used, for example, openers, beating machines, carding machines and the like.
  • the present invention has the object to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages by reducing the treatment times, especially the impregnating time, and the time from acidifying to neutralizing, i.e., the total time during which the acid reacts on the wool.
  • the acid bath down to a temperature below 20 C.
  • the acid bath should have a temperature of 10-l5 C. It has been found that with such low temperatures the Wool combines with much smaller quantities of acid whereas the acid absorption of the cellulosic matter which is to be charred does practically not decrease. The aforementioned advantages apply here to an even greater extent.
  • Uniform neutralization is favored in the case of this last-mentioned embodiment of the present invention if the neutralizing zone is provided with a device which ensures a constantly uniform gas concentration of a gaseous neutralizing agent.
  • This device may simply consist of, e.g., a measuring instrument which measures the gas concentration and which controls a regulating valve of a gas feed line according to the respective, preset gas concentration. If a spraying device is provided in the neutralizing zone, the neutralizing liquid is controlled in the same way.
  • the neutralized chemicals form a white powder which can be easily removed from the wool during the subsequent opening or beating process.
  • a device which, according to the present invention, consists of at least one suction drum bath with an extraction device, preferably a squeezing unit connected behind the bowl, of a dryer, preferably a sieve drum dryer which is subdivided into a drying zone and into a baking zone, of an opening and/or beating machine behind which are connected at least one neutralizing bath and preferably a dryer, as well as of conveying elements between the individual treatment devices for the continuous transportation of the wool through the device.
  • an extraction device preferably a squeezing unit connected behind the bowl
  • a dryer preferably a sieve drum dryer which is subdivided into a drying zone and into a baking zone, of an opening and/or beating machine behind which are connected at least one neutralizing bath and preferably a dryer, as well as of conveying elements between the individual treatment devices for the continuous transportation of the wool through the device.
  • a sieve drum scouring bowl for wetting the wool is filled with cold, chemically neutral fresh water.
  • a squeezing unit at the end of that bowl for squeezing out the liquid.
  • a continuously operating hydro-extractor may be used instead of one or two pairs of squeeze rollers.
  • a sieve drum dryer with a predrying chamber, a drying chamber, and a baking chamber and possibly a neutralizing chamber.
  • a neutralizing liquor e.g., a soap bath with sodium carbonate
  • the second containing chemically neutral water for washing out the residues of the chemicals.
  • a sieve drum dryer for the final drying of the wool.
  • An essential advantage offered by the sieve drum dryer as compared with a belt dryer is, apart from the better drying capacity, the fact that soiling is much reduced.
  • a pronounced disadvantage of the belt dryer is that it must be stopped after a relatively short period of operation for cleaning.
  • Fiber fly and thus a contamination of the belt dryer can be avoided particularly well if the fiber fleece is held to the conveyor belt by means of a suction draft and if it is consolidated at the same time.
  • the fiber fleece is exposed to essentially higher drying temperatures in the predrying zone than in the drying zone proper.
  • the drying temperature in the predrying zone may be so high that the fibers in a dry condition would be damaged by that high temperature.
  • the temperature in the fiber fleece is essentially lower than the air temperature so that fiber damage does not occur.
  • rollers or drums may be correlated to the conveyor belt which rollers or drums consolidate the fiber fleece or which, e.g., press against the fiber fleece.
  • the treatment chamber is designed in this device as a suction chamber with the suction draft directed downwards for consolidating and holding the fiber fleece onto the conveyor belt and/ or the conveyor belts.
  • the suction draft may, e.g., be formed in such a way that below the lower conveyor belt one or several fans with one-sided air discharge are provided, preferably for each treatment zone, and that the fan chamber is separated from the treatment chamber by a wall (bottom) in which openings are provided which are correlated with the exhaust connections of the fans and which correspond in size to the exhaust connections of the fans. It is of advantage if the bearing surfaces of the conveyor belts are sealed, preferably at the sides in order to prevent the air and the fibers from being sucked off.
  • the dryer may be equipped with a device for reversing and for passing on the fiber fleece from one conveyor belt to the next one.
  • a device for reversing and for passing on the fiber fleece from one conveyor belt to the next one.
  • Such a device may consist of an adjustable chute with a roller which is correlated to the conveyor belt below. It is of special advantage if the material is passed on outside of the treatment chamber. In case of such an arrangement the roller serves simultaneously for sealing the intake of the second conveyor belt and/ or of the conveyor belt which is arranged below.
  • each chamber may form a treatment zone with varying treatment temperatures. In that case it is advantageous to seal the point of passage of the material and of the conveyor belt from one chamber to the next one by means of a roller which simultaneously serves for consolidating the fiber fleece.
  • a device in which, within the predrying zone, sieve drums subjected to a suction draft are used as conveying elements and in which at the point of passage of the fiber fleece from the sieve drums to the subsequent conveyor belt a roller is arranged which presses against the fiber fleece and which consolidates it at the point of passage.
  • the predrying zone or the dryer with sieve drums subjected to a suction draft may also be completely separated from the belt dryer. In that case it is of importance that the fiber fleece is not loosened up when being passed from the sieve drum dryer to the belt dryer, as is the case usually up to now, but that the con solidated state is maintained or produced anew.
  • the conveyor belt is covered by a fine wire mesh so that fibers cannot be sucked through the conveyor belt.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b are partial schematic views illustrating a carbonizing plant according to the present invention; whereby FIG. 1b should be thought of as placed along side FIG. la to illustrate the complete overall installation.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a drying and baking device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the device according to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a modified embodiment of a drying and baking device according to the present invention.
  • material 1 to be carbonized preferably raw wool
  • material 1 to be carbonized is fed in the installation illustrated in these figures into a suction drum bath.
  • the treatment liquor may, e.g., consist of 3-6% sulphuric acid.
  • Other carbonizing agents are hydrochloric acid or aluminum chloride.
  • the bath proper is provided with a floating distance 2 at the intake and with a conventional sieve drum 3 subjected to a suction draft at the delivery end. Along the floating distance the loose wool 1 can spread evenly over the whole working width.
  • the loose wool is then sucked onto the sieve drum 3 as a uniform fleece and is passed on to a pair of squeeze rollers 4 arranged behind the sieve drum 3. Owing to the uniformity of the fleece, acidifying as well as the squeezing effect are extremely uniform.
  • pumps 5 are arranged within the sieve drum 3 perpendicularly to the drum axis.
  • the pumps 5 convey the sucked off liquid into a duct 6 arranged above the same, in which duct the liquid is led out of the sieve drums 3 at the sides thereof, preferably into an open duct extending laterally along the whole treatment bath which open duct is connected with the treatment bath at the intake and/ or along the entire length of the bath by conventional means.
  • a further bath of that kind is connected behind the first one in the device shown.
  • the loose wool which has been pre-extracted by a second pair of squeeze rollers 4 is then fed to a sieve drum dryer by means of a conveyor belt 7.
  • the dryer shown consists of a housing 8, which is subdivided by a wall 9 into a treatment chamber provided with sieve drums 10 subjected to a suction draft and into a fan chamber (not shown) with fan wheels (not shown) which are arranged at the end face of the sieve drums.
  • partitions 11 the dryer is subdivided into a drying zone 12 and a baking zone 13.
  • the drying zone only one sieve drum is shown; however, two or more sieve drums may be used as well.
  • the number of sieve drums is not restricted to two sieve drums. The number of sieve drums and the number of bowls depends essentially on the required production capacity.
  • the cellulosic matter in the wool is carbonized in the baking zone 13.
  • an opener of conventional construction is connected behind the dryer in this embodiment of the invention, which opener consists essentially of a pair of feed rollers 14 and of a spiked drum 15.
  • a carding machine, a beating machine, or the like or a combination of such machines may be used.
  • the first two bowls may contain an alkaline liquor for neutralizing the acid and the third bowl may be a scouring bowl with a neutral liquor.
  • the first bowl contains a neutral liquor and that only the second bowl contains an alkaline liquor for neutralization.
  • the latter combination offers the advantage that part of the acid is washed out in the first bowl and that less acid must be neutralized by means of neutralizing agents which results in savings of the neutralizing agents.
  • Final drying of the wool is again effected in a sieve drum dryer.
  • the suction draft in the sieve drum is interrupted by conventional means at the portion of the sieve drum which is free from material, so that the drying air can only be sucked into the sieve drum through the loose wool and the drying air is completely used for drying in each circulation cycle.
  • the belt dryer according to FIG. 2 has a housing 8 which is subdivided by a partition 11 into two treatment chambers 12 and 13.
  • the two treatment chambers 12 and 13 are separated by a bottom 18 from the appertaining fan chambers 19 and 29 which are arranged therebelow.
  • the treatment chambers .12 and 13 are subjected to a suction draft by means of bottom 18 and fans 21. The fans 21 thereby suck the air out of the treatment chambers.
  • the air is passed through loose fibrous material 1 deposited on conveyor belts 22 and 23.
  • a pair of rollers 17 is arranged at the intake of the device which serves for sealing the intake and simultaneously for consolidating the fiber fleece.
  • Another pair of rollers 17' is provided at the point of passage of material 1 from the treatment chamber 12 to the treatment chamber 13.
  • a chute 24 is used for passing on and for the simultaneous reversal of material 1 in fleece form.
  • a roller 25 at the intake of the conveyor belt 23 facilitates the formation of the fleece and consolidates the fleece.
  • FIG. 3 shows the circulation of the air in the dryer according to FIG. 2.
  • a lateral duct 26 the air sucked out of the treatment chambers 12 and 13 by the fans 21 flows over a heating device 27 into the treatment chamber 12 or 13 respectively from above.
  • Air guiding sheets 28 are provided for a better air distribution.
  • the bearing surfaces of the two conveyor belts 22 and 23 are sealed by sheets 29 at the sides so that the total quantity of the air must penetrate the material deposited on the conveyor belts.
  • the drying device consists of a treatment chamber 12 provided with sieve drums 10; with one fan each (not shown) is provided at the end face-of each sieve drum 10 which sucks the air out of the sieve drums.
  • baflle plates 30 are provided along that portion of the sieve drum 10 which is not covered by material. Owing to the powerful suction draft created in the sieve drums, the material on the sieve drums is only predried and the fleece is consolidated.
  • a conveyor belt 22 is provided as a conveying element.
  • a roller 31 is arranged which presses onto or against the material and which simultaneously consolidates the fiber fleece. At the same time, that roller seals the point of material passage. Since the fiber fleece, especially if it consists of raw wool and similar materials, is loosened up during drying, another pair of rollers 17' may be provided after a certain drying distance. In general, the suction draft will, how ever, sufiice for holding the fiber fleece safely on a conveyor belt 22. For that reason the pair of rollers 17 is drawn in dashed lines.
  • Various conventional neutralizing agents may be used in the present invention to neutralize the acid, such as a soda solution, sodium acetate, ammonia or the like.
  • a continuous process for the carbonization of wool which comprises wetting the wool with an inorganic acid bath which is effective to carbonize the wool but which does not adversely affect the wool quality, by conveying said wool through said bath on the surface of at least one sieve drum means while drawing the bath through said wool by means of a suction draft, drying the wool by conveying it on the surface of at least one sieve drum means while drawing a heated treatment medium through said wool by means of a suction draft, baking the wool similarly as in said drying stage but at a higher temperature, opening the wool to remove the carbonized matter, neutralizing the acid adhering to the wool fibers by conveying it through an acid-neutralizing bath on the surface of at least one sieve drum means while drawing the bath through said wool by means of a suction draft and finally drying said wool by conveying it on the surface of at least one sieve drum means while drawing a heated treatment medium through said wool by means of a suction draft.
  • the inorganic acid bath is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and aluminum chloride.
  • step of neutralizing the acid includes spraying the neutralizing agent onto the wool after the wool has entered a neutralization zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
US539529A 1965-04-14 1966-04-01 Process for the carbonization of wool Expired - Lifetime US3537810A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US870793A US3685322A (en) 1965-04-14 1969-10-14 Device for the carbonization of wool

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA0048926 1965-04-14
DE1965A0050486 DE1494549B2 (de) 1965-10-14 1965-10-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Karbonisieren von Wolle

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US3537810A true US3537810A (en) 1970-11-03

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US539529A Expired - Lifetime US3537810A (en) 1965-04-14 1966-04-01 Process for the carbonization of wool

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US (1) US3537810A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE679351A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES325867A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1479589A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1133718A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778227A (en) * 1967-12-01 1973-12-11 H Fleissner Process for the wet-treatment of liquid permeable materials
US3808846A (en) * 1969-06-23 1974-05-07 Vepa Ag Apparatus for the continuous treatment of natural and synthetic fibers with a solvent
US4003702A (en) * 1973-04-25 1977-01-18 I.W.S. Nominee Company Limited Method for carbonizing cellulose materials
WO2012007781A1 (en) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 Charishma Mohini Wickremesinghe A natural fibre bra cup - solution and method of construction

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2485224C1 (ru) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет" Способ карбонизации шерстяного волокна

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB683080A (en) * 1949-03-10 1952-11-19 John Anthony Perry Neutralizing acid associated with wool
US3199126A (en) * 1961-10-18 1965-08-10 Unisearch Ltd Treatment of fibre assemblies with fluids
US3374646A (en) * 1963-08-26 1968-03-26 Patentdienst Anst Apparatus for treating textile fabrics and the like
US3410119A (en) * 1964-11-21 1968-11-12 Fur Patentdienst Anstalt Apparatus for the wet-treatment of materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB683080A (en) * 1949-03-10 1952-11-19 John Anthony Perry Neutralizing acid associated with wool
US3199126A (en) * 1961-10-18 1965-08-10 Unisearch Ltd Treatment of fibre assemblies with fluids
US3374646A (en) * 1963-08-26 1968-03-26 Patentdienst Anst Apparatus for treating textile fabrics and the like
US3410119A (en) * 1964-11-21 1968-11-12 Fur Patentdienst Anstalt Apparatus for the wet-treatment of materials

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778227A (en) * 1967-12-01 1973-12-11 H Fleissner Process for the wet-treatment of liquid permeable materials
US3808846A (en) * 1969-06-23 1974-05-07 Vepa Ag Apparatus for the continuous treatment of natural and synthetic fibers with a solvent
US4003702A (en) * 1973-04-25 1977-01-18 I.W.S. Nominee Company Limited Method for carbonizing cellulose materials
WO2012007781A1 (en) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 Charishma Mohini Wickremesinghe A natural fibre bra cup - solution and method of construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES325867A1 (es) 1967-03-01
FR1479589A (fr) 1967-05-05
GB1133718A (en) 1968-11-13
BE679351A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-12

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