US3537121A - Cleaning and buffing product - Google Patents

Cleaning and buffing product Download PDF

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Publication number
US3537121A
US3537121A US698497A US3537121DA US3537121A US 3537121 A US3537121 A US 3537121A US 698497 A US698497 A US 698497A US 3537121D A US3537121D A US 3537121DA US 3537121 A US3537121 A US 3537121A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pad
fibers
pads
binder
cleaning
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Expired - Lifetime
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US698497A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas R Mcavoy
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D15/00—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping
    • B24D15/04—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping resilient; with resiliently-mounted operative surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/049—Cleaning or scouring pads; Wipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to pads for cleaning (with compounds), bufling, or restoring surfaces.
  • Lambs wool pads do, however, suffer from several inherent drawbacks. They are expensive and, like most natural products, subject to unpredictable variation. The rough surface of wool fibers and their tendency to mat under pressure results in seizing or drag, causing operator fatigue. The presence of even a slight amount of moisture on the surface being bufied, as is often the case, further emphasizes this problem.
  • US. Pat. 2,958,593 discloses and claims a nonwoven lofty open mat formed from randomly disposed fibers which are bonded at points where they intersect and contact each other.
  • An adhesive such as phenolic resin, is used to bind abrasive grains to the fibers, the resultant product being characterized by large voids, through which water and detritus readily pass.
  • Pads formed from such material are compressible, conformable, easy to clean, and low in drag, but they tend to remove a soft surface and/or leave scratch marks, no matter how fine the abrasive particles employed. Even if abrasive grains are omitted, the resin itself leaves scratches in such surfaces, actually removing wax or powdering the ice surfaces of hard synthetic polymer floor finishes, lacquers and similar material.
  • British Pat. 1,006,005 and 1.0l4,297 disclose abrasive articles similar to those in US. Pat. 2,958,593 except that an extremely soft (e.g., Knoop hardness of 1 or 2) adhesive is used to hold the abrasive grains to the fibers, the nonwoven abrasive product being adhered to a support for additional strength.
  • an extremely soft adhesive e.g., Knoop hardness of 1 or 2
  • pads formed from such products tend to scratch and remove soft substrates, no matter how fine the abrasive particles. If the abrasive grains are omitted altogether, the problem of scratching is eliminated, but the tendency of the pad to drag exceeds even that exhibited by lambs wool.
  • the present invention provides products which are comparable to lambs wool in ability to impart luster to butfable waxes and which can be used to clean and restore the surface of hard polymer coatings without powdering. These products do not scratch or abrade the surface being buffed, do not impart swirl marks to the finish, and yet exert a drag far lower than that obtained with lambs wool pads.
  • the novel buffing products resist loading with detritus removed from the surface being buifed, and even those materials which do eventually work their way into the pad can be readily washed free. Both faces of the pad can also be used, thereby effectively increasing its usefulness.
  • the invention comprises a lofty nonwoven mat formed essentially from tough strong resilient fibers bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other with a binder comprising a soft resin (e.g., Knoop'hardness of less than 3); to this extent they are similar to products disclosed in the aforementioned British patents.
  • a soft resin e.g., Knoop'hardness of less than 3
  • the resin in the binder is flexible, tough, resilient and somewhat elastomeric, a particularly preferred resin being a flexible polyurethane.
  • the binder also contains, based on the total volume of binder, from about 10 to about 65% of a finely divided mineral filler which has a Knoop hardness of no more than about 150, and preferably considerably lower.
  • Suitable fillers include calcium carbonate, kaolin, and talc, which has a Knoop hardness of 12 or less and is presently preferred.
  • the filler desirably constitutes about /6 to /2 the volume of binder, the presently preferred value being about 6.
  • Synthetic fibers which are not especially affected by moisture are particularly preferred for the practice of this invention fibers of oriented polyethylene terephthalate fibers proving especially suitable. If desired, however, fibers which are not themselves satisfactory may be blended in with fibers of the type just described; for example, rayon fibers may be blended in with polyester fibers. Fibers having a diameter on the order of 10-50 microns may be employed, with fibers in the 2040 micron range being particularly preferred. In general, the finer the fibers, the less open the pad and the less its tendency to impart swirl marks but its greater the tendency to drag. (The open structure of US. Pat. 2,958,593 is based on fibers having a diameter of at least about 25 microns.)
  • the pad is formed from randomly disposed and interlaced fibers, bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other with a binder which is made up of a soft, tough resin and soft mineral filler, as previously described.
  • Pads of this type may be driven by a conventional floor surfacing machine, or attached to a inch electric drill or other rotary driving bufling tool. It will be recognized, of course, that rectangular pads can be prepared and used on reciprocating, oscillating, or orbital heads.
  • 60 gloss value-Interim Federal Specification No. P-0040b(GSA-FSS) provides certain standards relating to the preparation and testing of buffable waxes containing a high percentage of Carnauba wax.
  • a 4-inch diameter disc of /8-l110h black asphalt tile is covered with a brush coat of 16% solid water emulsion of a butfable wax, allowed to dry for one hour, and adhered to the rigid rotary support of a Schiefer abrasion testing machine.
  • a 4-inch diameter floor surfacing pad is afiixed to a second rotary support and positioned over the tile disc so that slightly over half of the diameters overlap.
  • the disc and pad are then rotated at 250 rpm. for 200 revolutions under an applied force of 5 lbs.
  • the tile is subjected to a 60 gloss measurement in accordance with ASTM Test Specification No. 141. Gloss value should be at least 30.
  • a black asphalt 4-inch diameter tile is coated with about 25 milligrams of a hard acrylic polymer finish (e.g., Step Ahead sold by S. C. Johnson and Son, Inc.), and subjected to the Schiefer test described above.
  • the weight of the coated tile is measured before and after testing, visually checked for any appearance of powdered finish. Polymer weight loss should not exceed about 4 milligrams, and little or no white powder should be visible.
  • Drag.--A 17-inch diameter pad is placed under the driving assembly of a conventional electrically powered floor surfacing machine, in the line circuit of which is connected an ammeter showing a no-load reading of 6.8.
  • the amperage is monitored while the pad being tested is moved over a hard polymer floor surface coating, readings being taken both in level position and when the pad is heeled to move it from place to place.
  • the amperage should not increase more than about 1.2 when the machine is heeled.
  • a machine faced with a lambs wool pad normally draws about 1.3 amperes over no-load when level and 2.6 amperes over no-load when heeled.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A lofty nonwoven Web was formed on a Rando-Webber machine from 15 denier (approximately 40-micr0n diameter) l /z-inch crimped oriented polyethylene terephthalate fibers. The web was approximately 2 inches thick and weighed approximately 68 grams per 24 square inches of web.
  • a mineral-filled binder containing about 30% soft mineral filler by volume, was prepared by blending and curing the following components:
  • Ethylene glycol monoethylether acetate 400 Liquid polyester resin, having a molecular weight of 1800-2000, an equivalent weight of about 900, and a hydroxyl number of about 63 (commercially available from Rohm & Haas, under the trade designation Paraplex U-148) Moderately branched OH-terminated polyester, formed by reacting adipic acid, hexane triol, and butylene glycol, commercially available from Mobay Chemical Co. under the trade designation Multron R-12 Finely divided silica viscosity-builder, commercially available from Godfrey L.
  • Cabot, Inc. under the trade designation Cab-O-Sil M-5 75% solids ethyl acetate solution of the reaction product of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane and 3 mols of toluene diisocyanate, commercially available from Mobay Chemical Co. under the trade designation Mondur CB-75 Talc, 46-micron, maximum Knoop hardness about 12 Ethylene glycol monoethylether acetate, sufiicient to lower viscosity to 2600, cps., viz
  • the fibrous web described in the preceding paragraph was then passed between a pair of 8-inch diameter knurled rubber rolls set with negative clearance, the lower roll rotating in a pan of the liquid (2600 cps.) composition just described, approximately 177 dry grains per 24 square inches being applied.
  • the coated web was heated for about 15 minutes at 320 F. toreact the isocyanate adduct with the polyester and form an elastomeric polyurethane, the final thickness of the web being about 1% inches.
  • the tensile strength of the cured composition was found to be 5,360 psi. at an ultimate elongation of 35%, the Knoop hardness being less than 1.
  • Tensile strength of the web was found to be 78 lbs. per inch of width in the lengthwise direction and 62 lbs. per inch of width in the cross direction.
  • a 17-inch diameter pad was diecut from the cured bonded web and tested in comparison with a conventional lambs wool pad in the buffing of a standard buifable floor wax. It was found that the appearance of the buffed wax was similar in each case.
  • the amount of drag exhibited by the product of this example was, however, significantly less than that of the lambs wool pad, the amperage increase over no-load being respectively 0.2 and 0.8 for level and heeled positions. Further, when the pad eventually picked up enough wax to detract from its eifectiveness, it could be washed and cleaned easily. In contrast, the lambs wool pad was extremely'difiicult to clean, and exposure to water tended to make it mat even worse than it had before.
  • a nonwoven lofty web was formed from 6-denier (approximately 25-micron) l /z-inch crimped oriented polyethylene terephthalate fibers in the manner described in Example 1. The web was approximately 1% inches thick and weighed 41 grains per 24 square inches.
  • a soft mineral-filled binder composition was formed by blending the following components:
  • Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 8 Saturated polyester having an OH number of 47, commercially available from Mobay Chemical Co.
  • the web described in the preceding paragraph was bonded with the foregoing binder composition in the manner described in Example 1, a total of 99 dry grains per 24 square inches being applied.
  • the binder was cured in the manner described in Example 1, the final thickness being /2 inch.
  • Pads diecut from the bonded web of this example proved outstanding in cleaning polymethylmethacrylate (Plexiglas) airplane windows effectively without scratching using conventional cleaning and buffing agents. Used similarly, these pads also cleaned up oxidized and discolored aluminum aircraft bodies. Conventional rubbing compounds could also be used with these pads to rub down automobile lacquer finishes, and the pad itself was extraordinarily efiective in bringing up a high luster without imparting the swirl marks characteristic of finishes made using lambs wool pads.
  • Example 1 was repeated substituting calcium carbonate (Knoop hardness of about 135) for the tale. The pad felt both harsher and stiffer than the pad of Example 1, but performance was comparable.
  • Example 1 was repeated, increasing the amount of talc so that it constituted 65% of the total binder volume.
  • the product was extremely effective in bufling and showed a lower drag than any of the products described above.
  • Example 1 was repeated, replacing the talc with kaolin clay (Knoop hardness about 60) in which 12-18% of the particles had an average diameter above 5 microns and 62-68% had a diameter of less than 2 micron.
  • the product felt similar to that of Example 3, and performance results were comparable.
  • Example 1 was repeated, substituting -denier nylon for the 15-denier polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
  • the cured bonded web was less lofty than that of Example 1, and pads die-cut therefrom felt harsh and were somewhat stiffer.
  • Example 1 was repeated, replacing the polyurethane resin in the binder with a comparable amount of -a 44.5% aqueous emulsion of a thermosetting self-crosslinking hard acrylate polymer (Rhoplex HA-24, commercially available from Rohm and Haas); a patty formed from this polymer has a Knoop hardness of about 1.3 after 6 cure.
  • the pad was suitable for bufling but lacked the durability of pads made in accordance with Example 1.
  • the strength of a nonwoven web can be increased by needle tacking prior to bonding thereby compacting the web and reducing both the openness and percentage void space of the final product.
  • different treatments can be applied to the web, for example to achieve a product having a function for both bufling with a cleaning compound and imparting a final luster.
  • To increase the hydrophilic nature of a pad which is to be used with aqueous emulsions of polishing compounds it is likewise contemplated to treat one face with modified polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a soft, resilient, compressible buifing pad which is capable of imparting a high luster to surfaces of aluminum, paint, wax, plastic and the like and of cleaning polymethylmethacrylate sheets, all at low drag and without scratching the surface, removing significant amounts of substrate or leaving swirl marks therein, said pad comprising in combination:
  • a lofty, nonwoven mat having an extremely high void volume and consisting essentially of crimped tough, strong, synthetic organic resilient fibers having a diameter on the order of 10-50 microns,
  • said fibers being bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other with a filled binder which comprises:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
US698497A 1968-01-17 1968-01-17 Cleaning and buffing product Expired - Lifetime US3537121A (en)

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US69849768A 1968-01-17 1968-01-17

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JP (1) JPS4911115B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH529615A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES144497Y (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2000330A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1258621A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910284A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-10-07 Norman Orentreich Method of treating human skin
US4133144A (en) * 1976-12-16 1979-01-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Abrasive disc of polyurethane bonded metallic wool
US4227350A (en) * 1977-11-02 1980-10-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low-density abrasive product and method of making the same
US4359096A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-11-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguisher
US4841684A (en) * 1986-08-05 1989-06-27 Hall Jr E Winthrop Surface-finishing member
US4893439A (en) * 1987-04-14 1990-01-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article containing helically crimped fibers
US5030496A (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-07-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low density nonwoven fibrous surface treating article
WO1992001536A1 (en) * 1990-07-16 1992-02-06 Gigi Products, Inc. Scrubb puff
US5129519A (en) * 1989-09-05 1992-07-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging container
US5185964A (en) * 1989-01-18 1993-02-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
EP0379361B1 (en) * 1989-01-18 1993-07-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
AU644682B2 (en) * 1990-07-16 1993-12-16 Gigi Products, Inc. Scrubb puff
US5282900A (en) * 1992-03-19 1994-02-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven surface treating articles, system including same, and method of treating calcium carbonate-containing surfaces with said system
US5389032A (en) * 1993-04-07 1995-02-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article
US5396737A (en) * 1989-01-18 1995-03-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
US5458962A (en) * 1993-08-11 1995-10-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven surface treating articles and methods of making and using same
US5605749A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-02-25 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven pad for applying active agents
US5685935A (en) * 1992-08-24 1997-11-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of preparing melt bonded nonwoven articles
US5738696A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-04-14 Norton Company Method for making high permeability grinding wheels
US5738697A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-04-14 Norton Company High permeability grinding wheels
US5756161A (en) * 1995-11-14 1998-05-26 The Dial Corporation Scouring pad and process for making same
US5874160A (en) * 1996-12-20 1999-02-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Macrofiber nonwoven bundle
US5955417A (en) * 1995-11-14 1999-09-21 The Dial Corporation Scouring pad
US6067328A (en) * 1996-12-12 2000-05-23 Alliedsignal High precision hardware carrier frequency and phase aiding in a GPS receiver
US6081959A (en) * 1996-07-01 2000-07-04 Umbrell; Richard Buffer centering system
US6105197A (en) * 1998-04-14 2000-08-22 Umbrell; Richard T. Centering system for buffing pad
US6217889B1 (en) 1999-08-02 2001-04-17 The Proctor & Gamble Company Personal care articles
US6239049B1 (en) 1998-12-22 2001-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Aminoplast resin/thermoplastic polyamide presize coatings for abrasive article backings
US6238449B1 (en) 1998-12-22 2001-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article having an abrasive coating containing a siloxane polymer
US6267975B1 (en) 1999-08-02 2001-07-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal care articles
US6298518B1 (en) 1998-04-14 2001-10-09 Richard T. Umbrell Heat dissipating buffing pad
US6302930B1 (en) 1999-01-15 2001-10-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Durable nonwoven abrasive product
US6312484B1 (en) 1998-12-22 2001-11-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Nonwoven abrasive articles and method of preparing same
US6322801B1 (en) 1999-08-02 2001-11-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal care articles
EP1113099A3 (en) * 2000-01-03 2002-09-04 Freudenberg Nonwovens Limited Partnership Nonwoven buffing or polishing material having increased strength and dimensional stability
US6491928B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-12-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Water-flux limiting cleansing articles
WO2002084004A3 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-12-19 3M Innovative Properties Co Cleaning articles and method of making
US20040147189A1 (en) * 1999-08-02 2004-07-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal care articles comprising batting
WO2006097141A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Htc Sweden Ab Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US20060211340A1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Hakan Thysell Method and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US20060254014A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Unicharm Corporation Water-decomposable cleaning product
USD532565S1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2006-11-21 Iron-Tongue, Llc Floor mounted cleaning accessory
USD532945S1 (en) 2004-09-28 2006-11-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Floor cleaning pad
USD537217S1 (en) 2004-09-28 2007-02-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Floor cleaning pad
USD549407S1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-08-21 Iron-Tongue, Llc Bag mounted cleaning accessory
US20070298697A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2007-12-27 Louis Charmoille Floor Cleaning Pads and Preparation Thereof
US20080006413A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Well Servicing Methods and Systems Employing a Triggerable Filter Medium Sealing Composition
US20080178366A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Samir Daher Cleaning glove
US20100293865A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2010-11-25 Nihon Micro Coating Co., Ltd. Method of producing polishing sheet
USD669647S1 (en) 2010-09-10 2012-10-23 S. M. Arnold, Inc. Vented waffle style buffing pad
WO2013067034A1 (en) 2011-11-01 2013-05-10 Cortex Composites, Llc Nonwoven cementitious composite for in-situ hydration
EP2644078A2 (de) 2012-03-27 2013-10-02 RCS-Steinbodensanierung GmbH Reinigungselement
US8828162B2 (en) 2009-10-21 2014-09-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Porous supported articles and methods of making
US9085838B2 (en) 2010-09-14 2015-07-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Floor mat article
US9408522B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2016-08-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Fryer cleaning tool with cleaning head with cleaning pad slidably mountable thereon
US9498384B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2016-11-22 Leigh E. Wood Assembled intermediate comprising staple fiber nonwoven web and articles
US9567750B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2017-02-14 Cortex Composites, Inc. Nonwoven cementitious composite for in-situ hydration
US9763837B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2017-09-19 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Absorbent article having fluid flow control member
US9775486B2 (en) 2012-11-09 2017-10-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Cleaning pad with support body
US10167635B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2019-01-01 Cortex Composites, Inc. Nonwoven cementitious composite for In-Situ hydration
US10221569B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2019-03-05 Cortex Composites, Inc. Cementitious composite constituent relationships
US10435859B2 (en) 2015-11-05 2019-10-08 Cortex Composites, Inc. Cementitious composite mat

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GB2142353A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-01-16 Norman Wharton Shock pad for synthetic sports turf

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US2958593A (en) * 1960-01-11 1960-11-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Low density open non-woven fibrous abrasive article
US3026190A (en) * 1958-12-02 1962-03-20 American Viscose Corp Elastomer bonded abrasives
US3075222A (en) * 1959-11-04 1963-01-29 Butcher Polish Company Polishing pad
US3171151A (en) * 1961-04-04 1965-03-02 Armour & Co Cleaning and polishing article
US3175331A (en) * 1964-07-13 1965-03-30 Union Carbide Corp Cleaning and scouring pad
US3232729A (en) * 1963-05-01 1966-02-01 Carborundum Co Flexible abrasive coated cloth
US3431689A (en) * 1965-03-29 1969-03-11 Armour & Co Scouring pad

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US3026190A (en) * 1958-12-02 1962-03-20 American Viscose Corp Elastomer bonded abrasives
US3075222A (en) * 1959-11-04 1963-01-29 Butcher Polish Company Polishing pad
US2958593A (en) * 1960-01-11 1960-11-01 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Low density open non-woven fibrous abrasive article
US3171151A (en) * 1961-04-04 1965-03-02 Armour & Co Cleaning and polishing article
US3232729A (en) * 1963-05-01 1966-02-01 Carborundum Co Flexible abrasive coated cloth
US3175331A (en) * 1964-07-13 1965-03-30 Union Carbide Corp Cleaning and scouring pad
US3431689A (en) * 1965-03-29 1969-03-11 Armour & Co Scouring pad

Cited By (91)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910284A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-10-07 Norman Orentreich Method of treating human skin
US4133144A (en) * 1976-12-16 1979-01-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Abrasive disc of polyurethane bonded metallic wool
US4227350A (en) * 1977-11-02 1980-10-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low-density abrasive product and method of making the same
US4359096A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-11-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguisher
US4841684A (en) * 1986-08-05 1989-06-27 Hall Jr E Winthrop Surface-finishing member
US4893439A (en) * 1987-04-14 1990-01-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article containing helically crimped fibers
US5185964A (en) * 1989-01-18 1993-02-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
US5396737A (en) * 1989-01-18 1995-03-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
USRE35021E (en) * 1989-01-18 1995-08-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
EP0379361B1 (en) * 1989-01-18 1993-07-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compounding, glazing or polishing pad
US5030496A (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-07-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low density nonwoven fibrous surface treating article
AU618180B2 (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-12-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Low density nonwoven fibrous surface treating article
US5129519A (en) * 1989-09-05 1992-07-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging container
WO1992001536A1 (en) * 1990-07-16 1992-02-06 Gigi Products, Inc. Scrubb puff
AU644682B2 (en) * 1990-07-16 1993-12-16 Gigi Products, Inc. Scrubb puff
US5282900A (en) * 1992-03-19 1994-02-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven surface treating articles, system including same, and method of treating calcium carbonate-containing surfaces with said system
US5685935A (en) * 1992-08-24 1997-11-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of preparing melt bonded nonwoven articles
US5389032A (en) * 1993-04-07 1995-02-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article
US5458962A (en) * 1993-08-11 1995-10-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven surface treating articles and methods of making and using same
US5539042A (en) * 1993-08-11 1996-07-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Aqueous, coatable, thermally condensable composition
US5605749A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-02-25 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven pad for applying active agents
US5756161A (en) * 1995-11-14 1998-05-26 The Dial Corporation Scouring pad and process for making same
US5955417A (en) * 1995-11-14 1999-09-21 The Dial Corporation Scouring pad
US6081959A (en) * 1996-07-01 2000-07-04 Umbrell; Richard Buffer centering system
US5738697A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-04-14 Norton Company High permeability grinding wheels
US5738696A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-04-14 Norton Company Method for making high permeability grinding wheels
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ES144497Y (es) 1974-04-01
FR2000330A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-09-05
ES144497U (es) 1969-04-16
JPS4911115B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-14
GB1258621A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-30
DE1901040A1 (de) 1970-02-19
CH529615A (de) 1972-10-31
DE1901040B2 (de) 1975-09-11

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