US3532476A - Method of producing a metallic multilaminated tube - Google Patents

Method of producing a metallic multilaminated tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US3532476A
US3532476A US862263A US3532476DA US3532476A US 3532476 A US3532476 A US 3532476A US 862263 A US862263 A US 862263A US 3532476D A US3532476D A US 3532476DA US 3532476 A US3532476 A US 3532476A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
layer
metallic
multilaminated
niobium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US862263A
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Peehs
Heinz Schorner
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
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Publication of US3532476A publication Critical patent/US3532476A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00—Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49865—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part by temperature differential [e.g., shrink fit]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
    • Y10T29/49927—Hollow body is axially joined cup or tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
    • Y10T29/49934—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall by axially applying force

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to method of producing a metallic multilaminated or compound tube and more particularly to a method according to our Pat. No. 3,461,523 issued Aug. 19, 1969.
  • we disclose a method of producing a metallic multilaminated tube having at least one electrically insulating lamination wherein we spray a layer of insulating material on an elongated metallic member and move the insulation-coated metallic member and a hollow metallic tube, having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the insulation-coated member, axially relative to one another so as to locate the metallic tube around the insulation-coated member.
  • the insulating layer consists, for example, of A1 0 ZrO or BeO and is applied to the metallic member by a conventional plasma spraying technique.
  • This method of our aforementioned patent is especially suited for producing anode tubes of cylindrical thermionic converters which are formed, for example, of a respective inner and outer niobium tube as well as of a layer of insulation, suitably ground or cut in accordance with its purpose, disposed between the two niobium tubes.
  • Such multilaminated or compound tubes must possess as high a thermal conductivity as possible in addition to having adequate insulating resistance and, as a further requirement, these characteristics should remain constant over very long periods of time i.e. even for years.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a multilaminated tube produced in accordance with the method of our Pat. No. 3,461,523 and a component of the apparatus employed in carrying out that method;
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the multilaminated tube produced by the improved method of th instant application.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view of the encircled region shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 a multilaminated threelayer tube produced by the method of our aforementioned patent.
  • the tube of FIG. 1 is made up of an inner hollow tube 1 of niobium, for example, such as the anode of a thermionic tube, which is coated with a layer 3 of aluminum oxide by a conventional plasma spray method, for example. After the desired thickness of the insulating layer has been achieved, it is externally worked by polishing so that a close union is afforded to a tube 2, also for example of niobium, that is thereafter fitted thereon.
  • niobium for example, such as the anode of a thermionic tube
  • the tube 2 initially has a slightly larger diameter than the previously coated inner anode tube but is heated at progressive locations alon the length thereof by a highfrequency induction coil 4 to a temperature at which the tube 2 attains a substantially plastic state, andtensile stress is applied in the direction of the arrow P simultaneously for deforming the respective plastic portion of the tube 2 and tightly fitting the tube onto the previously formed two-layer tube 1, 3.
  • a highfrequency induction coil 4 to a temperature at which the tube 2 attains a substantially plastic state
  • tensile stress is applied in the direction of the arrow P simultaneously for deforming the respective plastic portion of the tube 2 and tightly fitting the tube onto the previously formed two-layer tube 1, 3.
  • This assembly which is especially suitable for thermionic converters employed Within nuclear reactors, must be operable uninterruptedly for at least two years during which it is cooled by liquid sodium to a temperature of about 700 C.
  • the inner surface of the multilaminated tube assembly forms one wall of the converter gap wherein cesium having a vapor pressure of about 4 torr is contained.
  • the temperature differential between the inner and outer wall thereof should not exceed 1 C. for a heat flow of 1 watt per square centimeter.
  • the temperature differential across the inner and outer walls was found to be from 3 to 4.5 C., however. Accurate tests disclosed that this rather poor thermal conductivity was due to insufficient thermal contact between the metal and the A1 0 layer resulting from the following causes.
  • a layer 3 of A1 0 was applied to the hollow metal tube 1 it was necessary to completely melt the A1 0 particles, requiring for example the expenditure of 12 kw. heat energy. This was possible, however, only if nitrogen were employed as working gas.
  • This gas formed a nitride layer on the niobium tube 1 which became decomposed when cooled, causing a decrease in thermal contact between 3 the niobium tube 1 and the A1 layer 3 due to the formation of a fine, i.e. narrow, gap or space between the adjacent surfaces thereof.
  • This phenomenon was found to be preventable according to our invention by applying a layer 52, according to one example of our invention, of an alloy Nlgo'crgo, having a melting point of 1440 C., to the niobium tube 1 before spraying the insulating layer 3 thereon.
  • a thin coating of copper is first applied to the niobium tube 1 by a spray technique or galvanically.
  • the copper coating 51 melted momentarily and wetted the surface of the niobium tube 1 as well as the opposing surface of the NiCr layer 52.
  • the Ni-Cr layer 52 was not attacked by the nitrogen working gas and was partly melted by the application of the ceramic A1 0 layer so as to provide thereby a relatively good contact with the A1 0 particles.
  • the thermal connection or bond between the insulating layer 3 and the outer niobium tube 2 is produced.
  • the nickel-chrome alloy is again initially sprayed onto the insulating layer 3 to form a layer 61 thereon, and a thin copper layer 62 is again applied to the nickel-chrome layer 61.
  • the outer niobium tube 2 is sweated onto the thus-formed mutilaminated tubular assembly 1, 51, 52, 3, 61, 62 in the manner disclosed in our Pat. No. 3,461,523.
  • the outer copper layer 62 accordingly melts and, upon cooling, in effect solders the nickel-chrome layer 61 to the outer niobium tube 2.
  • the spacing between the tubes 1 and 2 can be extremely small, such as for example of the order of magnitude of from 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
  • the thickness of the A1 0 insulating layer is then about 0.15 to 0.2 mm.
  • Collector tubes produced by the method of the instant application exhibit a temperature differential of from 0.7 to 1 C. with respect to unity of the heat flow density and consequently meet the aforementioned requirement.
  • a multilaminated tube having at least one electrically insulating lamination by spraying a layer of insulating material on an elongated metallic member, moving the insulation-coated metallic member and a hollow metallic tube, having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the insulationcoated member, axially relative to one another so as to locate the metallic tube around the insulation-coated member, heating the metallic tube in zones progressively along the length thereof to a temperature at which the material of the tube is in plastic state, and simultaneously applying tensile stress to the metallic tube in the longitudinal direction thereof, so as to deform the plastic material in the heated Zones whereby the metallic tube is shrink-fitted onto the insulation-coated metallic member, the improvement which comprises applying both to the elongated metallic member, before spraying the latter with the layer of insulating material, and to the layer of insulating material thereafter, at least one layer, respec tively, of metal having a lower melting point than that of the insulating layer and relatively good wetting characteristics with respect to the metal
  • Method according to claim 2 which comprises initially applying to the elongated metallic member a coating of metal having good wetting characteristics relative to the material of the elongated metallic member.
  • Method according to claim 4 which comprises ap plying to the metal layer initially applied to the insulating layer a coating of metal having good wetting characteristics relative to the material of the metallic tube.
  • the working gas is nitrogen
  • the elongated metallic member and the metallic tube are formed of niobium
  • the metal coatings having good wetting characteristics are formed of copper
  • the metal layers resistant to attack by the nitrogen are formed of a niobium-chromium alloy
  • the insulating material is a ceramic selected from the group consisting of A1 0 ZrO and BeO.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
US862263A 1968-10-01 1969-09-30 Method of producing a metallic multilaminated tube Expired - Lifetime US3532476A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681800307 DE1800307B1 (de) 1968-10-01 1968-10-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Mehrschichtenverbundrohres

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3532476A true US3532476A (en) 1970-10-06

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US862263A Expired - Lifetime US3532476A (en) 1968-10-01 1969-09-30 Method of producing a metallic multilaminated tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3532476A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1800307B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2019593A6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1239005A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863328A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-02-04 Copperweld Steel Co Method of making a Composite steel tubing
US4238658A (en) * 1976-03-08 1980-12-09 Ioffe Benyamin A Method of assembly of nonmagnetic current-conducting components
US4377897A (en) * 1981-08-04 1983-03-29 Ocular Associates Ophthalmic needle and method for manufacturing the same
US4449281A (en) * 1982-03-16 1984-05-22 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing multiple-wall, composite tubular structures
US4745245A (en) * 1986-10-31 1988-05-17 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a clad tube through use of induction heating
US20030094209A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2003-05-22 Suncall Corporation Two-layer clad pipe and method for making the same
US20110017305A1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Mogas Industries, Inc. Tubular Member with Thermal Sleeve Liner
US20140102875A1 (en) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-17 Silvia De Dea Target material supply apparatus for an extreme ultraviolet light source

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2218366A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-15 Teledyne Mec Method for assembling travelling wave tube

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2609595A (en) * 1948-05-18 1952-09-09 Kellogg M W Co Method of forming laminated pressure vessels
US2781308A (en) * 1945-04-12 1957-02-12 Edward C Creutz Neutronic reactor control
US3009484A (en) * 1958-09-08 1961-11-21 Arvin Ind Inc Sound attenuating laminated pipe
US3010355A (en) * 1957-06-10 1961-11-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method for making a rocket motor
US3279028A (en) * 1964-05-01 1966-10-18 Rca Corp Method of manufacturing thermionic energy converter tube
US3318340A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-05-09 Nat Res Corp Metal product
US3368084A (en) * 1964-07-31 1968-02-06 Rca Corp Cascaded thermionic energy converter tube
US3461523A (en) * 1965-11-06 1969-08-19 Siemens Ag Method of producing a multilaminated tube

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2781308A (en) * 1945-04-12 1957-02-12 Edward C Creutz Neutronic reactor control
US2609595A (en) * 1948-05-18 1952-09-09 Kellogg M W Co Method of forming laminated pressure vessels
US3010355A (en) * 1957-06-10 1961-11-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method for making a rocket motor
US3009484A (en) * 1958-09-08 1961-11-21 Arvin Ind Inc Sound attenuating laminated pipe
US3279028A (en) * 1964-05-01 1966-10-18 Rca Corp Method of manufacturing thermionic energy converter tube
US3318340A (en) * 1964-06-19 1967-05-09 Nat Res Corp Metal product
US3368084A (en) * 1964-07-31 1968-02-06 Rca Corp Cascaded thermionic energy converter tube
US3461523A (en) * 1965-11-06 1969-08-19 Siemens Ag Method of producing a multilaminated tube

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863328A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-02-04 Copperweld Steel Co Method of making a Composite steel tubing
US4238658A (en) * 1976-03-08 1980-12-09 Ioffe Benyamin A Method of assembly of nonmagnetic current-conducting components
US4377897A (en) * 1981-08-04 1983-03-29 Ocular Associates Ophthalmic needle and method for manufacturing the same
US4449281A (en) * 1982-03-16 1984-05-22 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing multiple-wall, composite tubular structures
US4745245A (en) * 1986-10-31 1988-05-17 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a clad tube through use of induction heating
US20030094209A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2003-05-22 Suncall Corporation Two-layer clad pipe and method for making the same
US20110017305A1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Mogas Industries, Inc. Tubular Member with Thermal Sleeve Liner
US8783279B2 (en) 2009-07-24 2014-07-22 Mogas Industries, Inc. Tubular member with thermal sleeve liner
US20140102875A1 (en) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-17 Silvia De Dea Target material supply apparatus for an extreme ultraviolet light source
US9392678B2 (en) * 2012-10-16 2016-07-12 Asml Netherlands B.V. Target material supply apparatus for an extreme ultraviolet light source
US9632418B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2017-04-25 Asml Netherlands B.V. Target material supply apparatus for an extreme ultraviolet light source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1800307B1 (de) 1970-06-04
GB1239005A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-14
FR2019593A6 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-03

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