US3532435A - Apparatus for supporting,heating and simultaneously illuminating a plurality of test tubes - Google Patents

Apparatus for supporting,heating and simultaneously illuminating a plurality of test tubes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3532435A
US3532435A US568289A US3532435DA US3532435A US 3532435 A US3532435 A US 3532435A US 568289 A US568289 A US 568289A US 3532435D A US3532435D A US 3532435DA US 3532435 A US3532435 A US 3532435A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
oven body
passages
nesting
passage
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US568289A
Inventor
Dieter Boser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mettler Instrumente AG
Original Assignee
Mettler Instrumente AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mettler Instrumente AG filed Critical Mettler Instrumente AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3532435A publication Critical patent/US3532435A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • G01N25/48—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a measuring head for thermal analysis and more particularly to a measuring head having an oven body of thermoconductive material fitted with electric heating elements, in which the upper end face of the oven body is penetrated by a plurality of longitudinally extending nesting passages for receiving test tubes.
  • An object of the invention is a measuring head of the kind outlined, in which each of said nesting passages is intersected by an observation passage extending transversely to the axis of the respective nesting passage and terminating in the outer side face of said oven body, and in which the lower end face of said oven body is penetrated by a lighting passage terminating substantially at the centre of said oven body, said lighting passage incorporating means for the simultaneous illumination of the specimens to be analysed which are inserted in said test tubes.
  • at least some of said nesting passages may terminate in the end face of said lighting passage, each of these nesting passages being intersected by an observation passage at a location above from said end face. At least some other of said nesting passages have their bottom ends below the level of the upper end of said lighting passage, each of these other nesting passages being intersected by an observation passage which is disposed at.
  • the measuring head of the kind outlined may comprise in addition a light conductor of heatresistant glass, the top end face of which being of conical shape in order thereby to achieve an emergence of light in both an axial and radial direction, said light conductor being inserted in the lighting passage of the measuring head and virtually filling the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of vertical cross section taken through the oven body of the measuring head
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the oven body shown in FIG. 1, the radially extending observation passages and the central lighting passage being shown in broken lines.
  • the oven body 3 consisting of copper or aluminum, is made as a solid block and is shaped like a circular cylinder having a vertical axis of rotation. Close to its outer cylindrical surface is inserted a heating coil 4 which extends helically over the entire height of the oven body.
  • the latter is provided with a lighting passage 5 penetrating centrally from its bottom end face.
  • the upper end face 6 of the lighting passage 5 is located approximately in the middle of the axial height of the oven body 3.
  • a plurality of nesting passages is provided, in groups, each of which is concentric with the axis of the oven 'body.
  • the passages 7, 8 and 9 of larger cross section which are situated more closely to the axis of the oven body 3 open out into the lighting passage 5 directly at its top face 6.
  • the nesting passages 10, 11 and 12 of the smaller cross section which are somewhat more remote from the axis of the oven body 3, have their bottom ends below the level of the top end of the lighting passage 5 as shown in FIG. 1. Intersecting each of these nesting passages is a separate observation passage extending in a radial direction through the oven body 3 as far as its cylindrical outer face.
  • the observation passages 13-, 14 and 15 associated with the inner nesting passages 7 to 9 extend from a zone above the top face 6 of the lighting passage 5, as is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the observation passages 16, 17 and 18 which are associated with the outer nesting passages 10 to 12, on the other hand, are disposed at such a height in the oven body 3 that they are continued equiaxially and terminate at the upper part of the lighting passage 5 or at the conical end face 6 thereof. Inserted in the lighting passage 5 and virtually filling the same is a light conductor 19 of heatresistant glass. Its conical top face 20 achieves an emergence of light in both an axial and a radial direction. Finally, at a suitable place, the oven body 3 has yet a further passage 21 of small cross section which serves to accommodate a thermojunction 22 by means of which the temperature of the oven body can be measured.
  • a lamp 23 is provided in the measuring head, near the underside of the light conductor 19. Furthermore, opposite the outlet orifice of each of the observation passages 13 to 18, a photoelectric cell is provided. These photoelectric cells are denoted by the reference numerals 24 to 29 in the drawings.
  • the lamp 23 and the photoelectric cells 24 to 29 are mounted on a jacket surrounding the oven body 3 and at a distance thereof, while the oven body 3 is likewise braced against the jacket in a heatinsulating manner. For reasons of clarity, however, the aforesaid jacket of the measuring head and the fixing means for holding the aforesaid measuring head components are not shown in the drawings.
  • test tubes 30 to 32 can be inserted into the passages 7 to 9.
  • the specimens which they contain are illuminated from below and the initiation of any specific occurrence is observed by means of the scattered light emerging from the specimens and passing radially out through the observations passages 13 to 15. Observation in the scattered light is for example advantageously used for determining the boiling point of liquids.
  • test tubes 33 to 35 in the outer nesting passages 10 to 12 and to observe the specimens contained therein in the light passing radially outwardly and through the said specimens.
  • This has proved expedient for example in determining the melting point of the specimens.
  • the case may also arise that a specific occurrence can only be observed with sufficient reliability by simultaneous observation of scattered light and permeating light.
  • the substance which is to be examined can for example be distributed over test tubes 30 and 35.
  • the possibility of individual observation of the specimens located in each of the test tubes makes it possible, to carry out comparative, error or differential measurements easily, automation of thermal analysis being possible, if necessary, with the aid of the photoelectric cells.
  • the measuring had is versatile in application. Apart from conventional absolute measurements of boiling and melting points, thermal analysis may be carried out in order to check the purity of substances, to identify specimens of substances, for determining molecular weight and for carrying out investigations to determine optical magnitudes of specimens of substances.
  • a measuring head for thermal analysis comprising an oven body of thermoconductive material fitted with electric heating elements, in which the upper end face of said oven body is penetrated by a plurality of longitudinally extending nesting passages for receiving test tubes, in which each of said nesting passages is intersected by an observation passage extending transversely to the axis of the respective nesting passage and terminating in the outer surface of said oven body, and in which the lower end face of said oven body is penetrated by a lighting passage terminating at an end face substantially at the centre of said oven body, said lighting passage incorporating illuminating means for the simultaneous illumination of the specimens to be analyzed which are inserted in said test tubes.
  • said il luminating means comprise a light conductor of heatresistant glass, the top end face of said light conductor being of conical shape in order thereby to achieve an emergence of light in both axial and radial directions, said light conductor being inserted in said lighting passage and virtually filling the same.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Description

Oct. 6, 1970 D. BOSER 3,532,435
APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING. HEATING AND'SIMULTANEOUSLY1 nwmmmme A PLURALITY 0F TEST TUBES Filed July 27. 1966 v 2 Sheets-$heet 1 4 T TOR/V5 v.
Oct. 6, 1970 D. BOSER 3,532,435
APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING, HEATING AND SIMULTANEOUSLY ILLUMINATING A PLURALITY OF TEST TUBES 1 Filed July 27, 1966' 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENT0R 049W flow/L,
ATTORNEY.
United States Patent Office Patented Oct. 6, 1970 3,532,435 APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING, HEATING AND SIMULTANEOUSLY ILLUMINATING A PLURAL- ITY OF TEST TUBES Dieter Boser, Zurich, Switzerland, assignor to Mettler Instrumente AG, Zurich, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland Filed July 27, 1966, Ser. No. 568,289 Claims priority, application Switzerland, Mar. 2, 1966, 2,979/ 66 Int. Cl. G01n N10 US. Cl. 356-246 4 Claims This invention relates to a measuring head for thermal analysis and more particularly to a measuring head having an oven body of thermoconductive material fitted with electric heating elements, in which the upper end face of the oven body is penetrated by a plurality of longitudinally extending nesting passages for receiving test tubes.
An object of the invention is a measuring head of the kind outlined, in which each of said nesting passages is intersected by an observation passage extending transversely to the axis of the respective nesting passage and terminating in the outer side face of said oven body, and in which the lower end face of said oven body is penetrated by a lighting passage terminating substantially at the centre of said oven body, said lighting passage incorporating means for the simultaneous illumination of the specimens to be analysed which are inserted in said test tubes. In an improved embodiment of such a measuring head at least some of said nesting passages may terminate in the end face of said lighting passage, each of these nesting passages being intersected by an observation passage at a location above from said end face. At least some other of said nesting passages have their bottom ends below the level of the upper end of said lighting passage, each of these other nesting passages being intersected by an observation passage which is disposed at.
such height in said oven body that they are continued equiaxially and terminate at the upper part of said light-' ing passage. The measuring head of the kind outlined may comprise in addition a light conductor of heatresistant glass, the top end face of which being of conical shape in order thereby to achieve an emergence of light in both an axial and radial direction, said light conductor being inserted in the lighting passage of the measuring head and virtually filling the same.
These and other objects and the advantages of the invention will best be understood from the following description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows, in simplified form, a measuring head for thermal analysis according to the invention.
FIG. 1 is a view of vertical cross section taken through the oven body of the measuring head, and
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the oven body shown in FIG. 1, the radially extending observation passages and the central lighting passage being shown in broken lines.
The oven body 3, consisting of copper or aluminum, is made as a solid block and is shaped like a circular cylinder having a vertical axis of rotation. Close to its outer cylindrical surface is inserted a heating coil 4 which extends helically over the entire height of the oven body. The latter is provided with a lighting passage 5 penetrating centrally from its bottom end face. The upper end face 6 of the lighting passage 5 is located approximately in the middle of the axial height of the oven body 3. Furthermore, starting from the top of the oven body, a plurality of nesting passages is provided, in groups, each of which is concentric with the axis of the oven 'body. The passages 7, 8 and 9 of larger cross section which are situated more closely to the axis of the oven body 3 open out into the lighting passage 5 directly at its top face 6. On the other hand, the nesting passages 10, 11 and 12 of the smaller cross section, which are somewhat more remote from the axis of the oven body 3, have their bottom ends below the level of the top end of the lighting passage 5 as shown in FIG. 1. Intersecting each of these nesting passages is a separate observation passage extending in a radial direction through the oven body 3 as far as its cylindrical outer face. The observation passages 13-, 14 and 15 associated with the inner nesting passages 7 to 9 extend from a zone above the top face 6 of the lighting passage 5, as is shown in FIG. 1. The observation passages 16, 17 and 18 which are associated with the outer nesting passages 10 to 12, on the other hand, are disposed at such a height in the oven body 3 that they are continued equiaxially and terminate at the upper part of the lighting passage 5 or at the conical end face 6 thereof. Inserted in the lighting passage 5 and virtually filling the same is a light conductor 19 of heatresistant glass. Its conical top face 20 achieves an emergence of light in both an axial and a radial direction. Finally, at a suitable place, the oven body 3 has yet a further passage 21 of small cross section which serves to accommodate a thermojunction 22 by means of which the temperature of the oven body can be measured.
A lamp 23 is provided in the measuring head, near the underside of the light conductor 19. Furthermore, opposite the outlet orifice of each of the observation passages 13 to 18, a photoelectric cell is provided. These photoelectric cells are denoted by the reference numerals 24 to 29 in the drawings. The lamp 23 and the photoelectric cells 24 to 29 are mounted on a jacket surrounding the oven body 3 and at a distance thereof, while the oven body 3 is likewise braced against the jacket in a heatinsulating manner. For reasons of clarity, however, the aforesaid jacket of the measuring head and the fixing means for holding the aforesaid measuring head components are not shown in the drawings.
According to the thermal analysis which is to be effected, test tubes 30 to 32 can be inserted into the passages 7 to 9. The specimens which they contain are illuminated from below and the initiation of any specific occurrence is observed by means of the scattered light emerging from the specimens and passing radially out through the observations passages 13 to 15. Observation in the scattered light is for example advantageously used for determining the boiling point of liquids.
Furthermore, with the measuring head described, it is possible to insert test tubes 33 to 35 in the outer nesting passages 10 to 12 and to observe the specimens contained therein in the light passing radially outwardly and through the said specimens. This has proved expedient for example in determining the melting point of the specimens. However, the case may also arise that a specific occurrence can only be observed with sufficient reliability by simultaneous observation of scattered light and permeating light. Under these conditions, the substance which is to be examined can for example be distributed over test tubes 30 and 35. The possibility of individual observation of the specimens located in each of the test tubes makes it possible, to carry out comparative, error or differential measurements easily, automation of thermal analysis being possible, if necessary, with the aid of the photoelectric cells.
:Since the nesting passages 7 to 12 and the observation passages 13 to 18 associated therewith have but a small cross section and are distributed in a regular manner within the oven body 3, a temperature gradient occurs only in the zones adjacent the top and bottom faces of the the same temperature prevails everywhere.
By reason of the advantages which have been described briefly hereinbefore, the measuring had is versatile in application. Apart from conventional absolute measurements of boiling and melting points, thermal analysis may be carried out in order to check the purity of substances, to identify specimens of substances, for determining molecular weight and for carrying out investigations to determine optical magnitudes of specimens of substances.
I claim:
1. A measuring head for thermal analysis comprising an oven body of thermoconductive material fitted with electric heating elements, in which the upper end face of said oven body is penetrated by a plurality of longitudinally extending nesting passages for receiving test tubes, in which each of said nesting passages is intersected by an observation passage extending transversely to the axis of the respective nesting passage and terminating in the outer surface of said oven body, and in which the lower end face of said oven body is penetrated by a lighting passage terminating at an end face substantially at the centre of said oven body, said lighting passage incorporating illuminating means for the simultaneous illumination of the specimens to be analyzed which are inserted in said test tubes.
2. The invention as recited in claim 1, wherein at least some of said nesting passages terminate in the terminating face of said lighting passage, each of these nesting passages being intersected by an observation passage at a location above said terminating face of said lighting passage.
3. The invention as recited in claim 1, wherein at least some of said nesting passages have their bottom ends below the level of the terminating face of said lighting passage, each of these nesting passages being intersected by an observation passage which is disposed at such a height in said oven body that they are continued equiaxially and terminate adjacent the terminating face of said lighting passage.
4. The invention as recited in claim 1, wherein said il luminating means comprise a light conductor of heatresistant glass, the top end face of said light conductor being of conical shape in order thereby to achieve an emergence of light in both axial and radial directions, said light conductor being inserted in said lighting passage and virtually filling the same.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1964 Hufi 356-40 9/1966 Williams et al. 356-39 XR

Claims (1)

1. A MEASURING HEAD FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS COMPRISING AN OVEN BODY OF THERMOCONDUCTIVE MATERIAL FITTED WITH ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS, IN WHICH THE UPPER END FACE OF SAID OVEN BODY IS PENETRATED BY A PLURALITY OF LONGITUDINALLY EXTENDING NESTING PASSAGES FOR RECEIVING TEST TUBES, IN WHICH EACH OF SAID NESTING PASSAGES IS INTERSECTED BY AN OBSERVATION PASSAGE EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY TO THE AXIS OF THE RESPECTIVE NESTING PASSAGE AND TERMINATING IN THE OUTER SURFACE OF SAID OVEN BODY, AND IN WHICH THE LOWER END FACE OF SAID OVEN BODY IS PENETRATED BY A LIGHTING PASSAID TERMINATING AT AN END FACE SUBSTANTIALLY AT THE CENTRE OF SAID OVEN BODY, SAID LIGHTING PASSAGE INCORPORATING ILLUMINATING MEANS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ILLUMINATION OF THE SPECIMENS TO BE ANALYZED WHICH ARE INSERTED IN SAID TEST TUBES.
US568289A 1966-03-02 1966-07-27 Apparatus for supporting,heating and simultaneously illuminating a plurality of test tubes Expired - Lifetime US3532435A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH297966A CH433818A (en) 1966-03-02 1966-03-02 Measuring head for performing thermal analyzes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3532435A true US3532435A (en) 1970-10-06

Family

ID=4245927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US568289A Expired - Lifetime US3532435A (en) 1966-03-02 1966-07-27 Apparatus for supporting,heating and simultaneously illuminating a plurality of test tubes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3532435A (en)
CH (1) CH433818A (en)
DE (2) DE1598792C3 (en)
GB (1) GB1087968A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1347294A3 (en) * 2002-03-19 2005-06-01 Bayer MaterialScience AG Automatic combustion test device
US20070242273A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-18 Gunther Krieg Spectroscopic device
CN106918533A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-07-04 中国科学技术大学 The measurement apparatus of smoke particle delustring scattering properties under a kind of low pressure

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2464718B (en) * 2008-10-24 2012-11-14 Bibby Scient Ltd Apparatus for measuring the melting point of a substance

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3158445A (en) * 1960-07-06 1964-11-24 Oxford Lab Apparatus for determining prothrombin time
US3271112A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-09-06 Donald L Williams Apparatus for laboratory testing

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3158445A (en) * 1960-07-06 1964-11-24 Oxford Lab Apparatus for determining prothrombin time
US3271112A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-09-06 Donald L Williams Apparatus for laboratory testing

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1347294A3 (en) * 2002-03-19 2005-06-01 Bayer MaterialScience AG Automatic combustion test device
US20070242273A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-18 Gunther Krieg Spectroscopic device
CN106918533A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-07-04 中国科学技术大学 The measurement apparatus of smoke particle delustring scattering properties under a kind of low pressure
CN106918533B (en) * 2017-02-27 2020-12-25 中国科学技术大学 Measuring device for extinction scattering characteristics of smoke particles under low pressure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH433818A (en) 1967-04-15
DE1598792C3 (en) 1974-10-17
DE1598792B2 (en) 1974-03-21
GB1087968A (en) 1967-10-18
DE1963623U (en) 1967-07-06
DE1598792A1 (en) 1970-04-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3713338A (en) Fiber optic liquid level indicator
Eriksen Paper chromatographic separation of the coproporphyrin isomers I and III
US3532435A (en) Apparatus for supporting,heating and simultaneously illuminating a plurality of test tubes
GB2212908A (en) Fluid level detector
FI84943C (en) Nuclear reactor probe control device
US3327204A (en) Fluid sample examining apparatus
US4592230A (en) Apparatus for and method of determining the liquid coolant level in a nuclear reactor
KR850006885A (en) Reactor Assembly
US3662587A (en) Thermal conductivity apparatus
US4113437A (en) Liquid storage device
US3712110A (en) Sample holder for selective thermoanalytical tests
US2692528A (en) Apparatus for visual detection of suspended matter in fluids
US2604392A (en) Apparatus for determination of aniline point
US3264474A (en) Phosphorimeter attachment for fluorometer
KR900015170A (en) Process and apparatus for inspecting the dimensions and shape of the guide and positioning members of the upper internal equipment in the pressurized water reactor
US2901902A (en) Laboratory dyeing machine
US4517153A (en) Device for removing cooling fluid, making it possible to locate defective arrays in a nuclear reactor in operation
US1625420A (en) Moisture guide for incubators
IT945661B (en) EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF A TEST SAMPLE WITH THE AID OF A LASER BEAM
SU650974A1 (en) Device for supporting and lowering heavy articles
US3134936A (en) Capacitor test cell for oxidation testing of oil
SU691734A1 (en) Apparatus for the determination of density of solids and liquids
US2923158A (en) Sample container for measuring the density of volatile liquids
SU916882A1 (en) Cryostat for optical investigations
US1916589A (en) Colorimeter