US3527927A - Process and apparatus for producing and reading arabic numbers on a record sheet - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for producing and reading arabic numbers on a record sheet Download PDF

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US3527927A
US3527927A US484935A US3527927DA US3527927A US 3527927 A US3527927 A US 3527927A US 484935 A US484935 A US 484935A US 3527927D A US3527927D A US 3527927DA US 3527927 A US3527927 A US 3527927A
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tracks
track
sub
recorded
recording
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Willem Jan Bijleveld
Adrianus Johannes Van De Toorn
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Nederlanden Staat
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Nederlanden Staat
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/04—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the shape

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  • FIG. 5 *.7 x z l GULDENS m
  • strips of rectangular areas are arranged so that they can be easily marked with both visually and machine readable digits over the printed indications by any person in his or her natural left to right sequence of writing Arabic numbers, with the position of that persons marks in each rectangular area making the sheet then machine readable.
  • An apparatus including an electronic circuit for reading these marks comprises a first plurality of horizontal scanning devices with one device for each digit indication in two of the horizontal rows; and a second plurality of vertical scanning devices, with one device for each row of indications, which vertical devices successively scan the edge of the card parallel to these rows as the card moves past them.
  • the circuit also includes AND-gates controlled by more than one of the first plurality of horizontal scanning devices to be responsive to the digit location or position marking in the third row of each code field strip on the card.
  • the invention relates to a record sheet the face of which is provided with a number of horizontally aligned figure recording tracks pre-printed in a visually perceptible but not machine detectable contrast, each of which tracks consists of three equally long contiguous horizontal subtracks placed below each other.
  • Two of these sub-tracks hereinafter referred to as figure sub-tracks, are divided into five aligned boxes, each of these ten boxes being preprinted with one of the Arabic figures from to 9 in a visually perceptible but not machine detectable contrast and intended for recording per track one visually as well as machine readable handwritten ligure corresponding to the figure pre-printed in the relevant box, the recorded gures constituting the visually readable number being at the same or approximately the same level.
  • the third subtrack hereinafter referred to as additional sub-track, which is preferably located between the two figure sub-tracks, is
  • each column the figures 0 to 9 are pre-printed in the respective marking positions. Recording a number is done by applying a machine detectable mark to one marking position in each column. The place of a marking column indicates which denomination of the number is recorded in it; the digit value of each domination depends on the position of the mark in the marking column.
  • the extreme right marking column is intended for the units, the adjacent column at the left of it for the tens, the next column toward the left for the hundreds, and so on. So each marking column of such a vertical code field is intended for a specified power of 10.
  • This arrangement of the code field urges the writer to record the figures from the right to the left, which is against the normal direction of writing. Only if the number of figures of the numerical datum to be recorded is equal to the number of marking columns, can the recording be effected from the left to the right without special precautions.
  • the scanning-technique frequently requires, for the sake of a reliability check on the scanning, that all the marking columns are marked, particularly in the case when the number of significant digits of a numerical datum is smaller than the number of marking columns. In practice this inequality often occurs, e.g. when amounts have to be recorded or numbers of a historically growing series. Thus e.g. the number of figures of postal account numbers varies from one to seven.
  • the writer has to record a number consisting of a number of figures smaller than the number of marking columns of a code field, he has rst to nd out the number of digits of the number to be recorded, next he has to look for the number of marking columns in the Vertical code lield or how many figures recording tracks is in a horizontal code field, then he has to ascertain the difference between these two numbers and to count out this dilerence, and then he can proceed to mark the lirst significant digit of the numerical datum in the proper column or track and to mark the digit zero in the columns or tracks that are not used.
  • Experiments have shown that in the case where numerical data consisting of different numbers of digits have to be recorded in succession, shifting errors frequently occur. Moreover this ever recurring necessity of calculating in which column or track the first significant gure of a number has to be recorded, or the unnatural recording from right to left provokes a permanent psychological resistance against the use of code fields for recording numbers.
  • the recording and scanning of figures requires four sub-tracks, namely two figure sub-tracks and 12) and two signal sub-tracks (11 and 13).
  • a uniform vertical dash is used to mark the signal tracks; and it is placed in the signal track 13 n case of an even figure and in track 11 in the case of an odd figure.
  • the writer can easily make a mistake by placing a mark indicating an even figure in the signal track 11 instead of in the signal track 13.
  • a further disadvantage of the code field in this British patent specification is the use of a uniform signal mark (a vertical dash) which according to the example in its FIG. 2 will not be able to be read at one glance by the general public and thus is a serious difficulty for its general use. Furthermore there is no proprio-ceptoric muscle control when the writer makes these uniform marks in the proper places for the different figures, and if a vertical dash is placed in the wrong position a third person cannot ascertain from the recorded information that a mistake has been made nor what has been the writers intention in that the vertical mark isnot a reproduction of the number or figure' which the marker wishes to record. This also is a serious drawback for large scale accounting systems as in clearing house services, in that such an error could only be found out if the information were recorded in the Arabic figures elsewhere on the information bearer, card or form.
  • a still further disadvantage of the code field according to this British patent specification consists in that it does not contain any information concerning the nature of the figures to be recorded, as for example the order of the figures, nor any protection against undesirable additions in case fewer figures have been inscribed than the codel field can record.
  • This invention relates to an information bearer or record sheet, the face of which is provided with a plurality of horizontally aligned figure recording tracks preprinted in a visually perceptible but not machine detectable contrast, each of which tracks consists of (a) three equally long contiguous horizontal sub-tracks or rows placed successively one below the other and (b) equally spaced vertical lines dividing these rows or each track into rectangular areas, one corresponding to each digit or figure of the longest number to be written or marked therein.
  • figure sub-tracks Two of these rows or sub-tracks, hereinafter referred to as figure sub-tracks, are divided into five aligned boxes, each of these ten boxes being pre-printed with one of the Arabic figures from 0 to 9 in a visually perceptible and at substantially the same insensitivity level, but not machine detectable contrast.
  • pre-printed boxes are intended for recording one visually as well as machine readable handwritten figure or digit per track, corresponding to the figure pre-printed in the relative box.
  • the third row or sub-track hereinafter referred to as the additional sub-track, preferably is located between the two figure sub-tracks, and is intended for marking in each rectangular area an indication, preprinted in the additional sub-track, concerning the nature of the figures to 'be recorded, such as for example the order or location of the figures or digits in a number, or the unit in which the figure to be recorded is expressed, such as first digit, second digit, third digit, etc.
  • the indication in the additional sub-track of the unused rectangular area or areas acts as a visually perceptible as well as a machine detectable additional mark which exhibits self-checking and error-preventing properties that can easily be effected in the normal sequence and the normal direction of writing from left to right.
  • the sheet has an edge parallel to the horizontally aligned rows or tracks, which edge is machine detectable for determining which row or sub-track is being read by the mark scanning devices.
  • the apparatus of this invention includes the information bearer or sheet as a part thereof, as well as a first row of scanning devices corresponding in spacing to each of the spaced boxes along the horizontal figure sub-tracks to respond only to the marks written therein, and a second row of scanning devices perpendicular to the first row of scanning devices corresponding in spacing to each of the parallel rows or sub-tracks in each of the code field strips on the information bearer, sheet, or card.
  • the outputs of all of the scanning devices are connected together in an AND-gate matrix for recording which position in each row has been marked, which position corresponds to the number to be recorded.
  • At least two of the horizontal row scanning devices are connected to another series of AND-gates for the sole detection of marks in this addiitonal sub-track, which marks must be long enough to simultaneously energize at least three adjacent scanning devices, so that in the event a person writes a figure in one of the figure sub-tracks which crosses the additional sub-track it will not be detected for a position indication or mark in the additional sub-track.
  • the record sheet provided with code fields according to the invention is free from the above-mentioned prior art disadvantages and in addition exhibits the advantages that it can be filled in by a heterogeneous public more easily and more accurately in the natural writing direction from left to right, that is, to begin writing in the first extreme left track, and that it allows of a machine check as to whether in each track only one and not more than one machine detectable figure or additional mark has been recorded.
  • the code iield of this invention contains provisions against fraudulent additions of one or more digits to a number which, as regards the number of digits, is smaller than the capacity of the code lield strip. This is done Iby cancelling out the words in the additional subtrack in the rectangular areas in which no figures have. to be recorded. This cancellation thus acts visually as well as being machine detectable, so that an automatic one out of eleven check device for each rectangular area in the code lield can be operated by the scanning devices in the machine or apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows one type of code field or strip marked with the visually perceivable but not machine detectable digits and digit positions in three horizontal rows or subtracks according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the code strip shown in FIG. 1 marked in accordance with the process of this invention with a specific number of digits less than there are rectangular areas for the digits;
  • FIG. 3 is a code strip according to this invention indicated in numerical amounts of Netherlands guilders and cents;
  • FIG. 4 is a code strip according to FIG. 3 marked for seventy-three (7 3) cents according to the process of this invention
  • FIG. 5 discloses three code strips similar to that shown in FIG. 3 in which 16 guldens and no cents is marked in three different manners, all of which are detectable similarly lby the apparatus of this invention;
  • FIG. 6 is a sample of a Netherlands post check card embodying two code strips according to this invention, one for the post check number of the party to whom payment is to be made, and the other for the amount to be paid to that party;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a card with a code strip according to this invention passing by two rows of scanning devices, one a horizontal row for each digit box in each row or ligure sub-track, and the other a vertical row for sensing each horizontal row on the card; and
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block wiring diagram of a matrix of AND-gates controlled by the vertical and horizontal rows of scanning devices shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 exemplies a horizontal code field consisting of seven ligure recording tracks, in which a number, e.g. a transfer account number, consisting of seven digits or fewer can be recorded. If in this example the number consists of seven digits, one box, pre-printed with the relevant ligure, is lilled in in each of the seven tracks. If in this example the number consists of six digits or fewer, these digits are recorded from the left on in the respective tracks, notably in the boxes pre-printed with the relevant digits.
  • a number e.g. a transfer account number
  • the words pre-printed in the "additional subtrack are lined through (see FIG. 2).
  • This cancellation is carried out in a visually perceptible as well as machine detectable contrast and acts as an additional mark that does not change the value of the recorded ligure, after which the recorded number is self-checking when scanned, because in each track one mark must occur in one of the eleven possible marking positions, i.e. either as a ligure in one of the ten ligure boxes occurring in the two ligure sub-tracks or as a horizontal dash, or the additional mark in the additional sub-track.
  • the ladditional mark in the shape of a horizontal dash is as long or at least practically as long as the cancelled words pre-printed in the additional sub-track, so that it can be detected in the machine by only a plurality of horizontal scannings.
  • a short accidental contrast between the two ligure sub-tracks, caused by a too long stroke of a ligure inscribed in one of the ligure sub-tracks can be distinguished from lan additional mark, because the length of an excessively long stroke seldom exceeds the width of a ligure box, while in practice an additional mark is always longer than twice the width of a box.
  • FIG. 2 exemplifies a horizontal code ield designed according to the invention, consisting of seven ligure recording tracks. in which the number 16435 has been recorded in such a manner that the down-stroke of the ligures 1, 3 and 5 and the up-stroke of the ligure 6 have been drawn through the additional sub-track, while additional marks have been placed in the sixth and the seventh track.
  • the code field according to the invention is quite suited for recording amounts in visually easily readable as Well as machine detectable figures, in such a manner that the total image of the recorder number can be read at one glance by a heterogeneous public, e.g. transfer account customers.
  • FIG. 3 exemplifies a code field for recording amounts to a maximum of fl 999.99.
  • the code iield of this example is divided into live figure recording tracks, in each of which the additional sub-track between the two figure sub-tracks contains an indication, notably from the left to the right hundered gulden (hundred guilders), tientjes (ten guilders), guldens (guilders), dubbeltjes (ten cents), centen (cents).
  • the tracks for dubbeltjes and centen may be marked either by inscribing a 0 in the zero boxes or by drawing additional marks through the words dubbeltjes and centen in the analogy of the common practice of Writing a dash after the decimal point in round amounts.
  • FIG. exemplifies how, according to the invention, an amount of jl 16.- can be recorded in three manners Without losing its self-checking properties.
  • FIG. 6 exemplifies a practical embodiment of a record sheet according to the invention in the shape of a transfer card on which the transfer account customer records the account number of the payee and the acount to be transferred in the figure recording tracks, boxes, and rectangular areas of code field strips in a manner as described above according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a part of the record sheet R having two figures and one additional sub-tracks.
  • the record sheet R is moved by pusher means M at a uniform speed in the direction of the arrow shown.
  • the information recorded on the record sheet R can be scanned by means of photo-electric cells located in the reading station S.
  • the sheet edge detecting photocells Fa, Fb, Fc and Fd are successively covered by the record sheet R.
  • the upper limit a of the figure recording tracks are just under the photoocells I1 through V5 of the reading station S. In the arrangement shown the scanning of each figure recording track requires five photocells.
  • the first figure is read by the photocells I1 to I5, the second figure by the photocells III to IIS, etc.
  • the limit b reaches the photocells of the scanning staiton, when the photocell Fb in the transport path is covered by the top edge of the record sheet.
  • the photocells I1 through V5 of the reading station S can be Connected to a circuit as shown in FIG. 8.
  • This circuit is intended for handling and recording only one figure or major rectangular area from only one figure recording track.
  • An identical circuit is used for each of the ohter figures or rectangular areas.
  • the output terminals of the photocells I1 to I5 are connected to the input terminals of the amplifiers V1 to V5.
  • the output terminal of the AND-gate P11 is positive when only the photocell Fa (FIG. 7) is covered. Therefore the output terminals of the photocells Fa to Fd are connected via amplifiers to triggers not shown.
  • the output terminals of these triggers are connected to logic circuits comprising the AND-gates P11, P12 and P13 which have inputs marked according to those photocells from which their corresponding two trigger output terminals are indicated with and without primes.
  • the output terminal of the amplifier V6 is connected to the input terminals of the AND-gates P1 to P5. If e.g. during the time when the output terminal of V6 is positive the photocell I1 detects a marked box on a record sheet R, there appears a positive pulse at the output terminal of the amplifier V1. At that time the output terminal of the AND-gate P1 is positive too, so that the trigger T1 is changed over. In an identical manner one of the triggers T1 to T5 can be changed over for one of the boxes 1 through 5 filled in with the first figure or number on the record sheet.
  • the lower part of the track is scanned by the reading station S during the time when the photocells Fa to Fc are covered. During that time the AND-gatel P12 is positive.
  • the output terminal of the amplifier V7 is connected to the AND-gates P6 to P10. If a figure appears in one of the boxes 6 through 0 one of the corresponding triggers T6 to T10 is changed over.
  • the circuit of FIG. 8 By means of the circuit of FIG. 8 the significant information of the record sheet R can be recorded in a number of triggers T1 through T11, etc. It is clear that the circuit can be completed with well-known checking circuits, e.g.: only one box may be filled in, etc.
  • the record sheet can also be moved on in a horizontal direction. In that case the reading station need only to contain three photocells, but provisions must be made then for horizontal synchronization.
  • An apparatus comprising:
  • a third row of AND-gate means (P14-P16) connected to said third AND-gate and to predetermined different adjacent pluralities of said scanning devices in said first row of scanning devices, said third row of AND-gate means being operated by extend over more than one of said adjacent 1ocations.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
US484935A 1964-09-09 1965-09-03 Process and apparatus for producing and reading arabic numbers on a record sheet Expired - Lifetime US3527927A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6410466A NL6410466A (fr) 1964-09-09 1964-09-09
NL6805360A NL6805360A (fr) 1964-09-09 1968-04-17

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US3527927A true US3527927A (en) 1970-09-08

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US484935A Expired - Lifetime US3527927A (en) 1964-09-09 1965-09-03 Process and apparatus for producing and reading arabic numbers on a record sheet

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US (1) US3527927A (fr)
CH (1) CH451570A (fr)
DE (1) DE1499439A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1110854A (fr)
NL (3) NL6410466A (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3663802A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-05-16 Ernest Wildhaber Record for machine scanning
US3676646A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-07-11 Ibm Document with chemically developable precisely defined alphanumeric characters
US3731065A (en) * 1970-10-08 1973-05-01 Pitney Bowes Inc Coded document
US3869600A (en) * 1969-09-10 1975-03-04 Albert M Hochstadt Manual character marking recognition system
US3914578A (en) * 1973-07-19 1975-10-21 Checkpoint Systems Inc Apparatus for and method of auditing business records
US3986001A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-10-12 Toaseiko Co., Ltd. Sales computer utilizing sensor pairs
USRE29104E (en) * 1971-08-18 1977-01-04 Cognitronics Corporation Method of scanning documents to read characters thereon without interference from visible marks on the document which are not to be read by the scanner
US4132976A (en) * 1975-09-08 1979-01-02 Siegal Richard G Operator readable and machine readable character recognition systems
US4149670A (en) * 1976-10-14 1979-04-17 Securities Industry Automation Corp. Mark-sense card
US4634850A (en) * 1983-10-12 1987-01-06 Drexler Technology Corporation Quad density optical data system
US5307423A (en) * 1992-06-04 1994-04-26 Digicomp Research Corporation Machine recognition of handwritten character strings such as postal zip codes or dollar amount on bank checks

Citations (13)

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US2310438A (en) * 1941-02-01 1943-02-09 Ibm Multiplying device
US2598155A (en) * 1946-03-26 1952-05-27 Gilbert L Betts Electric data processor
US2704634A (en) * 1949-06-04 1955-03-22 Rauch
US2831634A (en) * 1954-12-30 1958-04-22 Ibm Card synchronized timing unit
US3045905A (en) * 1959-05-21 1962-07-24 George J Tarasuk Punch card
US3052405A (en) * 1956-02-21 1962-09-04 Ibm High-speed column-by-column reading device
US3106706A (en) * 1957-08-08 1963-10-08 Stewart Warner Corp Railway car identification system
US3148460A (en) * 1963-03-04 1964-09-15 Electro Networks Inc Device for grading test papers
US3212203A (en) * 1963-02-12 1965-10-19 Robert L Silber Test grading machines
US3238357A (en) * 1961-08-28 1966-03-01 Ncr Co Photo-responsive clock for card reader
US3275806A (en) * 1958-10-20 1966-09-27 Cummins Chicago Corp Business record bearing coded indicia
US3316392A (en) * 1962-11-13 1967-04-25 Gen Electric Coded automatic identification system
US3350545A (en) * 1962-02-05 1967-10-31 Parnall & Sons Ltd Apparatus for sensing information on documents

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2310438A (en) * 1941-02-01 1943-02-09 Ibm Multiplying device
US2598155A (en) * 1946-03-26 1952-05-27 Gilbert L Betts Electric data processor
US2704634A (en) * 1949-06-04 1955-03-22 Rauch
US2831634A (en) * 1954-12-30 1958-04-22 Ibm Card synchronized timing unit
US3052405A (en) * 1956-02-21 1962-09-04 Ibm High-speed column-by-column reading device
US3106706A (en) * 1957-08-08 1963-10-08 Stewart Warner Corp Railway car identification system
US3275806A (en) * 1958-10-20 1966-09-27 Cummins Chicago Corp Business record bearing coded indicia
US3045905A (en) * 1959-05-21 1962-07-24 George J Tarasuk Punch card
US3238357A (en) * 1961-08-28 1966-03-01 Ncr Co Photo-responsive clock for card reader
US3350545A (en) * 1962-02-05 1967-10-31 Parnall & Sons Ltd Apparatus for sensing information on documents
US3316392A (en) * 1962-11-13 1967-04-25 Gen Electric Coded automatic identification system
US3212203A (en) * 1963-02-12 1965-10-19 Robert L Silber Test grading machines
US3148460A (en) * 1963-03-04 1964-09-15 Electro Networks Inc Device for grading test papers

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869600A (en) * 1969-09-10 1975-03-04 Albert M Hochstadt Manual character marking recognition system
US3663802A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-05-16 Ernest Wildhaber Record for machine scanning
US3676646A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-07-11 Ibm Document with chemically developable precisely defined alphanumeric characters
US3731065A (en) * 1970-10-08 1973-05-01 Pitney Bowes Inc Coded document
USRE29104E (en) * 1971-08-18 1977-01-04 Cognitronics Corporation Method of scanning documents to read characters thereon without interference from visible marks on the document which are not to be read by the scanner
US3914578A (en) * 1973-07-19 1975-10-21 Checkpoint Systems Inc Apparatus for and method of auditing business records
US3986001A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-10-12 Toaseiko Co., Ltd. Sales computer utilizing sensor pairs
US4132976A (en) * 1975-09-08 1979-01-02 Siegal Richard G Operator readable and machine readable character recognition systems
US4149670A (en) * 1976-10-14 1979-04-17 Securities Industry Automation Corp. Mark-sense card
US4634850A (en) * 1983-10-12 1987-01-06 Drexler Technology Corporation Quad density optical data system
US5307423A (en) * 1992-06-04 1994-04-26 Digicomp Research Corporation Machine recognition of handwritten character strings such as postal zip codes or dollar amount on bank checks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6805360A (fr) 1969-10-21
CH451570A (de) 1968-05-15
NL6410466A (fr) 1966-03-10
GB1110854A (en) 1968-04-24
NL129561C (fr)
DE1499439A1 (de) 1969-10-16

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