US3524991A - Static elements having logical functions - Google Patents

Static elements having logical functions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3524991A
US3524991A US651031A US3524991DA US3524991A US 3524991 A US3524991 A US 3524991A US 651031 A US651031 A US 651031A US 3524991D A US3524991D A US 3524991DA US 3524991 A US3524991 A US 3524991A
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Prior art keywords
winding
transformer
voltage
circuit
magnetic circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US651031A
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English (en)
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Jacques Peslier
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Jeumont Schneider SA
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Jeumont Schneider SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/80—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices
    • H03K17/82—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices the devices being transfluxors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/02—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components
    • H03K19/16—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits using specified components using saturable magnetic devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to static elements adapted to be arranged and fed in different manners in order to obtain, individually or in combination, elementary logical operations or a combination of elementary logical operations of the binary variable type having two stable states.
  • the elements which are the object of this invention, are particularly remarkable in that they enable to obtain logical circuits of the pure combination type or of the sequential type having a snap-action operation by using a limited number of discrete elements.
  • Another interesting particularity of these elements resides in the fact that they possess an intrinsic security, that is, a. security such that, all defects or changes altering their normal operation, constantly result in a similar output signal which is always interdictive and consequently adapted to eliminate all dangerous situations in a controlled use of these elements. In view of the latter characteristic, they are particularly well adapted, although not exclusively, in traffic signal installations for roads and railways.
  • these static elements are essentially constituted by a monophase transformer having a saturable magnetic circuit whose primary winding is fed through a resistor, by a source of alternative voltage and whose secondary winding supplies the output signal of the logical function, the saturable magnetic circuit of the said transformer being symmetrically located between the two poles of an inducting magnetic circuit having one or a plurality of parallel cores or branches equipped with coils adapted to be fed by a continuous current, some being connected to voltages taken in the logical circuit constituted by the element or associated elements, the others by the input magnitude of the logical function to create in certain conditions, the change in the state of the magnetic circuit of the transformer and thereafter, the one in the secondary voltage.
  • the element comprises in addition a magnet mounted in parallel with the terminals of the inducting circuit and (or) another magnet mounted to act on the magnetic circuit of the transformer, in combination with the inducting magnetic circuit.
  • the logical functions are obtained by the latters due to the siutable choice of the direction and of the value of the flux produced in the transformer by the inducting coils and eventually the permanent magnets, these diiferent parameters acting in combination. to saturate or desatura'te the magnetic circuit of the transformer, that is, to obtain at the terminals of the secondary winding, an alternative voltage which is nill or well defined.
  • FIG. 1 is an element whose operation is comparable to the one of a relay of the resting contact type
  • FIGS. 2A to 2B are elements associated with two coiled inducting branches for obtaining different logical functions
  • FIGS. 3A to 3B are elements arranged with two inducting branches, one being constituted by a permanent magnet,
  • FIG. 4 is an element whose operation is comparable to the one of a relay of the open contact type
  • FIG. 5 is a self-excitation logical element
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram representing two associated logical elements having complementary outputs
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram representing a timing logical element
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram representing a logical element operating with a null transition zone.
  • It consists of a transformer T fed by an alternative voltage U,, through a resistor R, and whose magnetic circuit is located, while reserving a double air gap of a predetermined value, between the poles of an inducting circuit M equipped with a control winding a adapted to be fed by continuous voltage U the latter voltage constitutes the input value of the considered element whose output signal is picked up at the terminals 3 and 4 of the secondary winding of the transformer T to feed a load S.
  • the control winding a being not energized, an alternative voltage is supplied by the secondary winding of the transformer, to the load S.
  • the alternative current absorbed increases and all the alternative voltage U is transferred on the resistance R; the voltage reaching at the terminals 3 and 4 becomes substantially null.
  • the logical element represented on FIG. 1 may be considered equivalent to an electromagnetic relay of the close contact type, that is, with closed contact when the coil of the relay is not excited. It enables to obtain the logical function NOT because:
  • the inducting circuit comprises two magnetic branches each equipped with one or two inducting windings, which develop, when they are energized, a flux of the same value which is oriented in the direction of the arrows.
  • the flux will pass in TS and will cancel the output value only if the fluxes created in each of the branches, are substantially equal and converging.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B enable to obtain respectively the logical functions AND and OR inclusive and the one of FIG. 2E, the logical function OR exclusive.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3B illustrate in a n'on-limitative way, some logical functions which may be obtained with elements constituted with a NS magnet producing a flux directed along the direction of the arrows. These functions may be represented by the following equations:
  • FIG. 4 A static element according to the above statement, is represented in FIG. 4.
  • Such an element is arranged as the one in FIG. 1, except that it comprises, in addition, a permanent magnet NS whose poles are inserted, while reserving appropriate values for the air gaps, between the ones of the inducting circuit and the magnetic circuit of the transformer T; the latter is consequently saturated in the absence of a continuous control voltage U,, from which results, in these conditions, a substantially null alternative voltage on the load S.
  • a flux having an apposite direction desaturates the magnetic circuit of the transformer T by deriving the flux of the magnet NS and for a determined value of the continuous current circulating in the Winding a, the potential between terminals 3 and 4 tends toward the nominal value corresponding to the transformation ratio.
  • the saturation of the outer magnetic circuit M approximately equals 80% of the nominal control voltage
  • FIGS. 2A to 2B and 3A to 3B The various logical diagrams set forth for the close contact element of FIG. 1 and which are illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2B and 3A to 3B, are equally valid for the open contact element illustrated in FIG. 4, with the exception of the OR diagrams, because the presence of the magnet NS requires a direction to the control magnetic flux.
  • FIG. 5 The logical element corresponding to this application is represented in FIG. 5. It is of the open type, that is with a magnet NS and its inducting circuit comprises two branches on which are applied, on one hand, two windings a connected in series, and on the other hand, two distinct windings c and d, the latter being connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T through a rectifying bridge P.
  • the fluxes produced by these various windings are substantially equal and of the same direction as indicated by the arrows.
  • the desaturation flux of the magnetic circuit of the transformer T is limited to the one produced by the addition of the windings a or c+d.
  • the winding c is previously energized by a direct current; in order to energize the load S, a voltage impulse U is transmitted to the winding a and the fluxes so produced in the two branches by the windings a and c converge on the transformer T and eliminate the magnetizing action from its magnet NS; a voltage appears at the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer T, the winding d and the load S are simultaneously fed and this feeding maintains itself, after the suppression of the volttage impulse, due to the demagnetizing action of the converging flux produced by the windings c and d.
  • the load S In order to bring the load S to a 0 state, it is sufiicient to break the current in the winding 0, the residual flux produced by the winding d being closed by the left-hand branch of the inducting circuit.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a second example of a logical sequential circuit which it is possible to obtain with the elements according to the invention. It is a circuit with complementary outputs comprsing an open element associated with a close element, in order to obtain an operation comparable to the one of a translator contact relay enabling, with only one control, to feed one load or another without overlapping.
  • This circuit which is shown in FIG. 6 is essentially composed of: an open element TA comprising as such, a permanent magnet NS, a close element RE, a load S fed through a rectifying bri lge P by the secondary winding of the transformer T or the elment TA, and a load S fed through the bridge T by the secondary winding of the transformer T of the element RE.
  • an open element TA comprising as such, a permanent magnet NS, a close element RE, a load S fed through a rectifying bri lge P by the secondary winding of the transformer T or the elment TA, and a load S fed through the bridge T by the secondary winding of the transformer T of the element RE.
  • On the inducting circuit of the open element TA there are located two windings a and b whose ampere-turns are equal and opposite.
  • the winding a is inserted in the circuit of the load S the winding b is coupled in series with the winding 0 mounted on the inducting circuit of the element RE; the windings b and 0 may be ifed through a control continuous voltage U
  • the load S is not fed because the magnetic circuit of the transformer of the element TA is saturated by the magnet NS; consequently, the primary winding of the transformer of the element RE which is coupled in series with the one of T under the alternative voltage U picks up practically all this voltage and a continuous current circulates in the load S and in the winding a.
  • the flux produced by the winding a increases the magnetizing action of NS on the magnetic circuit of the transformer of the element TA.
  • the delayed action must still be more increased, it can beprovided by an integrated condenser, as for example in -a control circuit such as the one illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the element considered for this use is an open element TA having a normally saturated transformer by a magnet NS.
  • the secondary winding of this transformer is adapted to lead to a load S and through a rectifying bridge P on a winding b located, as well as a control winding a on the inducting magnetic circuit of the element TA.
  • ampereturns of the windings a and b are concordant as shown by the arrows; they substantially have the same value; the inducting magnetic circuit is dimensionedto be saturated when the flux reaches the one produced either by the winding a or b.
  • a condenser C is loaded through a resistor R under a voltage which energizes a unijunction transistor UJ when it reaches approximately /a of the supply voltage U the delivered impulse by this transistor UJ makes the thyristor Th conducting in such a way that a condenser C which was loaded through the resistor R (the time constant of C R being slightly lower than the one of C R unloads itself on the control winding a whose ampere-turns have a tendency to produce a feedback flux in the transformer with the one of the magnet NS; a voltage appears at the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer of the element TA whose primary winding is fed under an alternative voltage U,,; this secondary voltage feeds the load S and through the bridge P, the winding b whose ampere-turns keep the logical element TA in a self-excitation state when the voltage U disappears. It is possible to break the current in the load S by causing
  • the curve representing this function illustrates, as desired, two plateaux corresponding, one to the control ampere-turns lower than a certain value AT the other to the control ampere-turns higher the value AT with a progressive transition from one plateau to the other when the ampereturns pass (from AT to AT or vice versa, but the difference between AT and AT is not completely negligible and, consequently, a zone of control ampere-turns exists where-in the operation of the element is, due to a lack of stability of the output value in a limited zone, incompatible with the obtention of certain performances. Therefore, an accidental reduction of the control ampereturns AT may lead to an indefinite value at the output.
  • FIG. 8 A logical element having the above-mentioned characteristics is illustrated in FIG. 8. It comprises an inducting magnetic circuit M and a magnetic circuit having a permanent magnet NS between the poles of which is located a transformer T whose primary winding is energized by a voltage U through a resistor R. The secondary winding of this transformer is connected to a rectifying bridge P and the rectified voltage is applied to a load S in series with a feed back winding m.
  • the non-operating zone of the element is reduced in relation to the ampere-turns of the control winding a and, consequently, the speed of the passage from the state 0 to the state 1 is increased at the output of the element.
  • the diagram shown in FIG. 8 will be selected for an open cont-act element, that is, which will be equipped with a permanent magnet, but, in this case, the reluc tances of the various branches will be determined so that the flux of the magnet NS, acting separately, does not completely saturate the magnetic circuit of the transformer T and the winding a will produce in the magnetic circuit M a flux opposed to the one of the magnet.
  • the direction of the flux is indicated by the arrow in dotted lines.
  • the magnet NS in the absence of a control current in the winding a, as soon as an alternative tension U is applied, the magnet NS does not sufficiently actuate the magnetic circuit of the transformer T to prevent the circulation of a rectifying current in the feedback winding m, and as this current tends to cancel the effect of the effect of the magnet NS on the magnetic circuit of the transformer T, it initiates the quick rocking of the logical element under consideration from the state to the state 1.
  • the magnetic circuit M in a strongly residual material in which a part of the magnetism remains after the elimination of the control current; this magnetic circuit M then comprises a compulsory supplementary winding dimensioned to create an antagonistic flux adapted to eliminate the residual magnetism.
  • an inductive magnetic device having two poles, an air gap between the poles, and one or plural input windings;
  • monophase transformer having a saturable magnetic circuit symmetrically located in the air gap of the inductive magnetic device, said transformer having a primary winding fed through an impedance by a source of alternating voltage and a secondary winding adapted to produce an output signal of the logic function performed by said static element, said primary and secondary windings being located on the saturable magnetic circuit of the transformer and positioned one on each side of the axis of the poles of the inductive magnetic device.
  • inductive magnetic device comprises one or plural parallel cores, each core being provided with one or plural inductive windings adapted to be energized by a source of continuous voltage.
  • the inductive magnetic device comprises at least two parallel cores, wherein at least one of said cores is provided with at least one winding adapted to be energized by a source of continuous voltage, and wherein at least one of the other cores consists of a permanent magnet.
  • inductive magnetic device has one core provided with two windings, one of said windings being energized by the rectified output voltage originating from the secondary winding of the transformer and connected in series with a secondary circuit which provides the output signal of the logic function, and the other winding being energized by a continuous voltage, the flux produced by each of said two windings being in the same direction.
  • inductive magnetic device has two cores in parallel, each core having two inductive windings, one winding of one of said cores being connected in series with one winding of the other core and said series connected windings being energized by a source of continuous control voltage, the third winding being energized by a continuous voltage and the fourth winding being energized by the rectified alternating output voltage of the secondary winding of said transformer.
  • timing circuit comprises a transistor, means to delay the conduction of said transistor when a control impulse is applied thereto, a thyristor connected in parallel with said one winding of the inductive magnetic device and adapted to be fired by said transistor, a capacitor in series with said one winding and adapted to be discharged through said on winding when the thyristor is fired.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Logic Circuits (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
US651031A 1966-07-06 1967-07-03 Static elements having logical functions Expired - Lifetime US3524991A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR68307A FR1494157A (fr) 1966-07-06 1966-07-06 Eléments statiques à fonctions logiques
FR81878A FR91534E (fr) 1966-07-06 1966-10-28 éléments statiques à fonctions logiques
FR87678A FR91561E (fr) 1966-07-06 1966-12-16 Eléments statiques à fonctions logiques

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US3524991A true US3524991A (en) 1970-08-18

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US651031A Expired - Lifetime US3524991A (en) 1966-07-06 1967-07-03 Static elements having logical functions

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US (1) US3524991A (de)
BE (2) BE700549A (de)
CH (1) CH477131A (de)
DE (1) DE1588733A1 (de)
ES (2) ES341729A1 (de)
FR (3) FR1494157A (de)
GB (1) GB1195733A (de)
GR (2) GR33896B (de)
NL (1) NL6708034A (de)
SE (1) SE336151B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3832566A (en) * 1969-06-19 1974-08-27 M Gerry Distortionless magnetic logic elements
US3876938A (en) * 1972-06-19 1975-04-08 Kabushikikaisha Tokyo Keiki To Magnetic switch for a pulse generator, receiver, and transducer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3229622A1 (de) * 1982-08-09 1984-02-09 Klöckner-Moeller Elektrizitäts GmbH, 5300 Bonn Schaltungsanordnung zur potentialtrennung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1739579A (en) * 1928-06-20 1929-12-17 Union Switch & Signal Co Electrical translating apparatus
US3235744A (en) * 1960-12-09 1966-02-15 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Electromagnetic alternating current switching device
US3275842A (en) * 1962-10-24 1966-09-27 Ibm Magnetic cross-field devices and circuits
US3428822A (en) * 1965-01-28 1969-02-18 Acec Circuit capable of producing a condition of incompatibility between two or several logic variables

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1739579A (en) * 1928-06-20 1929-12-17 Union Switch & Signal Co Electrical translating apparatus
US3235744A (en) * 1960-12-09 1966-02-15 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Electromagnetic alternating current switching device
US3275842A (en) * 1962-10-24 1966-09-27 Ibm Magnetic cross-field devices and circuits
US3428822A (en) * 1965-01-28 1969-02-18 Acec Circuit capable of producing a condition of incompatibility between two or several logic variables

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3832566A (en) * 1969-06-19 1974-08-27 M Gerry Distortionless magnetic logic elements
US3876938A (en) * 1972-06-19 1975-04-08 Kabushikikaisha Tokyo Keiki To Magnetic switch for a pulse generator, receiver, and transducer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR91561E (fr) 1968-07-05
DE1588733A1 (de) 1970-09-03
FR91534E (fr) 1968-06-28
GR34807B (el) 1968-06-28
SE336151B (sv) 1971-06-28
BE700549A (fr) 1967-12-01
CH477131A (fr) 1969-08-15
BE707492R (fr) 1968-04-01
ES341729A1 (es) 1968-07-01
GR33896B (el) 1968-02-15
FR1494157A (fr) 1967-09-08
ES348315A2 (es) 1969-03-01
NL6708034A (nl) 1968-01-08
GB1195733A (en) 1970-06-24

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