US3518492A - Triggering circuit for spark gap assemblies - Google Patents

Triggering circuit for spark gap assemblies Download PDF

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US3518492A
US3518492A US728604A US3518492DA US3518492A US 3518492 A US3518492 A US 3518492A US 728604 A US728604 A US 728604A US 3518492D A US3518492D A US 3518492DA US 3518492 A US3518492 A US 3518492A
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voltage
gap
spark
gaps
sparkover
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US728604A
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James S Kresge
Stanley A Miske Jr
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/10—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series

Definitions

  • a plurality of series connected main spark gaps are connected in shunt circuit relation with a voltage grading impedance network which includes a trigger gap that is connected though frequency responsive coupling means in shunt relation with approximately one-half of the series connected main spark gaps.
  • the trigger gap is operative, as a substantially linear function of a voltage impressed across the series connected gaps, to cause the main gaps to spark over in cascade fashion.
  • the triggered control network allows use of a large number of main gaps but with a controlled total sparkover very much less than the sum of the sparkover of the individual main gaps, thus, providing a desirably high ratio of reseal voltage to sparkover voltage for the main gap series circuit.
  • This invention relates to lightning arrester spark gaps and more particularly to improvements in triggered sparkover control circuitry for effecting cascaded sparkover of a plurality of series connected main spark gaps in a current limiting lightning arrester.
  • Conventional lightning arresters generally comprise a non-linear valve-type resistance element, or elements, electricall connected in series with a spark gap assembly between a pair of suitable terminals mounted on opposite ends of an insulated arrester housing.
  • the series circuit in the arrester is connected between the system and ground, to alford a discharge path to ground for the surge current.
  • the arresters valve type resistance elements present a high impedance to normal line voltage but a much lower impedance to high voltage surges.
  • the series spark gaps in their non-conducting condition, serve to seal the system from ground so that under normal operating conditions negligible current is conducted from the protected system through the lightning arrester to ground.
  • the arrester When the system protected by the arrester, is subjected to a high voltage surge that is then impressed across the terminals of the arrester, the spark gaps are sparked over and the valve type resistance presents a very low impedance to this surge, thus, discharging the surge to ground through the arrester. Following the discharge of the surge current, the arrester is normally resealed by the combined action of the valve resistor increasing its resistance to the lower voltage power-follow current, and the arc stretching action of horn gaps adjacent the individual main spark gaps.
  • the problems of consistent and predictable reseal at a suitably high ratio to sparkover voltage are substantially solved for lightning arrester applications with alternating current circuits, because the periodic zero voltage levels presented by the power-follow current from such circuits allows the arresters to be rescaled against a relatively high line voltage, even though the arresters could not be resealed with these techniques against such a line voltage if it were a direct current voltage.
  • a major advantage of our invention is that it provides means for regulating the sparkover and reseal voltages of a current limiting lightning arrester to afford a suitably high ratio of reseal to sparkover voltage for the arrester when used to protect a system transmitting either alternating or direct current.
  • series connected main spark gaps of a lightning arrester spark gap assembly are shunted by an impedance, which includes a trigger gap that is shunt connected by a frequency responsive coupling circuit, across approximately half of the main spark gaps in the spark gap assembly.
  • the impedance network causes the trigger gap to spark over at about half the voltage level required to sparkover the untriggered main spark gaps. Sparkover of the trigger gap initiates the cascaded sparkover of the main spark gaps so that a voltage surge is discharged through the arrester to ground.
  • a preionizer means is provided to improve the consistency ofsparkover of the trigger gap.
  • the trigger gap is rescaled or extinguished when the main gaps are sparked over and because of the short duration and low magnitude of current which it has caused it deionizes very quickly and will not-be reignitcd by the voltage developed across the main gaps as they reseal.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a lightning arrester having an improved ratio of reseal voltage to sparkover voltage.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a triggered voltage grading network for a spark gap assembly wherein the voltage across the trigger gap is a linear function of the voltage across the spark gap assembly.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a plurality of series connected spark gaps with a triggered, voltage' grading impedance network, which is operative to cause the cascaded sparkover of the series connected spark gaps while affording uniform voltage distribution across the individual spark gaps.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a multigap spark gap assembly having a consistent sparkover voltage level, which is not affected by minor variations in the respective spacings or dimensions of the individual 'main spark gaps in the assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram and schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of the invention shown with respect to a power transmission system.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing there is shown a conductor 1 of a high voltage power transmission system connected by a second conductor 2 to a terminal 3.
  • the terminal 3 and a second terminal 4 diagrammatically represent respective terminals mounted on oposite ends of a suitable lightning arrester housing (not shown).
  • a valve type nonlinear resistor schematically shown by the block 5, series connected by a suitable conductor 6 to a plurality of spark gap assemblies, which are illustrated respectively by the dotted outlines A and B.
  • the component parts in the respective spark gap assemblies A and B are substantially identical in structure and function; accordingly, like reference numerals will be used to designate similar parts in the assemblies A and B.
  • spark gap assemblies are shown in the drawing for purposes of simplifying the description of the invention, any suitable number of such assemblies may be employed in a series connected arrangement to form lightning arrester structures having various given ratings, as is well known in the lightning arrester art.
  • Each of the spark gap assemblies A and B contains a plurality of series connected main spark gaps 7, 8, 9, and 10 and one (or more) coil-shunting spark gap 11.
  • alternating-protective means such as a nonlinear valve type resistor
  • electrically connected in series with the main spark gaps 7-10 and in shunt relation with the coil gap 11 is a suitable electromagnetic coil 12 that serves to develop an electromagnetic field substantially perpendicular to a plane through the main spark gaps 7-10, and the horn gaps associated with these spark gaps, when powerfollow current flows through the arrester from the transmission line 1 to ground.
  • the magnetic fields thus developed by the respective coils l2 electrodynamically reinforce the arc-moving action of the respective horn gaps that comprise an integral structural part of the main spark gaps 7-10.
  • each spark gap assembly, A and B is provided with an impedance network including the following components:
  • a plurality of main spark gap ionizer means which may be blocksof suitable preionizing material such as mica, or capacitances 13, which are shunt connected respectively across each of the main spark gaps 7-10 and electrically connected in series with each other.
  • capacitances 13 are shown in FIG.
  • a second series circuit including a pair of nonlinear resistors 14 and a pair of linear resistors 15 electrically connected in series with a capacitor 16. And, conductors 17 which serve to cross connect the respective elements 14, 15, and 16 in shunt relation with the capacitance ionizers 13 and the electromagnetic coil 12, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the two uppermost main spark gaps 7 and 8 of assembly A and the two lowermost main spark gaps 9 and 10 of assembly B are shunted respectively by capacitors 18 and 19.
  • a trigger gap 20 is electrically connected as shown in FIG. 1 through a frequency responsive coupling means 21, comprising a paralleled capacitor 21a and resistor 21b, to a terminal 22 that forms a common junction point between spark gap assemblies A and B.
  • Trigger gap 20 may also be energized through a voltage grading circuit comprising a pair of substantially identical linear resistances 23, 23 electrically connected in series with a pair of substantially identical nonlinear resistors 24, 24 which are connected between the outermost terminals of spark gap assemblies A and B, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a preionizer spark gap 25 is disposed adjacent trigger gap 20 to ionize the trigger gap 20 at a voltage lower than the un-ionized sparkover voltage of the trigger gap, when a predetermined voltage is impressed across the lightning arrester terminals 3 and 4.
  • a nonlinear resistor 26 is electrically connected in series with a linear resistor 27 and these two components are connected in series with the preionizer gap 25, which is shunt connected across a linear resistor 28 to thus form a third series circuit that is in shunt relation with the two outermost terminals of spark gap assemblies A and B.
  • the combination of resistors 26 and 27, or either one of these resistors separately may be paralleled by a capacitor 29. In the preferred form of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, only the resistor 27 is shunted by the capacitor 29'.
  • a corona type ionizer gap 20a is shunted by a resistor 20!; and disposed in a series circuit with coupling capacitor 20c, adjacent to and shunted across trigger gap 20.
  • the spacing of gap 20 is larger than the spacing of the gap 20 shown in FIG. 1.
  • components 23 through 29 shown in FIG. 1 are not necessary, and are omitted from this simplified embodiment of the invention.
  • this modified form of preionized trigger circuit may be connected to like numbered terminals 22 and 31, of the spark gap assembly arrangement shown in FIG. 1 as assemblies A and B, as indicated. In operation, the
  • the respective components for the frequency responsive coupling means 21 should always be selected to provide a time constant that will allow capacitor 21a to be discharged through resistor 21b in the shortest time interval anticipated between successive overvoltage surges on the particular protected transmission line 1, with which the invention is to be used.
  • the value of linear resistor 27 should be sufficient to limit the current through preionizer gap 25 both when a surge voltage is passed at relatively low impedance through nonlinear resistor 26, and when reverse voltage builds up across spark gap assemblies A and B as they reseal, so that the gap 25 will not be eroded, causing it to change its sparkover voltage level. It will also be appreciated that in the preferred embodiment of our invention shown in FIG.
  • the sparkover voltage of trigger gap 20 is preset to approximately one-quarter of the untriggered sparkover voltage of the series connected spark gap assemblies A and B, since in this embodiment the trigger gap 20 is shunt connected across approximately one-half of this series circuit, i.e., across spark gap assembly B.
  • the trigger gap 20 would be set to sparkover at a different proportion of the over-all untriggered sparkover voltage of the series connected spark gap assemblies.
  • the preionizer gap 25 is adapted to sparkover and ionize trigger gap 20 when approximately 25 percent of the sparkover voltage of trigger gap 20 is developed by linear resistor 28 across the ionizer gap 25.
  • this ratio of sparkover between the ionizer gap 25 and trigger gap 20' can be varied within wide limits in diiferent embodiments of the invention.
  • the nonlinear resistors 14, 24 and 26, respectively disposed in the three shunt connectetd series circuits between the terminals 3 and 4 of the protective lightning arrester present a high impedance to line voltage, no appreciable current is discharged from the transmission line 1 through the arrester or its impedance network to the ground terminal 4.
  • the impedance network components 12-19 are selected to grade the voltage across the spark gaps 7-11 so that the voltage across the endmost gaps 7 and 10 of each spark gap assembly A and B is slightly greater than the voltage across the inner main gaps 8 and 9.
  • the grading is so chosen to give a slight upset in voltage distribution at normal operating voltages because it is desirable to have a uniform distribution of voltage occur between the gaps 710 at the clearing voltage of the arrester, which voltage is somewhat greater than the normal operating voltage.
  • the voltage across trigger gap 20 is always maintained equal to one-half of the normal line voltage since the pairs of resistors 23 and 24 are identical in value, respectively.
  • a very small part of the normal line voltage appears across the ionizer gap 25, since linear resistor 28 comprises a small part of the series impedance in the circuit including nonlinear resistor 26 and linear resistor 27.
  • the voltage across trigger gap 20 also continues to rise and when the voltage grading network comprising the pairs of resistors, 23 and 24, causes a potential approximately equal to the normal line voltage to be applied across the trigger gap 20, this gap sparks over. Since capacitor 21a in the frequency responsive coupling means 21 cannot support an instantaneous voltage, the sparkover of trigger gap 20 essentially connects the terminal 22, between spark gap assemblies A and B, to ground potential and the entire surge voltage, i.e., approximately twice normal line voltage is suddenly impressed across spark gap assembly A. The main spark gaps in spark gap assembly A are then sparked over by the grading network 12-19 in the sequence; spark gap 9, spark gap 10, spark gap 8, spark gap 7 and finally the coil gap 11.
  • spark assembly B sparks over completely, it short circuits the trigger gap 20 and, thus, rapidly clears the arc across this gap 20.
  • power-follow current from transmission line 1 is momentarily discharged through the sparked over main gaps 7-10, but due to the current limiting action of the sharply increased impedance value presented by nonlinear resistor 5 to these much lower voltages, and the arc stretching, current limiting effect of the horn gaps associated with each of the main spark gaps 7-10, a reverse voltage is rapidly built up across the spark gap assemblies A and B. Because of the preset sealing characteristics of the main spark gaps 7-9, when this reverse voltage reaches approximately percent of the triggered sparkover voltage of spark gap assemblies A and B, i.e.
  • the main spark gaps 7-10 clear and the lightning arrester is resealed.
  • the impedance network, 13-15 and 17-18 uniformly distributes the line voltage across the main spark gaps 7-10 so that none of these gaps can restrike. Trigger gap does not restrike as the reverse voltage builds up above normal line voltage to the point where it reseals spark gap assemblies A and B, because it is designed to spark over only when twice normal line voltage, rather than 80 percent of that value is present at terminal 3.
  • the ionizer gap may be sparked over by the reverse voltage as it exceeds normal line voltage, but the current limiting action of linear resistor 27 prevents damage to the electrodes of ionizer gap 25 during the short interval that this gap is sparked over piror to the time that line Voltage stabilizes at its normal value following reseal of main gaps 7-9.
  • the voltage across trigger gap 20 is a linear function of the voltage across the series circuit including spark gap assemblies A and B.
  • the bias effect normally present when linear-nonlinear triggered control circuits are utilized to cascade spark gap assemblies of lightning arresters is minimized with our invention.
  • sparkover voltage of trigger gap 20 is essentially independent of whether the voltage is increased from zero to its sparkover value, or from a previously set DC. bias value of either the same or opposite polarity with respect to the overvoltage surge applied to the trigger gap 20.
  • spark gap assembly A and B embodying the operating components discussed above with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the spark gap assembly A and B comprises a pair of end terminal plates and 31 mounted on opposite ends of a plurality of stacked porous insulating discs 32 through 43.
  • the main spark gaps 7-10 are disposed respectively between adjacent pairs of insulating discs 32-43 in spark gap arcing chambers defined by the abutting upper and lower surfaces of the respective discs, in any suitable manner.
  • the discs 32-43 may be assembled in the manner described more fully in U.S. Pat. No. 3,131,273, E. W. Stetson, issued Sept. 29, 1964 and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • the main spark gaps 7-10 are not visible in FIG. 2, their respective locations are designated by the reference numerals 7, 8, 9 and 10, and the gaps are electrically connected in series, with electromagnetic coils 12, as shown by the circuit diagram in FIG. 1.
  • Bus bars 44 and 45 are connected respectively at 44' and 45' to end terminal plates 30 and 31 to form an electrical connection between these respective members.
  • the bus bars 44 and 45 are mounted on opposite ends of an insulating board 46 which shields the operating components of the circuit of our invention from the housing of spark gap assemblies A and B.
  • Electrically connected in a series circuit between the bus bars 44 and 45 are a pair of nonlinear resistors 24 and a pair of identical linear resistors 23.
  • the parallel coupling circuit 21, comprising capacitor 21a and linear resistance 21b, is electrically connected to terminal 22 and the upper end of spark gap electrode 20, comprising electrodes 20' and 20".
  • Shunting the voltage grading impendance network for trigger gap 20 is another series circuit comprising a nonlinear resistor 26 electrically connected in series with a linear resistor 27 and a second linear resistor 28 between bus bars 44 and 45.
  • ionizer gap 25 which is disposed adjacent the trigger gap 20.
  • capacitor 29 Electrically connected in series with the ionizer gap 25 and in shunt with the resistor 27.
  • Capacitors Rating in picofarads 13a 12 With this arrangement, since it is desired to have a ratio of reseal to sparkover voltage of approximately 80 percent, the sparkover voltage for the series connected assemblies A and B should be approximately 16 kilovolts. Accordingly, the trigger gap 20 is manually preset to sparkover at 8 kilovolts. As noted above, the voltage grading network comprising the linear resistors 23 and nonlinear resistors 24 serves to equally divide the voltage applied across the spark gap assemblies A and B so that one-half of the supplied voltage is impressed across the trigger gap 20. Therefore, the values of the resistors 23 and 24 can vary between fairly wide limits, the important parameter being that they divide the voltage equally.
  • linear resistors 23 It is also desirable to maintain the value of linear resistors 23 large enough to limit the sparkover current so that the contacts of trigger gap 20 will not be eroded enough to cause them to change their sparkover level.
  • the values of resistance in the ionizer circuit including ionizer gap 25 also may vary within wide limits, it only being necessary to select the relative values of resistors 27 and 28 so that when a high frequency, high voltage surge is impressed across this series circuit the ionizer gap 25 will spark over when the voltage level across the spark gap assemblies A and B is approximately 13 kilovolts, or roughly 75 percent of the voltage level required to sparkover the trgiger gap 20.
  • the magnitude of linear resistor 27 should be suificient to prevent erosion of the ionizer gap 25 when it is sparked over.
  • This feature is particularly important in the ionizer circuit because, as noted above, the ionizer gap remains sparked over for a relatively long period of time, both while the high voltage surge is being discharged and during the reverse voltage build up that reseals the spark assemblies A and B.
  • a total of eight series connected gaps having a total uniformly graded sparkover of about 40 kilovolts is controlled to yield a total sparkover voltage of 16 kilovolts with a circuit that maintains uniform voltage distribution, to enhance clearing or resealing of the arrester at a total voltage of 12 kilovolts.
  • a spark gap assembly comprising means defining a plurality of main spark gaps electrically connected in a first series circuit, a trigger gap connected in shunt relation with a first portion of said first series circuit including a predetermined number of said main spark gaps, impedance means electrically connected in series with said trigger gap in said shunt circuit relation, whereby a predetermined proportional increment of a voltage across said first series circuit is impressed across said trigger gap, said trigger gap having a sparkover voltage substantially higher than the sparkover voltage of one of said main gaps and substantially lower than the sparkover voltage of the first series circuit when it is not triggered.
  • a spark gap assembly as defined in claim 2 including means for grading a voltage across said first series circuit to distribute substantially equal voltages across each of said main gaps at their desired reseal voltage rating.
  • a spark gap assembly as defined in claim 1 including preionizing means to preionize said trigger gap, and means to energize said preionizing means in response to a voltage across said first series circuit such that said trigger gap is ionized at a voltage lower than its sparkover voltage.
  • said preionizing means comprises a preionizer spark gap disposed adjacent the trigger gap and adapted to sparkover at a voltage lower than the sparkover voltage of said trigger gap, and means electrically connecting said preionizer gap in shunt relation with said first series circuit.
  • a spark gap assembly as defined in claim 2 in combination, with an insulating lightning arrester housing, a nonlinear resistance material disposed in said housing, means for mounting said spark gap assembly in said housing, electric terminals disposed adjacent opposite ends of said housing, and means electrically connecting said first series circuit of said spark gap assembly in series with said nonlinear resistance material between said terminals.
  • said electromagnetic means comprises at least one conducting coil disposed around the spark gap assembly and electrically connected in series with said first series circuit through said assembly, and including protective means shunting said coil to prevent it from being damaged by an overvoltage surge.
  • a spark gap assembly as defined in claim 5 wherein said means for grading voltage comprises an impedance network including a plurality of series connected ionizer capacitances, each of said series connected ionizer capacitances respectively being shunt connected across one of said main spark gaps.
  • a plurality of spark gap assemblies comprising a plurality of main spark gaps electrically connected in a first series circuit, means electrically connecting each of said first series circuits in series to form a larger series circuit, at least one trigger gap connected in shunt circuit relation with at least one portion of said larger series circuit, said trigger gap having a sparkover voltage substantially higher than the sparkover voltage of one of said main gaps and substantially lower than the sparkover voltage of said larger series circuit when it is not trigered, a block of nonlinear resistance material, a pair of terminals disposed respectively adjacent opposite ends of said arrester, means electrically connecting said larger series circuit in series with said block of nonlinear resistance material between said terminals, and means forming a voltage grading circuit between said terminals whereby a predetermined portion of a voltage impressed across said terminals is applied across said trigger gap when at least some of said main spark gaps are not sparked over.
  • preionizer means electrically connected between said pair of terminals and disposed adjacent said trigger gap, said preionizer means being operative to ionize said trigger gap at a voltage lower than the sparkover voltage of said trigger gap in response to a predetermined voltage being impressed across said pair of terminals.
  • each of said capacitive grading means including a plurality of electrical capacitances of various predetermined size connected to form a third series circuit through its respective spark gap assembly hunting the second series circuit in that assembly.
  • each capacitance in said plurality of electrical capacitances comprises a preionizer means electrically connected and mechanically positioned such that each of the main spark gaps is shunted respectively by a different preionizer means disposed in ionizing relation thereto.
  • the means forming a voltage grading circuit for impressing a voltage across the trigger gap comprises a second series circuit between said terminals shunting said larger series circuit and including series connected linear and nonlinear impedances, said trigger gap being shunt connected across a predetermined number of said impedances.
  • a lightning arrester comprising at least one nonlinear resistance element electrically connected in series with a plurality of series connected spark gap assemblies, a predetermined number of said assemblies comprising: a plurality of main spark gaps electrically connected in a first series circuit, at least one trigger gap connected in shunt circuit relation with a predetermined number of said main spark gaps, said trigger gap having a sparkover voltage substantially higher than the sparkover voltage of one of said main gaps and substantially lower than the sparkover voltage of said first series circuit when it is not triggered, and means for energizing said trigger gap in response to a predetermined voltage being impressed across said lightning arrester.
  • a spark gap assembly as defined in claim 25 in combination with modular mounting means in each of said assemblies for mounting said trigger gap and means for energizing said trigger gap in a predetermined relatively fixed relation with respect to said first series circuit.
  • a lightning arrester comprising a plurality of spark gap assemblies electrically connected to form a discharge circuit, a predetermined number of said assemblies being provided with control means for accurately regulating the sparkover voltage of the assembly, whereby the sparkover voltage of said discharge circuit is accurately regulated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
US728604A 1968-05-13 1968-05-13 Triggering circuit for spark gap assemblies Expired - Lifetime US3518492A (en)

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US (1) US3518492A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH499907A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1922814A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2008416A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1233511A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE353989B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5075023U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-11-15 1975-07-01
US4004193A (en) * 1975-03-17 1977-01-18 General Electric Company Voltage surge arrester with capacitive grading and improved sparkover for fast impulses
US4029997A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester arrangement
US4174530A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-11-13 General Electric Company Voltage surge arrester device
US4760486A (en) * 1985-08-28 1988-07-26 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Protection device against flashover in a transmitter circuit
US4799125A (en) * 1986-09-05 1989-01-17 Raychem Limited Circuit protection arrangement
EP1627400A4 (en) * 2003-05-29 2009-11-11 Hubbell Inc DISCONNECT ASSEMBLY FOR STOP DEVICE HAVING CAPACITOR AND RESISTANCE
CN115513925A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-23 西安神电电器有限公司 一种直流避雷器的谐波功耗补偿方法及直流避雷器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890389A (en) * 1955-03-24 1959-06-09 Gen Electric Lightning arrester improvements
US3348100A (en) * 1965-03-22 1967-10-17 Gen Electric Sparkover control circuit for lightning arrester shunt gap unit
US3414759A (en) * 1966-12-01 1968-12-03 Ohio Brass Co Spark gap unit for lightning arresters

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890389A (en) * 1955-03-24 1959-06-09 Gen Electric Lightning arrester improvements
US3348100A (en) * 1965-03-22 1967-10-17 Gen Electric Sparkover control circuit for lightning arrester shunt gap unit
US3414759A (en) * 1966-12-01 1968-12-03 Ohio Brass Co Spark gap unit for lightning arresters

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5075023U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-11-15 1975-07-01
US4029997A (en) * 1973-12-21 1977-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester arrangement
US4004193A (en) * 1975-03-17 1977-01-18 General Electric Company Voltage surge arrester with capacitive grading and improved sparkover for fast impulses
US4174530A (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-11-13 General Electric Company Voltage surge arrester device
US4760486A (en) * 1985-08-28 1988-07-26 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Protection device against flashover in a transmitter circuit
US4799125A (en) * 1986-09-05 1989-01-17 Raychem Limited Circuit protection arrangement
EP1627400A4 (en) * 2003-05-29 2009-11-11 Hubbell Inc DISCONNECT ASSEMBLY FOR STOP DEVICE HAVING CAPACITOR AND RESISTANCE
CN115513925A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-23 西安神电电器有限公司 一种直流避雷器的谐波功耗补偿方法及直流避雷器

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DE1922814A1 (de) 1969-11-20
CH499907A (de) 1970-11-30
GB1233511A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-26
FR2008416A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-23
SE353989B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-02-19

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