US3517966A - Guiding system for a boring machine - Google Patents

Guiding system for a boring machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3517966A
US3517966A US734999A US3517966DA US3517966A US 3517966 A US3517966 A US 3517966A US 734999 A US734999 A US 734999A US 3517966D A US3517966D A US 3517966DA US 3517966 A US3517966 A US 3517966A
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United States
Prior art keywords
machine
boring
head
tunnel
axis
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Expired - Lifetime
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US734999A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marcel Montacie
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LES TRAVAUX SOUTERRAINS
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LES TRAVAUX SOUTERRAINS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C7/00—Tracing profiles
    • G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier

Definitions

  • a guiding system for a continuous tunnel-boring machine comprising a rotatable boring head supported by sliding shoes fixed to the head carrier forming the front part of the frame and on which is exerted the advancing thrust from anchoring shoes on the wall, disposed at the two ends of a transverse element carrying a steering cabin connected resiliently to a sliding caisson, on which are displaced the sliding faces parallel to the axis of rotation of the head and presented by bearers forming the rear part of the said frame, characterized in that at least two sliding shoes are disposed on either side of the vertical plane of symmetry of the machine and insuring its stable steering with the help of an optical system associated with a sighting device, both of which being xed toward the rear end of the frame and disposed in such a manner that the cutting front is approximately the optical image
  • the present invention relates to a continuous boring machine operating by the combined action of the rotation of the boring head and of a thrust exerted on the latter along its axis from the lateral walls of the already excavated tunnel; it is more particularly concerned with a machine in which the stability of the head and the permanent control of the position of the latter increase the precision of the boring operation.
  • the existing machines still raise several problems of which the two main ones are firstly that of the lack of stability of the front portion of the main part forming the base carrying the boring head and secondly that of the lack of visibility of the attacking front of the tools when concealed by the head which carries them.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to each of these problems.
  • the stability of the machine according to the invention is found to be decidedly improved by the replacement of these three sliding shoes by only two shoes which are disposed symmetrically on either side of the vertical plane of symmetry, which shoes are sufficiently spaced to avoid them having any contact with the boring debris and of which the articulated structure participates in the stability of the machine.
  • the stability is improved by providing a third shoe exerting ⁇ an appropriate thrust by means of a jack, on the top of the gallery and situated in the same cross-sectional plane of the tunnel as the other two.
  • control arrangement based simultaneously on the rigidity of the machine frame and on the properties of optical systems, makes it possible to know at any instant the position of a point of the boring head situated in the cutting plane and as la consequence to take instantaneously the appropriate measures for brngingthis point 4back to the reference line of the datum points provided for the tunnel along the topographically established path.
  • a sight facing the cutting front is arranged on the main part of the frame, towards the end opposite to the boring head, while an optical system fixed to the same part and ending in a reflecting face is interposed between the sight and cutting front, said reflecting face -providing a virtual image. ⁇ of the sight on the cutting front and returning the light towards the tunnel entry, that is to say, towards a control apparatus.
  • the optical arrangement installed on the frame of the boring machine permanently indicates, by means of the virtual image established on the cutting front, the absolute position of a single point of the boring head in contact with the said cutting front, and secondly, by means of the control apparatus, the position of the said point in relation to the optical axis of the latter is established, and it is thus possible to regulate the advance of the machine so as constantly to maintain this position.
  • a continuously operating tunnel-boring machine comprising a rotary boring head, the weight of which is supported by sliding shoes xed to the head-support forming the front part of the framel and on which is exerted the advancing thrust from anchoring shoes on the wall disposed at the two ends of a transverse element carrying a steering cabin resiliently connected to a caisson with slide members, on which the sliding faces are displaced parallel to the axis of rotation of the head and presented by beams or bearers forming the rear part of the said frame, is characterised in that at least two sliding shoes are disposed on either side of the vertical plane of symmetry of the machine and in that an optical system, associated with a sight, is fixed toward the rear of the frame and disposed in such a way that the cutting front is conjugate with the said sight in the said optical system and has optical.
  • FIG. l is an elevational view of a known tunnel-boring machine.
  • FIG. 2 is an outline of a boring machine in action in a straight cylindrical tunnel.
  • FIG. 3 is a section on the line III-III of FIG. 2, showing the slinding shoes according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the arrangement according to the invention for controlling by a tachymeter the position of the boring head mounted on the machine.
  • FIG. 5 ⁇ is a diagrammatic view of the boring machine provided with a control arrangement having a projector providing a beam of parallel light rays.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a machine equipped with a modification of the previous control arrangement having a lens and mirror xed on the frame.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic View of a non-linear tunnel equipped with means serving for the optical deviation of the controlling light beam and disposed at intervals along its Wall.
  • the boring machine comprises a rotary head 1 (FIG. 1) turning in the head carrier 2 formingthe front end of the machine frame, while the rear end 3 slides in a caisson 4 resiliently connected to the steering box 5 carried by a transverse portion terminated at its two ends by anchoring shoes on the wall of the tunnel and not shown.
  • a rotary head 1 (FIG. 1) turning in the head carrier 2 formingthe front end of the machine frame, while the rear end 3 slides in a caisson 4 resiliently connected to the steering box 5 carried by a transverse portion terminated at its two ends by anchoring shoes on the wall of the tunnel and not shown.
  • the rotary head 1 is driven by the motor 6 and its axis of rotation 7 is coincident with that of the straight cylindrical gallery 8 already excavated.
  • Power jacks 9 bearing on the side wall of the tunnel transmit the thrust through the head carrier 2 to the tools of the head 1, which are respectively a triple cone 10 at the centre and milling rollers such as 11, thus bearing on the cutting front 12.
  • the tools cut circular recesses into the rock, causing the latter to be progressively broken away, the waste dropping to the ioor of the cutting front 12 before being collected by the peripheral buckets 13, which then discharge the said waste at the top of their travel into a channel 14, by which it is conveyed on to the conveyor belt 15 for the discharge thereof.
  • a rigid sliding shoe 16 xed to the head or shield carrier 2 supports the major part of the weight of the machine situated in front of the latter.
  • the said shoe is thrust forwards by the jacks 9 during the boring operation and frequently upsets the stability of the head or shield 1 by the pressure which it exerts on the rock waste before it is discharged; furthermore, despite the coupled action of sliding jacks disposed at the two horizontal ends of the same cross-section and also that of the deformable sliding jack 17 bearing against the upper part of the gallery, the stability of the boring headv or shield is not assured.
  • the boring machine according to the invention Moving forwardly inthe direction of the arrow 18 (FIG. 2), the boring machine according to the invention, of which the main parts are indicated diagrammatically, avoids this defect, the space situated under the head support 2 being free.
  • the sliding shoe 16 (FIG. l) of machines has in fact been eliminated.
  • Two identical sliding shoes 19 (FIG. 3), responding particularly to one of the objectives ofthe invention, are disposed on either side of the vertical plane of symmetry of the machine, forming'the same angle with the latter, which can be between 4() and 60.'The Abottom of the conventional the machine thus being freed, the jerking movements i due to the hazards of compression of the rock waste are then avoided.
  • ⁇ A shoe 19 comprises two parts, a part 20 bolted on the head carrier 2 and another part 21 matching the form of the gallery on which it slides, and these two parts are connected to one another by a shaft 22, situated in a plane perpendicular to the axis 7 of the gallery and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry passing through the axis 7 of the said shoe.
  • the bearing surfaces of the shoes 19 are adapted to the weight of the machine and to the mechanical resistance of the earth to be traversed, so that the boring head is very stable, but during the boring operation, vibrations can be set up, and in order to damp these Vibrations, there is provided an articulated jack 23 placed in the same section as the shoes 19 and exerting a thrust on the top of the gallery by means of a hydraulic jack, the pressure of which is maintained by an oleopneumatic accumulator connected in parallel therewith.
  • the boring head forms an opaque screen and prevents the checking of its position at the level of the cutting front by the conventional topographical sighting means.
  • the arrangement forming the subject of the invention obviates this disadvantage by forming the virtual image 26 of a sighting device 25 on the cutting front 12 by means of an optical system 24 (FIG. 4).
  • an optical system 24 As the optical system 24 ends in reflecting surfaces facing towards the entrance to the gallery, this permits the visual observation of the image 26 by means of the tachymeter 27 mounted on a base 28.
  • the sighting device 25 being a luminous cross and the optical system 24 being a pair of plane mirrors disposed at an inclination of 45 on either side of the axis 7 of the gallery
  • the image 26 is a virtual luminous cross of the same dimensions as the sighting device and its centre has coordinates a and b in the cross-sectional plane of the cutting front: a is the abscissa and b is the ordinate measured along axes parallel to the respective horizontal axis xx and vertical axis zz of FIG. 3, the origin being positioned on the axis 7 of the gallery.
  • the observer On starting to cut the gallery, the observer, having placed his eye at 41 behind the tachymeter 27, ensures the focusing of the luminous spot 26 and adjusts the positioning so as to make the centre of the cross coincide with the intersection of the reticle in the eyepiece of the tachymeter.
  • the checking of the cutting of the straight cylindrical tunnel consists in ensuring that, during operation, the centre of the image 26 remains onthe axis 29 and, as soon as it deviates-therefrom, in giving the driver of the machine instructions for correcting this deviation.
  • the axis 7 of the tunnel as thus cut is then parallel to the optical axis 29.
  • a vsinglevmirror disposed in a cross-sectional plane of the gallery at an equal distance from the sighting device 2S and the cutting plane 12 would have been sufficient to give the virtual image necessary for checking purposes; however, the assembly of two mirrors has been used in order to raise the image 26 towards the upper part of the tunnel, so that the reflected rays 30 are directed towards the tachymeter without encountering any obstacles during their passage.
  • the optical system 24 can also be more complex: it is in fact known that anoptical system ending in a reflecting surface is equivalent to a spherical mirror, which can always be arranged so as to give a virtual image of the sighting device 25 on the cutting plane; however, this image will then no longer be of dimensions equal to those of the sighting device.
  • This method of control presumes the presence of two men, one on the machine for driving it and the other towards the entry to the tunnel, making the observations with the topographic apparatus. These two operators have to be connected by telephone in order to communicate with one another; otherwise, it would be necessary to have a closed circuit television system so that the driver of the machine would be able to see, on a television receiver situated in front of him, the image of the observation plane of the eyepiece, retransmitted by a corresponding television transmitter replacing the observer.
  • the light-emitting sighting device is replaced by a ground glass 31 (FIG. 5), on which are drawn two opaque lines, the point of intersection of which gives an image point of coordinates a and b by means of the two plane mirrors 24, forming part of the image 33 of the ground glass on the cutting front 12.
  • a projector 33 is situated at the entrance to the gallery, on the base 28, said projector producing a beam 34 of light rays which are substantially parallel to one another and parallel to the axis of the tunnel, striking the upper plane mirror of the group 24 and, after double rellection, the rays of the beam 34 converge on the ground glass 31, on which they form the image projected by the said projector and which, in the absence of the plane mirrors 24, would be formed at 32 on the cutting front 12.
  • the checking of the position of the boring head thus consists, as regards the driver of the machine, in observing the ground glass situated in front of him and in controlling the correction to be made as soon as the centre of the circle of impact of the light beam is displaced from the point of intersection of the lines drawn on the ground glass.
  • a modication of this arrangement comprises a projector 33 mounted on a base 28 towards the entrance of the tunnel regulated in such a way that the beam 34 gives a projected image at 32 on the cutting front 12in the absence of a convergent lens 39; when this latter is arranged in the axis of the beam, it then forms a virtual image 32 synchronized therewith on the photoelectric receiver 40 forming the Ifirst link of an automating chain of the boring machine.
  • the convergent lens 39 can be replaced by any appropriate objective and the assembly comprising the optical system and the photoelectric receiver is advantageously mounted on a rigid block fixed solidly on the frame 3.
  • the axis of the light beam of the projector coincides with the axis 7 of rotation of the boring head. 1 and the subsequent corrections maintain ⁇ the said two axes being kept in coincidence.
  • any other machine tool, shielding the cutting front can be equipped with a guiding arrangement, particularly comprising a projector and a virtual image on the said cutting front.
  • This control system not only permits rectilinear gal- 'leries being cut, such as those indicated on the preceding figures, but also the cutting of curved galleries 35 (FIG. '7).
  • rectilinear gal- 'leries being cut, such as those indicated on the preceding figures, but also the cutting of curved galleries 35 (FIG. '7).
  • it is lsutiicient to arrange along the path of the observation or projection light beam, a device which deviates the latter. AThe interval separating each device and also the value of each deviation are determined as a function of the 'curvature of the turn to be made.
  • Small-angle prisms 36 are disposed along the axis 37 lof the control beam emitted or received by the control yapparatus 38, a projector or tachymeter, respectively, which is located on the base 28.
  • the optical system 39 forms an image on the receiver 40.
  • the optical system 39 as illustrated is a lens receiving the light beam in order to cause it to converge in front on the receiver 40; it is quite obvious that it is also possible to use an optical system with a reflecting surface, and in this case the receiver is disposed behind on the return path of the reflected beam.
  • a guiding system for a mobile machine such as a tunnel boring machine having machine support means adapted to be rigidly secured within a tunnel, frame lmeans movably mounted on said support means, boring means having a cutting plane transverse to the axle of said tunnel mounted on said frame means and means for moving said frame means relative to said support means; comprising a rst device lixedly mounted in said tunnel for dening the path of travel of said machine, a second device mounted on said movable frame means and an optical device mounted on said movable frame means for forming a virtual image of one of said first and second devices at said cutting plane of said boring means when viewed from the location of the other of said -lirst and second devices.
  • a guiding system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said optical device is comprised of' a lens intermediate said rst and second devices. v 3. A guiding system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said optical device is comprised of two planar mirrors mclined with respect to each other and disposed between said second device and said cutting plane.
  • Coal Age is a photoelectric receiver and said optical device is a May 1956 converging lens disposed intermediate said irst and second devices in alignment therewith.
  • ERNEST R. PURSER Primary Examiner References Cited 10 U.S.C1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US734999A 1967-06-06 1968-06-06 Guiding system for a boring machine Expired - Lifetime US3517966A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR109354A FR1533355A (fr) 1967-06-06 1967-06-06 Machine de forage de tunnel en continu à contrôle et réglage permanent de sa trajectoire

Publications (1)

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US3517966A true US3517966A (en) 1970-06-30

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US734999A Expired - Lifetime US3517966A (en) 1967-06-06 1968-06-06 Guiding system for a boring machine

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US (1) US3517966A (pm)
JP (1) JPS5113335B1 (pm)
BE (1) BE716116A (pm)
CH (1) CH478295A (pm)
DE (1) DE1759760B2 (pm)
ES (1) ES354220A1 (pm)
FR (1) FR1533355A (pm)
GB (1) GB1223340A (pm)
LU (1) LU56201A1 (pm)
NL (1) NL6807838A (pm)
SE (1) SE345709B (pm)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3635108A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-01-18 Us Navy Laser-guided boring tool for deep hole boring
US4023861A (en) * 1974-12-11 1977-05-17 Gebr. Eickhoff, Maschinenfabrik Und Eisengiesserei M.B.H. Method and apparatus for controlling a tunneling machine
US4273468A (en) * 1978-03-23 1981-06-16 Balfour Beatty Limited Tunnelling shields and like moveable apparatus
US4311411A (en) * 1979-04-21 1982-01-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Pipe jacking apparatus
US4463986A (en) * 1981-12-08 1984-08-07 Sodder George Jr Illumination device and method of use in tunnel alignment
US20080073121A1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-03-27 Jason Austin Cartwright Laser Control System and Apparatus for Drilling and Boring Operations
US8113741B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2012-02-14 Astec Industries, Inc. Boring machine with conveyor system for cuttings and method for boring therewith
US8210774B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2012-07-03 Astec Industries, Inc. Guided boring machine and method
US8393828B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2013-03-12 American Augers, Inc. Boring machine steering system with force multiplier
US8523287B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2013-09-03 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Guidance system for a mining machine
US9464518B2 (en) * 2012-08-13 2016-10-11 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Method and device for producing and measuring a borehole
US9587491B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2017-03-07 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Guidance system for a mining machine

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2531759C3 (de) * 1975-07-16 1985-11-21 Gebr. Eickhoff Maschinenfabrik U. Eisengiesserei Mbh, 4630 Bochum Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Begrenzen der Verstellbewegung eines an einem allseitig schwenkbaren Tragarm einer Teilschnittvortriebsmaschine gelagerten Lösewerkzeuges auf den aufzufahrenden Streckenquerschnitt
JPS54168838U (pm) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-28
GB8309356D0 (en) * 1983-04-06 1983-05-11 Harrison H D Steerable cutting head
DE3404496A1 (de) * 1984-02-09 1985-08-14 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Verfahren und einrichtung zur ueberwachung und/oder steuerung einer vortriebsmaschine, insbesondere einer teilschnittmaschine
DE4017833C2 (de) * 1990-06-02 1996-06-20 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Steuern eines Vortriebsschildes
CN111075467B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-08-17 中联重科股份有限公司 掘进机隧道施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1201097A (en) * 1916-01-13 1916-10-10 Rock Tunnelling Machine Co Inc Tunneling-machine.
US1768191A (en) * 1927-05-11 1930-06-24 Alfred I Crook Traffic-signal projector
US2667805A (en) * 1949-11-30 1954-02-02 Fmc Corp Mirror and light beam apparatus for checking wheel alignment characteristics with correction for runout
US3203737A (en) * 1963-03-18 1965-08-31 Robbins & Assoc James S Rock driling machine
US3321248A (en) * 1965-03-09 1967-05-23 Hughes Tool Co Tunneling machine guidance by impingement of laser beam on pair of machine carried targets

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1201097A (en) * 1916-01-13 1916-10-10 Rock Tunnelling Machine Co Inc Tunneling-machine.
US1768191A (en) * 1927-05-11 1930-06-24 Alfred I Crook Traffic-signal projector
US2667805A (en) * 1949-11-30 1954-02-02 Fmc Corp Mirror and light beam apparatus for checking wheel alignment characteristics with correction for runout
US3203737A (en) * 1963-03-18 1965-08-31 Robbins & Assoc James S Rock driling machine
US3321248A (en) * 1965-03-09 1967-05-23 Hughes Tool Co Tunneling machine guidance by impingement of laser beam on pair of machine carried targets

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3635108A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-01-18 Us Navy Laser-guided boring tool for deep hole boring
US4023861A (en) * 1974-12-11 1977-05-17 Gebr. Eickhoff, Maschinenfabrik Und Eisengiesserei M.B.H. Method and apparatus for controlling a tunneling machine
US4273468A (en) * 1978-03-23 1981-06-16 Balfour Beatty Limited Tunnelling shields and like moveable apparatus
US4311411A (en) * 1979-04-21 1982-01-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Pipe jacking apparatus
US4463986A (en) * 1981-12-08 1984-08-07 Sodder George Jr Illumination device and method of use in tunnel alignment
US20080073121A1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-03-27 Jason Austin Cartwright Laser Control System and Apparatus for Drilling and Boring Operations
US8113741B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2012-02-14 Astec Industries, Inc. Boring machine with conveyor system for cuttings and method for boring therewith
US8210774B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2012-07-03 Astec Industries, Inc. Guided boring machine and method
US8393828B1 (en) 2010-05-20 2013-03-12 American Augers, Inc. Boring machine steering system with force multiplier
US8523287B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2013-09-03 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Guidance system for a mining machine
US9151156B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2015-10-06 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Guidance system for a mining machine
US9587491B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2017-03-07 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Guidance system for a mining machine
US9464518B2 (en) * 2012-08-13 2016-10-11 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Method and device for producing and measuring a borehole

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1759760B2 (de) 1975-08-21
LU56201A1 (pm) 1970-01-14
GB1223340A (en) 1971-02-24
JPS5113335B1 (pm) 1976-04-27
FR1533355A (fr) 1968-07-19
SE345709B (pm) 1972-06-05
BE716116A (pm) 1968-12-05
CH478295A (fr) 1969-09-15
DE1759760A1 (de) 1971-06-03
NL6807838A (pm) 1968-12-09
ES354220A1 (es) 1970-02-16

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