US3517745A - Well perforating method - Google Patents

Well perforating method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3517745A
US3517745A US738530A US3517745DA US3517745A US 3517745 A US3517745 A US 3517745A US 738530 A US738530 A US 738530A US 3517745D A US3517745D A US 3517745DA US 3517745 A US3517745 A US 3517745A
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United States
Prior art keywords
well
formation
perforating
fluid
perforations
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Expired - Lifetime
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US738530A
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English (en)
Inventor
George O Suman Jr
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
    • E21B43/1195—Replacement of drilling mud; decrease of undesirable shock waves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A method of perforating a well casing extending into communication with a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation having an interval portion adjacent the formation by introducing a uid into a restricted zone of the Well casing and adjacent the interval portion under controlled pressure conditions raising the pressure of the uid to a pressure at least suiicient to drive the fluid out of the well casing and into the formation upon perforation of the casing and perforating the casing and adjacent interval portion so as to force the fluid through the established perforations and into the hydrocarbon-bearing portion of the formation.
  • This invention relates to a method for producing perforations in solid materials and more particularly to a method for creating such perforations in wells and earth formations penetrated by a well borehole.
  • a casing is placed in the well borehole, and the casing is then perforated in the vicinity of selected producing zones in the surrounding earth formation to thereby condition the well for production operations.
  • the resulting cavities desirably extent not only through the well casing but also through the surrounding cement and a portion of the ad-y jacent earth formation.
  • a sheath Prior to perforating a casing or formation with suitable devices, e.g., guns, a sheath is placed around the casing. This may be a cement sheath or formation material surrounding the well borehole and particularly around the part to be perforated.
  • These materials pulverized by the perforating device consist of sand, clay, cement, limestone, dolomite, etc. in conjunction with mud particles and/or clay dispersed by mud or cement filtrate, which are believed to plug the perforations. These materials subsequently cause plugging of the formation which materials must be removed prior to conducting other completion operations and/ or placing the well on production. This is a relatively time-consuming and expensive process.
  • These objects are preferably carried out by introducing a fluid under controlled pressure through the well into a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation opposite and adjacent the interval to be perforated,
  • the fluid is preferably adapted to remove at least some of the plugging material in the interval portion of the formation.
  • a perforating device is lowered into the interval portion and the pressure of the fluid is raised to a pressure at least sufficient to drive the fluid out of the well and into the formation. Not only is the interval portion perforated, but the pressurized fluid is driven out of the well through the perforations while removing some or all of the mpairment material surrounding the perforations.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a preferred method for carrying out the concepts of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional, partly schematic view of an example of the method of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing there is shown a well bore-hole 11 extending through overlying earth formation 12 into communiction with a s-ubterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation 13.
  • the hydrocarbon-bearing production zone is confined by lower layer 12a.
  • Well borehole 11 is preferably cased at casing 14 and cemented at 15 as is well known in the art.
  • Casing 14 is closed at its upper end -16 and preferably includes a tubing string 17 extending therethrough into engagement with 13. Tubing string 17, however, is not necessary for carrying out the teachings of this invention.
  • a perforating device 19 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as having been lowered, through suitable lowering means, such as a winch (not shown) and a cable 20, through tubing string 17 into well borehole 11.
  • cable 20 may include the necessary electrical, mechanical or hydraulic conduits for actuating device 19.
  • Perforating device 19 may be any suitable penetrating means, such as a jet or bullet perforator as is well known in the art.
  • Perforators are generally of two types, both lowered into the well borehole on conductor cables and carrying explosive charges that are electrically detonated. In the bullet perforator, steel bullets are fired through the casing and cement; in the shaped charge perforator, small explosive charges are used, so shaped that the explosive force is focused and intensified into a small diameter jet which penetrates casing and cement.
  • an acid or other dissolving and/or chemically reactive fluid is preferably pumped into well/borehole 11 through iluid inlet 18 or down tubing 17 above the formation 13 and surrounding the interval portion of well borehole 11 which interval portion includes the portions of casing 14, cement 15 and formation 131 desired to be perforated.
  • This fluid is adapted to dissolve and/or react with the material comprising the material of formation 13 and the interval material (that is, the
  • the fluid referred to is a Huid adapted to remove the interval and formation materials (referred to as impairment material).
  • impairment material a Huid adapted to remove the interval and formation materials
  • dissolve or dissolves includes any chemical reaction or reactions adapted to break down or decompose materials such as various types of mud acids (Le.) solutions of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids).
  • the pressure of the fluid is then raised, as by pumping from the surface through inlet 18, So as to drive the fluid out through all of the perforations 21 when the perforating device 19 is actuated.
  • the number of perforations 21 depends on the extent of the interval to be perforated.
  • the pressure of the fluid is raised to previously determined or estimated over-balance pressures which may, but not necessarily, lbe capable of fracturing the perforated material (i.e., the perforated formation 13).
  • the surface pressure of the iud is thus raised and controlled by means well known in the art to provide an instantaneous surge of the active fluid into all perforations 21 at high differential pressures.
  • An important feature of this application is considered to be the magnitude of the differential pressures involved.
  • step of perforating can be conducted through a tubing string as discussed hereinabove, well control can be maintained from the step of perforating through any necessary subsequent steps.
  • the perforating device 19 is removed and resin or plastic consolidation materials are pumped down the well through tubing string 17 and out through the perforations 21 thereby consolidating the sand of formation 13.
  • sand may be carried into the well borehole with the oil and gas. This should be prevented, or at least kept to a minimum, to avoid plugging the well thereby stopping production ⁇ and to lessen the wear of pumps, valves, liners, etc.
  • plastic or resin consolidation ymaterials and methods of consolidation include the epoxy resins manufactured Aby Shell Chemical Co. and the consolidation method described in U.S. Pats. 3,368,625; 3,368,626; and 3,339,633. Other types include phenol-formaldehyde resins and silicates etc. If sand exclusion is delayed until the formation has been disturbed by fluid movement or other factors, sand consolidation becomes more difficult and, in some cases, impossible.
  • any of the pretreating fluids can prevent resins or plastics from entering one or more of the perforations, thus resulting in an unsuccessful treatment.
  • the perforating in accordance with the method of this invention is carried out in a clean fluid, it can be seen that the success of any subsequent sand consolidation treatment is greatly enhanced by this degree of cleanliness maintained in the well from the time of perforating through the time of plastic or resin placement in the unconsolidated formation.
  • fluids containing solids for fluid loss control may be injected through inlet 18, into the annulus formed between tubing string 17 and casing 14 and well control maintained for later operations.
  • the fluid loss control fluids and/ or emulsions may be injected down tubing string 17 and into well borehole 11.
  • EXAMPLE The following is an example of through tubing perforating using a super mud 4acid mixture with a high overbalance pressure in a subterranean earth formation, followed immediately by a plastic consolidation treatment in accordance with the teachings of this invention and as described in the U.S. Pat. 3,339,633.
  • a surface pressure of 2,000 p.s.i. provided a 5150 p.s.i. bottom-hole pressure and a 3365 p.s..i. overbalance to drive the super mud acid out through all the perforations and into the reservoir (1785 p.s.i. static reservoir pressure).
  • the formation was treated with epoxy resin as described in Example 1 of the above patent by conducting it through the tubing as placed for the perforating operation. See FIG. 2 where a well borehole 22 is shown having a casing 23 and tubing string 24 disposed therein.
  • a wireline 25 extends through tubing 25 and includes a through tubing perforating gun 25a at its lower end. Gun 25a is of the carrier type side-kicked and is actuated forming perforations 21a.
  • the tubing was full of diesel oil with the exception of several hundred feet of super mud acid at the bottom.
  • the impairment problems associated with solids in the completion fluid were avoided.
  • the gun 25a a 111/16-in. Jet Research Company Sidewinder gun
  • the epoxy resin composition for earth formation consolidation treatment was conducted immediately without moving the squeeze packer which was in the proper position for the epoxy resin treatment at the time of perforating. Injectivity was established with the diesel oil already in the tubing at 1 b.p.m. at 1300 p.s.i. surface pressure. A portion of the epoxy resin treatment was conducted on a vacuum due to a minor delay.
  • Impairment appears to have been minimized as a result of the technique, and there has been no indication of sand production to date.
  • the T sand is gas-lifting at daily rates in excess of 425 barrels of tluid with a water cut of 2 percent.
  • a method of perforating a well extending into a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation adjacent an interval portion thereof comprising the steps of introducing a ud under controlled pressure into the well adjacent said interval portion thereof, said fluid -being adapted to remove at least some of the material in said formation interval portion;
  • perforating said formation interval portion via said perforating device to remove at least some of the impairment material surrounding said perforations by driving said pressurized iiuid out of the well through the perforations formed in said formation interval formation by said perforating device without fracturing said formation interval portion.
  • the method of claim 2 including the step of injecting a uid loss control uid down the annulus formed between said tubing string and said well behind said removal iluid.
  • step of introducing a uid adapted to remove at least some of the material in said formation interval portion includes the step of introducing a iluid adapted to subsequently chemically react with said impairment material to thereby dissolve said impairment material.
  • the method of claim 1 including the step of injecting a uid loss control iluid down said well behind said removal iluid.
  • the method of claim 1 including the step of injecting sand consolidating materials into said well adapted to consolidate any loose sand Within the formation interval portion adjacent said perforations.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US738530A 1968-06-20 1968-06-20 Well perforating method Expired - Lifetime US3517745A (en)

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US73853068A 1968-06-20 1968-06-20

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US (1) US3517745A (de)
DE (1) DE1930630A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2011286A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6909270A (de)
OA (1) OA03073A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754599A (en) * 1971-12-15 1973-08-28 Marathon Oil Co Use of micellar solutions to improve perforating process
US4253523A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-03-03 Ibsen Barrie G Method and apparatus for well perforation and fracturing operations
US4502550A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-03-05 Magnum Jet, Inc. Modular through-tubing casing gun
WO1992020900A1 (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 Oryx Energy Company Overbalance perforating and stimulation method for wells
US5178218A (en) * 1991-06-19 1993-01-12 Oryx Energy Company Method of sand consolidation with resin
US5219026A (en) * 1990-12-03 1993-06-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Acidizing method for gravel packing wells
US5265678A (en) * 1992-06-10 1993-11-30 Halliburton Company Method for creating multiple radial fractures surrounding a wellbore
US20040089449A1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2004-05-13 Ian Walton Controlling a pressure transient in a well
US20040206506A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2004-10-21 Montgomery Carl T. Method for enhancing well productivity
US20090084552A1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Providing dynamic transient pressure conditions to improve perforation characteristics
US20170101850A1 (en) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Check Valve with Valve Member Biased by Connectors Extending from a Valve Seat for Operation of a Subterranean Tool
US20200263080A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2020-08-20 Fluid Energy Group Ltd. Novel Downhole Methods

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2718264A (en) * 1951-07-25 1955-09-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of squeeze cementing in cased boreholes
US2766828A (en) * 1953-07-20 1956-10-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Fracturing subsurface formations and well stimulation
US2832415A (en) * 1955-10-12 1958-04-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Perforating wells
US2839142A (en) * 1954-05-05 1958-06-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Permanent well completion method
US2876843A (en) * 1954-08-23 1959-03-10 Jersey Prod Res Co Gun perforator
US3011551A (en) * 1958-11-06 1961-12-05 Halliburton Co Fracturing gun
US3066736A (en) * 1960-06-15 1962-12-04 Dresser Ind Hydraulic perforating gun
US3170517A (en) * 1962-11-13 1965-02-23 Jersey Prod Res Co Fracturing formation and stimulation of wells
US3195631A (en) * 1963-01-24 1965-07-20 Gulf Research Development Co Method for perforating a well
US3198268A (en) * 1963-07-02 1965-08-03 Exxon Production Research Co Method of reducing fluid loss in well treatment
US3343600A (en) * 1964-07-08 1967-09-26 Continental Oil Co Method of completing oil and gas wells
US3347315A (en) * 1965-04-29 1967-10-17 Schlumberger Technology Corp Methods for well completion

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2718264A (en) * 1951-07-25 1955-09-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of squeeze cementing in cased boreholes
US2766828A (en) * 1953-07-20 1956-10-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Fracturing subsurface formations and well stimulation
US2839142A (en) * 1954-05-05 1958-06-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Permanent well completion method
US2876843A (en) * 1954-08-23 1959-03-10 Jersey Prod Res Co Gun perforator
US2832415A (en) * 1955-10-12 1958-04-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Perforating wells
US3011551A (en) * 1958-11-06 1961-12-05 Halliburton Co Fracturing gun
US3066736A (en) * 1960-06-15 1962-12-04 Dresser Ind Hydraulic perforating gun
US3170517A (en) * 1962-11-13 1965-02-23 Jersey Prod Res Co Fracturing formation and stimulation of wells
US3195631A (en) * 1963-01-24 1965-07-20 Gulf Research Development Co Method for perforating a well
US3198268A (en) * 1963-07-02 1965-08-03 Exxon Production Research Co Method of reducing fluid loss in well treatment
US3343600A (en) * 1964-07-08 1967-09-26 Continental Oil Co Method of completing oil and gas wells
US3347315A (en) * 1965-04-29 1967-10-17 Schlumberger Technology Corp Methods for well completion

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754599A (en) * 1971-12-15 1973-08-28 Marathon Oil Co Use of micellar solutions to improve perforating process
US4253523A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-03-03 Ibsen Barrie G Method and apparatus for well perforation and fracturing operations
US4502550A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-03-05 Magnum Jet, Inc. Modular through-tubing casing gun
US5219026A (en) * 1990-12-03 1993-06-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Acidizing method for gravel packing wells
WO1992020900A1 (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 Oryx Energy Company Overbalance perforating and stimulation method for wells
US5178218A (en) * 1991-06-19 1993-01-12 Oryx Energy Company Method of sand consolidation with resin
US5265678A (en) * 1992-06-10 1993-11-30 Halliburton Company Method for creating multiple radial fractures surrounding a wellbore
US7036594B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2006-05-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Controlling a pressure transient in a well
US20040089449A1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2004-05-13 Ian Walton Controlling a pressure transient in a well
US20040206506A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2004-10-21 Montgomery Carl T. Method for enhancing well productivity
US6874580B2 (en) * 2002-10-25 2005-04-05 Conocophillips Company Method for enhancing well productivity
AU2003252864B2 (en) * 2002-10-25 2009-01-29 Conocophillips Company Method for enhancing well productivity
SG111272A1 (en) * 2003-11-04 2005-05-30 Schlumberger Holdings Controlling a pressure transient in a well
US20090084552A1 (en) * 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Providing dynamic transient pressure conditions to improve perforation characteristics
US7896077B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2011-03-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Providing dynamic transient pressure conditions to improve perforation characteristics
US20170101850A1 (en) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Check Valve with Valve Member Biased by Connectors Extending from a Valve Seat for Operation of a Subterranean Tool
US10184317B2 (en) * 2015-10-12 2019-01-22 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Check valve with valve member biased by connectors extending from a valve seat for operation of a subterranean tool
US20200263080A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2020-08-20 Fluid Energy Group Ltd. Novel Downhole Methods
US11485902B2 (en) * 2018-05-11 2022-11-01 Fluid Energy Group Ltd Downhole methods

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Publication number Publication date
OA03073A (fr) 1970-12-15
FR2011286A1 (en) 1970-02-27
DE1930630A1 (de) 1970-01-08
NL6909270A (de) 1969-12-23

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