US3517164A - Image fusing assembly - Google Patents

Image fusing assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US3517164A
US3517164A US746456A US3517164DA US3517164A US 3517164 A US3517164 A US 3517164A US 746456 A US746456 A US 746456A US 3517164D A US3517164D A US 3517164DA US 3517164 A US3517164 A US 3517164A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall
copy
fusing
image
powder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US746456A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ralph T Huggins
Frederick D Meller
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AB Dick Co
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Multigraphics Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Multigraphics Inc filed Critical Multigraphics Inc
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Publication of US3517164A publication Critical patent/US3517164A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat

Definitions

  • the application discloses a unit for fusing powder images on copy material using conduction of heat through the material.
  • the unit includes a vacuum chest having a thermally conductive wall over which the back of the copy material slides and to which heat is supplied by electrical heaters carried thereon.
  • the walls are provided with spaced openings so that the moving copy material is held in intimate engagement with the wall, and any air lm between the wall and the copy material is removed to permit an efficient heat transfer to the powder image by conduction from the wall and through the material.
  • This invention relates to copy making apparatus of the type using fusible powder images and, more particularly, to a new and improved method of and apparatus for lixing or fusing powder images.
  • Photoelectrostatic machines for making one or more copies of graphic material on sheet or web material form an electrostatic image corresponding to the graphic material which is then placed in visible form by the application of a developer such as a toner material or electroscopic powder.
  • This toner material can be applied in various manners, as by a magnetic brush, cascade techniques, powder cloud generators, or from liquid systems, and is selectively attracted or repelled by the electronic image to provide the visible image.
  • the toner material comprises electroscopic particles or powder formed of a thermoplastic resinous material. After the powder or toner image has been formed, it is lixed or placed in permanent form, as by fusion or solvent removal, incident to or after transfer to sheet or web copy material.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectrostatic copy machine including new and improved llixing or fusing means.
  • Another object is to provide an apparatus for fusing powder images that is compact and operable at acceptable temperature levels and is also capable of high speed image fusing.
  • a further object is to provide a powder image fusing apparatus in which heat is transferred to the image largely by conduction.
  • a further object is to provide a powder image fusing apparatus including a vacuum chamber having a thermally conductive wall against which the back of the image bearing copy material is held and to which heat for fusing the image is applied.
  • Another object is to provide a new and improved method of fusing powder images on copy material in which the back of the copy material is held in sliding contact with a heated and thermally conductive member by a pressure differential.
  • an embodiment of the invention comprises a vacuum chest or chamber having a thermally conductive wall to which are afxed one or more electrical heating elements.
  • the wall is also provided with spaced perforations adjacent the heating elements.
  • the back of a copy sheet containing a powder image is moved over the thermally conductive wall in sliding engagement therewith, and the back of the sheet is held in intimate contact with the thermally conductive wall by the pressure differential communicated to the back of the sheet through the apertures. In this way, heat from the electrical heating elements is transmitted by conduction through the thermally conductive wall and the back of the sheet to fuse the powder image.
  • copy material speeds in the range of 15 to 50 feet per minute have been attained using thermoplastic powders having softening points ranging from 70-190 C. It will be appreciated that even greater copy material speeds can be realized by operating the system at the maximum temperature difference between the wall and softening point of the powder. For example, copy material speeds of 65 feet per minute and greater can be realized when using a powder that softens at about 70 C. and maintaining the wall at a temperature of 150 C.
  • FIG. 1 is a top elevational View in partial section of a fusing assembly embodying the present invention
  • Ifixing or fusing unit or assembly which is indicated generally as 10 and which is capable of effecting the relatively high speed fusing of powder images carried on web or sheet copy material 12.
  • the powder image can be formed directly on the material 12 or transferred thereto, and in a preferred embodiment is produced on a photoconductive member and transferred to the upwardly facing surface of the material 12 (FIG. 2) by an apparatus of the general type shown and described in detail in the copending application of Loren E. Shelffo, Ser. No. 632,819, filed Apr. 21, 1967, which application is assigned to the same assignee as the present applica- Vacuum chest or chamber indicated generally as 18.
  • the vacuum chamber 18 is illustrated as Irbeing formed of a single sheet of folded metal sealed along an edge 18A Y and closed at its opposite ends by the side walls 14 and 16 on which it is supported.
  • the wall 14 is provided with an opening 20 .by which the interior of the vacuum chamber 18 is coupled to an air moving means or vacuum pump 22 by a section of duct 24.
  • the illustrated vacuum chamber 18 is illustrated as fbeing formed of sheet metal, other suitable materials could be used so long as a wall 18B or a suitable portion thereof is formed of a material having good thermal conductivity.
  • the wall 18B is formed with a plurality of rows of openings or apertures 26, 28, and 30 that are spaced from each other in the direction of movement of the sheet or web material 12 relative to the unit 10.
  • the vacuum chest or chamber 18 is provided with electrical heating means including two electrical heating units or assemblies 32 and 34. These two units are generally elongated and are secured to the lower surface of the wall 18B disposed between and extending generally parallel to the rows 26, 28, and 30- of openings or perforations.
  • the heating units 32 and 34 can be of conventional construction including a sole plate brazed or welded to the wall 18B and carrying resistance elements on the opposite surfaces thereof, or can comprise units in which the resistance elements are cast into the sole plates included in the heating units 32 and 34.
  • These units are energized from a suitable source of alternating current energy during periods of use of the copying machine of which the assembly forms a part and preferably are provided with adjustable temperature regulating means of known construction.
  • the temperature control means can 'be regulated to energize the units 32 and 34 to maintain the temperature of the thermally conductive wall 18B at a temperature in the range of 120- 150 C.
  • two sets of rollers 36 and 38 mounted on shafts 40 and 42, respectively, are provided.
  • the sets of rollers 36 and 38 are rotated in synchronism so as to advance the material 12 over the heated wall 18B of the vacuum chamber 18 at the desired speed and with the powder image facing outwardly or upwardly away from this wall.
  • a variable speed drive (not shown) coupled to the shafts 40 and 42 can be adjusted to advance the material 12 at a speed in a range of 15-50 feet per minute.
  • the sets of rollers 36 and 38 are offset vertically from each other so that the sheet or web material 12 is held in engagement with the curved and somewhat up wardly inclined wall 18B of the vacuum chest 18.
  • a control circuit (not shown) associated with the unit 10 or with the copying machine of which the unit 10 is a part is energized to initiate the operation of the vacuum pump or air moving means 22 so that air is withdrawn from the vacu-um chamber 18 through the opening 20 and the duct 24. Air is removed by the moving means 22 at a greater rate than air can enter through the rows of openings 26, 28, and 30 so that a pressure differential is maintained across the wall 18B.
  • the energization of the control circuit also initiates the energization of the electrical heating units 32 and 34 so that the thermally conductive wall 18B or the thermally conductive portion thereof is heated to the desired temperature under the control of the temperature regulating means.
  • This temperature can be adjusted in accordance with the type of toner material to be fused by the unit 10.
  • the control circuit for the electrical heating units 32 and 34 can lbe provided with a control which maintains the wall 18B at a temperature somewhat lower than that re quired for proper fusing during standby periods and is elevated to the proper fusing temperature when the unit 10 is actually placed in use to x copies.
  • Powdered images are then produced on the copy material 12 either directly or, in the preferred embodiment, by transfer to the material 12 in a machine of the type described in the above-identified copending application of Shelffo et al.
  • the copy material 12 preferably comprises plain or untreated paper, and the material 12 is fed to the nip between the inlet rollers 36 with the powder image facing upwardly (FIG. 2) or away from the wall 18B.
  • the rollers 36 which were placed in operation together with the rollers 38 when the unit 10 was placed in operation feed the leading edge of the copy material 12 against the upwardly inclined wall 18B and advance the leading edge over the wall 18B to be received within the nip between the rollers 38, which in turn feed the copy material to a discharge point.
  • the copy material 12 moves over the wall 18B, it closes off communication between the atmosphere and the interior of the vacuum chamber 18 ⁇ through the rows 26, 28, and 30 of perforations. This establishes a predetermined pressure differential across the copy material 12 and holds it in intimate sliding engagement with the wall 18B. This permits the heat stored in the wall 18B and in the heat sinks or sole plates associated with the electrical heating units 32 and 34 to be transmitted by conduction through these thermally conductive parts and from the .back of the copy material 12 to the top or front surface on which the powder image is disposed.
  • the use of the vacuum chest 18 producing the pressure differential across the copy material 12 removes any film of air that exists between the back surface of the copy material 12 and the wall 18B and thus provides a good overall coeicient of thermal conductivity to the thermoplastic resin forming the toner particles. These particles are thus fused to fix or place in permanent form the image carried on the front or outwardly facing surface of the copy material 12.
  • one fixing or fusing unit 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention using a 'vacuum in the chest 18 on the order of 3-6 inches of water, a toner material that fuses in the temperature range 'between 70-115 C., a copy material feed rate in the range of 15-50 feet per minute, a plate 18B temperature in the range of 1Z0-150io C., it was observed that the toner material was fully fused to the copy material 12 and that there was no evidence of discoloration of the copy material 12.
  • the length of the wall 18B in this unit is approximately 3-5 inches, and thus the fusing unit 10I affords a very small or compact fusing unit with a relatively short path of travel during which heat is applied but which is capable of attaining substantial paper feed rates.
  • the significant advance made in the technique of fusing powder images by conductive heat transfer is the reduction in the air layer between the heating element and the image carrying support.
  • the description of the invention sets forth temperature ranges for the wall 18B and the softening point of the powder material comprising the images and the speeds with which the fusing can occur.
  • the speeds of fusing may vary widely in the instant invention depending on the softening point of the thermoplastic powders, the thickness of the copy paper or material, and the temperature of the wall 18B under the inuence of the air suction system that tends to decrease the air layer.
  • the speed of fusion is greatly decreased, and the temperature at which the wall 18B must be maintained is just below the scorching point of the copy material.
  • the fusing system without the vacuum means is insensitive to changes in the melting point of the toner and the power input to the wall 18B in the sense that it is not possible to use a lower melting point toner and obtain an accompanying reduction in the heating power input or the temperature at which the wall 18B is held.
  • This system lacking the vacuum means thus operates in a narrow range of speed and heat le'vel below which there is no fusion (only at very slow speeds) and above which further increases in temperature cause scorching or burning of the copy material.
  • the system incorporating the present invention is sensitive in the sense that changes in copy feeding speeds and temperature level are related and the use of lower melting point toners permits a reduction in operating temperature or an increase in copy speed. Accordingly, the present invention results in a highly eicient system permitting both the use of low wattage inputs with high speed fusion at temperatures well below the scorch point of paper and the use of thermoplastic materials having a wide range of softening temperatures.
  • Apparatus for fixing thermoplastic powder images carried on one surface of web or sheet material comprising:
  • stationary heating means for slidably :receiving said sheet material thereon and applying heat by conduction to the surface opposite said image carrying surface
  • transport means for slidably moving said sheet material across said stationary heating means
  • An apparatus for fixing powder images carried on one surface of web or sheet material comprising:
  • heating means for applying heat to said wall portion
  • an air moving means coupled to said enclosure for moving air into said enclosure through said apertures and for withdrawing air from said enclosure, thereby to maintain a pressure differential along said wall portion
  • feeding means for feeding web or sheet material over said wall with said one surface facing away from said wall, said sheet oir web material being held in intimate sliding contact with said wall by said air moving means so that heat from said heating means is transferred to said powder image by conduction through the wall and the web or sheet material as the latter is moved across said wall.
  • An apparatus for fusing powder images carried on one surface of web or sheet material comprising:
  • feeding means for feeding web or sheet material over an outer surface of said stationary wall with said one surface of the sheet or web material facing away from said outer surface of said wall
  • air moving means coupled to the enclosure for producing a pressure differential across the wall and material to hold the material in intimate sliding contact with the wall as the material is transported thereacross.
  • An apparatus for fusing toner images on one surface of web or sheet material comprising:
  • a vacuum chamber having a stationary material engaging structure formed of thermally conductive material, said structure having spaced openings therein,
  • electrical heating means coupled tothe structure for supplying heat to the structure7 and material feeding means for feeding said material relative to the structure, said material being held against said structure during movement by the vacuum in the chamber so that heat is transmitted by conduction through the structure and the material to the toner image.
  • the electrical heating means are carried on the wall in the areas between the spaced lines of openings.
  • the 5 electrical heating means includes spaced and elongated heating units extending generally transverse to the direction of movement of the material relative to the structure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
US746456A 1968-07-22 1968-07-22 Image fusing assembly Expired - Lifetime US3517164A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US74645668A 1968-07-22 1968-07-22

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US3517164A true US3517164A (en) 1970-06-23

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US746456A Expired - Lifetime US3517164A (en) 1968-07-22 1968-07-22 Image fusing assembly

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US (1) US3517164A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE736363A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1937039A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2014674A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1275921A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6911190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2160022A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-11-06 1973-06-22 Canon Kk
US3826892A (en) * 1972-10-25 1974-07-30 Xerox Corp Fusing apparatus
US3861863A (en) * 1973-12-19 1975-01-21 Ibm Fusing apparatus
US3867767A (en) * 1973-06-25 1975-02-25 Xerox Corp Preconditioner for paper stock
JPS5086140U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-12-06 1975-07-22
US3907492A (en) * 1972-10-25 1975-09-23 Xerox Corp Fusing apparatus
US3914097A (en) * 1974-02-01 1975-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Sheet guide and cooling apparatus
USRE28802E (en) * 1972-10-25 1976-05-04 Xerox Corporation Fusing apparatus
JPS51130233A (en) * 1975-05-06 1976-11-12 Ricoh Co Ltd Fixing device
JPS51144239A (en) * 1975-06-05 1976-12-11 Ricoh Co Ltd Duplicator fixation device
US4080158A (en) * 1974-11-11 1978-03-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-fixing device
JPS5351248U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-10-05 1978-05-01
JPS5354033U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-09
JPS5439644A (en) * 1977-09-03 1979-03-27 Hitachi Koki Kk Heat fixing apparatus for electrophotographic apparatus
US4147922A (en) * 1977-02-15 1979-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for fixing a toner image
JPS54172742U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-05-26 1979-12-06
JPS5568154U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1979-10-29 1980-05-10
FR2439081A1 (fr) * 1978-10-17 1980-05-16 Kast Casimir Gmbh & Co Kg Procede et dispositif de chauffage d'un feutre
US4217093A (en) * 1977-12-01 1980-08-12 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Fixing arrangement in electrostatic copying machine
US4310304A (en) * 1979-07-31 1982-01-12 Compagnie Industrielle Des Telecommunications Cit-Alcatel Installation for assembling electronic components
US4438321A (en) 1981-03-11 1984-03-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fixing device for copier
FR2544516A1 (fr) * 1983-04-15 1984-10-19 Thermocoax Cie Plaque chauffante pour machine reprographique
US4518845A (en) * 1982-11-03 1985-05-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Device for processing thermally developable films and papers
US4537492A (en) * 1983-07-07 1985-08-27 Itek Corporation Heater-drier for fusing toner images on wet printing plates
US4566783A (en) * 1983-05-13 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fixing device
US4615677A (en) * 1984-09-06 1986-10-07 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for recovering the sensible heat of dumpable hot stock
US4761311A (en) * 1987-02-19 1988-08-02 The Mead Corporation Process for glossing a developer sheet and an apparatus useful therein
US4807560A (en) * 1987-02-19 1989-02-28 The Mead Corporation Apparatus for glossing a developer sheet
EP0329439A3 (en) * 1988-02-16 1990-11-22 The Mead Corporation Method and apparatus for glossing sheets
US5495324A (en) * 1993-07-28 1996-02-27 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag Thermal fixing system for recording media of a printer or copier device that are printed on one or both sides
US5837974A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-11-17 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus with board profile monitoring and related methods
US5847362A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-12-08 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus providing controllable heat and related methods
US5902502A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-05-11 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus and related methods
US6215103B1 (en) * 1998-05-28 2001-04-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Heat developing apparatus
US10184897B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2019-01-22 Packaging Corporation Of America System and method for determining an impact of manufacturing processes on the caliper of a sheet material

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU480768B2 (en) * 1972-05-19 1977-02-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Device for drying and fixing a copying material
DE3317417A1 (de) * 1983-05-13 1984-11-15 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Thermische fixierstation
DE4235667C1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-01-05 Siemens Nixdorf Inf Syst Druck- oder Kopiergerät mit einer Kühleinrichtung für den Aufzeichnungsträger

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US1575366A (en) * 1922-10-05 1926-03-02 American Laundry Mach Co Collar-conditioning apparatus
US2775677A (en) * 1955-03-01 1956-12-25 Great Lakes Stamp & Mfg Co Inc Label activator
US2807704A (en) * 1956-06-14 1957-09-24 Ibm Xerographic image fixing apparatus
US2807703A (en) * 1956-06-14 1957-09-24 Ibm Xerographic image fixing apparatus
US2821612A (en) * 1955-10-19 1958-01-28 Great Lakes Stamp & Mfg Co Inc Label activator
US3123700A (en) * 1964-03-03 Radiation exposure unit
US3199223A (en) * 1956-12-03 1965-08-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic fusing and drying apparatus
US3222800A (en) * 1962-05-29 1965-12-14 Weldotron Corp Apparatus for shrinking wrappers of packages
US3397303A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-08-13 Bell & Howell Co Conveying belt with integral electric heater and sheet member holddown means

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123700A (en) * 1964-03-03 Radiation exposure unit
US1575366A (en) * 1922-10-05 1926-03-02 American Laundry Mach Co Collar-conditioning apparatus
US2775677A (en) * 1955-03-01 1956-12-25 Great Lakes Stamp & Mfg Co Inc Label activator
US2821612A (en) * 1955-10-19 1958-01-28 Great Lakes Stamp & Mfg Co Inc Label activator
US2807704A (en) * 1956-06-14 1957-09-24 Ibm Xerographic image fixing apparatus
US2807703A (en) * 1956-06-14 1957-09-24 Ibm Xerographic image fixing apparatus
US3199223A (en) * 1956-12-03 1965-08-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic fusing and drying apparatus
US3222800A (en) * 1962-05-29 1965-12-14 Weldotron Corp Apparatus for shrinking wrappers of packages
US3397303A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-08-13 Bell & Howell Co Conveying belt with integral electric heater and sheet member holddown means

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2160022A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-11-06 1973-06-22 Canon Kk
US3826892A (en) * 1972-10-25 1974-07-30 Xerox Corp Fusing apparatus
US3907492A (en) * 1972-10-25 1975-09-23 Xerox Corp Fusing apparatus
USRE28802E (en) * 1972-10-25 1976-05-04 Xerox Corporation Fusing apparatus
US4102681A (en) * 1972-10-25 1978-07-25 Xerox Corporation Transfer and fusing method
US3867767A (en) * 1973-06-25 1975-02-25 Xerox Corp Preconditioner for paper stock
JPS5086140U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-12-06 1975-07-22
US3861863A (en) * 1973-12-19 1975-01-21 Ibm Fusing apparatus
US3914097A (en) * 1974-02-01 1975-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Sheet guide and cooling apparatus
US4080158A (en) * 1974-11-11 1978-03-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-fixing device
JPS51130233A (en) * 1975-05-06 1976-11-12 Ricoh Co Ltd Fixing device
JPS51144239A (en) * 1975-06-05 1976-12-11 Ricoh Co Ltd Duplicator fixation device
JPS5351248U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-10-05 1978-05-01
JPS5354033U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-09
US4147922A (en) * 1977-02-15 1979-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for fixing a toner image
JPS5439644A (en) * 1977-09-03 1979-03-27 Hitachi Koki Kk Heat fixing apparatus for electrophotographic apparatus
US4217093A (en) * 1977-12-01 1980-08-12 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Fixing arrangement in electrostatic copying machine
JPS54172742U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-05-26 1979-12-06
US4273981A (en) * 1978-10-17 1981-06-16 Casimir Kast Gmbh & Co. K.G. Apparatus for heating a fleece
FR2439081A1 (fr) * 1978-10-17 1980-05-16 Kast Casimir Gmbh & Co Kg Procede et dispositif de chauffage d'un feutre
US4310304A (en) * 1979-07-31 1982-01-12 Compagnie Industrielle Des Telecommunications Cit-Alcatel Installation for assembling electronic components
JPS5568154U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1979-10-29 1980-05-10
US4438321A (en) 1981-03-11 1984-03-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fixing device for copier
US4518845A (en) * 1982-11-03 1985-05-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Device for processing thermally developable films and papers
FR2544516A1 (fr) * 1983-04-15 1984-10-19 Thermocoax Cie Plaque chauffante pour machine reprographique
EP0122671A1 (fr) * 1983-04-15 1984-10-24 Thermocoax Plaque chauffante pour machine reprographique
US4554434A (en) * 1983-04-15 1985-11-19 U.S. Philips Corporation Heating plate for printing apparatus
US4566783A (en) * 1983-05-13 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fixing device
US4537492A (en) * 1983-07-07 1985-08-27 Itek Corporation Heater-drier for fusing toner images on wet printing plates
US4615677A (en) * 1984-09-06 1986-10-07 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for recovering the sensible heat of dumpable hot stock
US4761311A (en) * 1987-02-19 1988-08-02 The Mead Corporation Process for glossing a developer sheet and an apparatus useful therein
US4807560A (en) * 1987-02-19 1989-02-28 The Mead Corporation Apparatus for glossing a developer sheet
EP0329439A3 (en) * 1988-02-16 1990-11-22 The Mead Corporation Method and apparatus for glossing sheets
US5086209A (en) * 1988-02-16 1992-02-04 The Mead Corporation Hot air apparatus for glossing sheets
US5495324A (en) * 1993-07-28 1996-02-27 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Ag Thermal fixing system for recording media of a printer or copier device that are printed on one or both sides
US5758227A (en) * 1993-07-28 1998-05-26 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Thermal fixing system for recording media of a printer or copier device that are printed on one or both sides
US6430381B1 (en) 1993-07-28 2002-08-06 OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS AG Thermal fixing system for recording media of a printer or copier device that are printed on one or both sides
US5837974A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-11-17 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus with board profile monitoring and related methods
US5847362A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-12-08 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus providing controllable heat and related methods
US5902502A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-05-11 Interfic, Inc. Corrugated paperboard manufacturing apparatus and related methods
US6215103B1 (en) * 1998-05-28 2001-04-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Heat developing apparatus
US10184897B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2019-01-22 Packaging Corporation Of America System and method for determining an impact of manufacturing processes on the caliper of a sheet material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6911190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-26
GB1275921A (en) 1972-06-01
BE736363A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-31
DE1937039A1 (de) 1970-01-29
FR2014674A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-17

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