Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
  • C10M2201/105—Silica
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/08—Solids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy

Definitions

• Greases heretofore prepared by the processes of the prior art have generally comprised a vehicle, such as petroleum hydrocarbon lubricating oils, refined mineral oils, or synthetic esters, in which various thickening agents, such as metal salts or soaps, are dispersed in grease-forming quantities in such degree as to impart to the resulting grease composition the desired consistency.
• a vehicle such as petroleum hydrocarbon lubricating oils, refined mineral oils, or synthetic esters, in which various thickening agents, such as metal salts or soaps, are dispersed in grease-forming quantities in such degree as to impart to the resulting grease composition the desired consistency.
• various thickening agents such as metal salts or soaps
• the hydrogenated olefin polymer is prepared from olefins having less than about 6 carbon atoms per molecule, the resulting grease composition will deteriorate rapidly at elevated temperature due to loss of vehicle by volatilization.
• the hydrogenated olefin polymer is prepared from olefins having more than 12 carbon atoms per molecule, the resulting grease composition will not possess suitable low torque values at relatively low temperatures.
• organophilic clay thickening agent various types of such clays may be employed. Particularly preferred are organophilic clays which contain predominantly aliphatic quaternary ammonium groups. In this respect, it has been found that if aliphatic quaternary ammonium groups predominate, relatively smaller quantities of the clay thickeners are required for producing an effective grease composition.
• the lubricating vehicles of the improved greases of the present invention comprise hydrogenated olefin polymers in which the polymer has been prepared from olefins having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
• the preparation of the lubricating vehicle may be carried out, in general, by distilling a liquid polymerized normal alpha-monoolefin synthetic lubricant to obtain a fraction which contains dimer, and a residual fraction which is essentially free from dimer, and then completely saturating the residual fraction by hydrogenation under catalytic hydrogenation conditions.
• the thermally polymerized olefins that are utilizable in producing the synthetic lubricating vehicle in the improved greases of the present invention include, for example, 1- hexene, l-heptene, l-octene, l-nonene, l-decene, l-undecene and l-dodecene.
• the olefin reactant can be substantially pure normal alpha-monoolefins, mixtures of olefins and/or paraffius containing substantial amounts of normal alpha-monoolefins, having between about 6 and about 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
• the aforementioned polymerization procedure can, in general, be carried out over a wide temperature range. More specifically, when catalytic polymerization is to be conducted, polymerization temperatures from about 0 F. to about 450 F. are preferably employed. When thermal polymerization is to be conducted, polymerization temperatures from about 500 F. to about 700 F. are preferably employed. The polymerization period may vary from about 1 hour to as high as about 20 hours, or longer.
• the above-indicated polymerization procedures are more fully described in US. Pat. 3,149,178.
• the aforementioned normal alpha-monoolefins employed for producing the polymer oil vehicles of the greases of the present invention, may be polymerized in the presence of ditertiary alkyl peroxide catalysts, such as are described in US. Pat. No. 2,937,129. Particularly preferred are the di-tertiary lower alkyl peroxides as catalysts. Of these, the most outstanding catalyst is di-ter tiary butyl peroxide.
• the amount of peroxide catalyst employed is from about 0.01 to about 0.3 mole per mole of normal alpha-monoolefin reactant.
• the temperature employed is the activation temperature of the peroxide catalyst, and can vary from about 100 C. to about 200 C. In general, the reaction time will vary from about one to about six hours.
• polymerized normal alpha-monoolefin oils utilizable in obtaining the lubricating vehicles of the present invention can also be readily prepared in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts under relatively mild conditions, as described in US. Pat. 3,149,178. To a great extent, the choice of catalyst and of reaction conditions can be made in order to produce polymer lubricants of desired viscosity.
• a catalyst promoter is necessary in order to produce synthetic lubricants of high quality.
• Suitable promoters include BF -decanol complex, decanol, acetic acid, and acetic acid-B1 complex.
• the polymerization is carried out at temperatures below about 60 C. for a total reaction time in the order of about 2 to about 4 hours.
• BF polymerization is carried out under pressure, a reaction time of 2 to 4 hours is employed.
• the pressure measured in terms of B1 pressure, can vary between about pounds per square inch gauge and about 500 pounds per square inch gauge, or higher.
• polymer oils are produced having kinematic viscosities of about 3-12 centistokes at 210 F.
• polymerized normal alpha-monoolefin synthettic lubricant as used herein, is intended to denote synthetic lubricants improved by polymerizing the aforementioned normal alpha-monoolefins, having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule, either thermally or catalytically, in the presence of a di-tertiary alkyl peroxide or in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, which includes boron trifluoride and aluminum chloride under mild polymerization conditions, as previously indicated.
• the aforementioned term is intended to exclude polymers which are produced in the presence of other peroxides, such as diacyl peroxides, which polymers contain structural elements of the peroxy catalyst. It has been found, in this respect, that polymers produced in the presence of a di-tertiary alkyl peroxide do not contain structural elements of the peroxide catalyst. In this respect, the latter polymers are the substantial equivalent of thermally polymerized olefins. As previously indicated, when Friedel-Crafts catalysts are employed, the polymerization conditions must be relatively mild.
• the polymerized normal alphamonoolefin synthetic lubricant to be employed as a vehicle in the novel grease compositions of the present invention, is subjected to saturation by hydrogenation.
• a more detailed description for conducting such hydrogenation will be found in US. Pat. No. 3,149,178, the subject matter of which is incorporated, in its entirety, in this application, by reference.
• the hydrogenation treatment is carried out under catalytic hydrogenation conditions, effective to produce the desired hydrogenated polymer wherein the polymer, as previously indicated, was prepared from an olefin having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
• these procedures are more fully described in US. Pat. No. 2,937,129 and US. Pat. No. 3,149,178, the subject matter of which is incorporated, in its entirety, in this application, by reference.
• organophilic clay thickeners which contain predominantly aliphatic quaternary ammonium groups, as more fully hereinafter discussed.
• representative organophilic clays which predominate in aliphatic quaternary ammonium groups include dimethyl, ditallow ammonium bentonite clays, or mixture of dimethyl, benzyltallow ammonium bentonite clays and dimethyl, ditallow ammonium bentonite clays.
• organophilic clays which do not contain predominantly aliphatic quaternary groups, may also be employed as thickeners, as for example, dimethyl, benzyl, tallow ammonium bentonite clays.
• the modified clays contemplated for use as thickening agents in the novel grease compositions of the present invention may be employed in any amount sufiicient to thicken the hydrogenated olefin polymer vehicle to produce the desired grease.
• a preferred range for this thickener is from about 5 to about 20 percent, by weight, of the total grease composition.
• the organophilic clays employed as thickeners in the grease compositions of the present invention, are characterized as modified clays, originally exhibiting a substantial base-exchange capacity (of at least 25) in which the exchangeable inorganic cation has been replaced by an onium base of such configuration as to make the surface of the clay particle organophilic and to an extent sufficient to form an onium clay having a substantial gelling characteristic in the polymer vehicle, colloidally dispersed in the vehicle.
• the clays which are useful as starting materials for making the modified clay in accordance with this invention are those exhibiting substantial base-exchange properties, and particularly those exhibiting comparatively high base-exchange properties and containing cations capable of more or less easy replacement.
• the clays particularly contemplated include the montmorillonites, viz, sodium, potassium, lithium and other bentonites, particularly of the Wyoming type; magnesium bentonite (sometimes called hectorite) and saponite; also nontronite and attapulgite, particularly that of the Georgia-Florida type. These clays, characterized by an unbalanced crystal lattice, are believed to have negative charges which are normally neutralized by inorganic cations.
• Bentonites which are particularly useful are the swelling bentonites of the Wyoming type and the swelling magnesium bentonites of the hectorite type.
• the base-exchange capacities of the various clays enumerated run from about 25 to about 100, based upon rnilliequivalents of exchangeable base per grams of clay.
• the montmorillonites have comparatively high baseexchange capacities, viz, 60100.
• Attapulgite has substantial base-exchange capacity, viz, 25-35.
• clays of higher base-exchange capacities are particularly useful where high exchange of an organic base for the cation of the clay is desired.
• a clay of the character 5 described and exhibiting substantial base-exchange capacity is reacted with an organic compound, more particularly generally defined to as an onium compound, by
• the resulting dodecylammonium bentonite is visualized the substitution for the clay cation of the cation of the as consisting of y mineral laminae
• florganic compound, which cation is of a class referred to ammonium groups fairly regularly distributed over the as an onium base.
• the present greases are not, howsurfaces and attached by means of the substituted ammoever, restricted to the use of a reaction product of a nium groups, with the hydrocarbon tails extending out base-salt with clay-salt, but includes the reaction product ovalh crystal urfaces s a material is now organo i?
• X tetravalent thermally Stable P to the bolhng pemt of the hqud as in oxonium, sulfonium, selenonium and stannonium Phase and Show ht'fle tendency to flew or run when compounds; and where X is trivalent, as in iodonium heated.
• the more dilute systems which are more or less compounds; and that they may be consid d i i liquid have viscosities much higher than those of the compounds f i b i tib i C f liquids themselves, and in most cases exhibit thixotropy -ini m, -yiium.
• the untreated sodium bentonf comparative purposes I h f ll i bl 1 ite in contact with water adsorbs large quantities of the amples 2 4 and 3 are illustrative of the improved greases Water and swells forming a e
• This Swelling has been that are obtained utilizing the aforementioned hydroattributed to the lamellar structure of the clayrnineral genated olefin polymers, as previously described as h and to agsorptlon of Water i p i onto the sirfaces fluid component or vehicle, employing both conventional of the mmeral sheets, thus g1v1ng rise to a separation of ty 6 Hyundai thickeners as W n a th 1 the sheets as the oriented water layers build up to an P g h e s e oreanop c ay appreciable depth.
• Example 2 which is essentially the Example 2 lllustretes a .synthetlc hydrogenated y sodium salt of montmor-illonitic acid, is capableof reactcarbon P y 6 P Iydeceue-I (Polymer A), ing with organic bases or their salts, e.g., vprepared in accordance with the processes described in (1) J the aforementioned. US. Pat. -No. 3,149,178, employing Namentoniw CnHzsNHZEHOE AlCl as the catalyst. As the example d scloses, this C12H25NH3.rbcntnite Na+OH polymer vehicle-1s thlckened wlth a calclum-complex i soap.
• Non-soap thickener Baragel clay and stabilizer
• Lithium soaps Type of antioxidant Part Amine Phenol typ Anti-rust additive TABLE IContinued Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Properties of fluid:
• Baragel clay comprises a mixture of dimethyl, benzyl-tallow ammonium bentonite clay and dunethyl, ditallow ammonium bentonite clay.
• Example 4 illustrates a synthetic hydrogenated hydrocarbon polymer vehicle, viz, polydecene-l (Polymer B), prepared in accordance with the process described in the aforementioned US. Pat. No. 3,149,178, employing BF as the catalyst.
• This polymer is thickened with an organophilic clay thickener and may be compared with Example 3, showing the same thickener employed with a conventional-type ester fluid.
• the grease of Example 4 exhibits superior running torque at 65 F rubber swell, and high temperature performance at 350 F., and has comparable consistency, evaporation and starting torque properties.
• the greases of Examples 6, 7 and 9 may be compared with the grease of Example 8 to show the superiority of the latter.
• the grease of Example 8 is the only grease which, simultaneously, exhibits a low rubber swell, low torque at -65 -F., and low evaporation at 350 F.
• the other greases of Examples 6, 7 and 9 may exhibit one or more of these desirable properties, but not all of them. This is clearly indicative of the unexpected superiority of the greases of the present invention over conventional-type greases prepared from esters, diesters, mineral oils, and polybutenes, as examples of conventional vehicles of the prior art.
• Polymer A of Example 2 has a viscosity of 10.52 cs. at 210 F. viscosity.
• Polymer B of Examples 4 and 8 has a viscosity of 4.32 cs. at 210 F. .viscosity.
• the manufacturing procedure employed in preparing the greases of Examples 1 and 2 comprises adding to a kettle approximately two-thirds of the fluid, the calcium acetate, calcium caprylate, and calcium stearate. This mixture is heated, with constant stirring, to a temperature of 450 F. Thereafter, the balance of the fluid is added and the resulting mixture is cooled to 200 F. The balance of the other ingredients is then added. The resulting mixture is then cooled, with constant stirring, to-
• the manufacturing procedure employed in preparing the grease of Examples 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 comprises adding to a kettle about two-thirds of the fluid, the organophilic clay, and the stabilizer (pentaerythritol), which is dissolved in about 5 parts of water.
• the resulting mixture is then heated, with constant stirring, to a temperature of 320 F.
• the balance of the fluid is added, and the resulting mixture is cooled, with constant stirring, to a temperature of about 200 F.
• the balance of the ingredients is next added and the resulting mixture is then cooled, with constant stirring, to a temperature of about 180 F.
• the product is then passed through a Tri Homo Colloid Mill at a 0.002" setting.
• the novel grease compositions of the present invention employ a hydrogenated olefin polymer, prepared from olefins having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
• a hydrogenated olefin polymer prepared from olefins having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
• Lithium hydroxy stearate Non-soap thickener BarageP clay and stabilizer 1 Fluids (wt. percent):
• Baragel clay comprises a mixture of dimethyl, benzyl-tallow ammonium bentonite clay and dimethyl, ditallow ammonium bentonite clay.
• Example 2 when lithium hydroxy stearate was employed as the thickening agent in combination with unsaturated polyhexene as a vehicle, the ASTM bomb test revealed a pressure drop of 100 p.s.i.g. as shown in Example 1. On a comparative basis, as shown in Example 3, the same grease in which the polyhexene vehicle was hydrogenated revealed a significantly improved pressure drop of only 97 p.s.i.g. It will also be noted that when a clay thickener was substituted for the lithium hydroxy stearate, as shown in Example 2, a pressure drop of 90 p.s.i.g. was obtained employing the unsaturated polyhexene vehicle.
• Example 4 when hydrogenated polyhexene was substituted as the vehicle in this same grease composition, a pressure drop of '0 was obtained.
• the hydrogenated polyhexene vehicle in the same grease composition represents a marked improvement in diminished pressure drop over the same grease which contains the unsaturated polyhexene vehicle, as revealed by the standard ASTM bomb test.
• Example 8 when hydrogenated polydecene was substituted as the vehicle in this same grease composition, a pressure drop of 0 p.s.i.g. was obtained.
• the hydrogenated polydecene vehicle in the same grease composition represents a marked improvement in diminished pressure drop over the same grease which contains the unsaturated polydecene vehicle, as revealed by the standard ASTM bomb test.
• organophilic clay thickening agents of the present invention clays are preferred in which the quaternary ammonium groups are aliphatic or predominantly aliphatic.
• three organophilic clay thickeners were evaluated for their Examples 1, 2 and 3 in the above Table III, represent non-extreme pressure greases, in which the only difference resides in the particular organophilic clay thickener. It will be noted from the table that comparable penetrations are obtained with 9% of either thickener A or thickener B and little or no leakage or slumping in the ASTM Wheel Bearing Test. With respect to thickener C, it will be noted that the grease was semi-fluid even though 10% thickener had been used. This grease exhibited excessive bleeding and slumping in the wheel bearing test.
• a grease composition comprising a hydrogenated olefin polymer vehicle, said polymer having been prepared 1 1 from an olefin having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms per molecule, and a grease-forming quantity of a thickening agent comprising an organophilic clay containing predominantly alkyl quarternary ammonium groups.
• a grease composition as defined in claim 1 in which the organophilic clay comprises a mixture of dimethyl, benzyl-tallow ammonium bentonite and dimethyl, ditallow ammonium bentonite clays.

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• 1964
  • 1964-09-16 GB GB37865/64A patent/GB1019419A/en not_active Expired
  • 1964-09-23 DE DE19641594563 patent/DE1594563A1/de active Pending
  • 1964-09-26 FR FR989500A patent/FR88752E/fr not_active Expired
• 1968
  • 1968-05-29 US US732905A patent/US3514401A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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