US3513903A - Apparatus for casting ingots - Google Patents

Apparatus for casting ingots Download PDF

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Publication number
US3513903A
US3513903A US566296A US3513903DA US3513903A US 3513903 A US3513903 A US 3513903A US 566296 A US566296 A US 566296A US 3513903D A US3513903D A US 3513903DA US 3513903 A US3513903 A US 3513903A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mold
ingots
lining
sand
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US566296A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kazuro Suzuki
Hiroshi Yamaoka
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
    • B22D9/006—Machines or plants for casting ingots for bottom casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture

Definitions

  • the upright mold wall has perforations and is lined by a thin permeable sand lining covering the perforations.
  • An evacuated jacket surrounds the mold and molten metal is supplied to the bottom of the mold cavity.
  • This invention relates to a method for casting ingots under a gas stream and more particularly relates the casting of ingots of metals or alloys.
  • steel or cast iron is utilized as mold material when ingots of metals or alloys are made and the mold has a long useful life.
  • a surface crease, crack, surface folding or blow hole is caused on the surface or in the interior of the ingot because of the high heat conductivity of the mold material and the surface lubricant used. Minor faults disappear with increasing reduction during rolling but serious faults remain after the ingots are processed to finished goods. These goods cannot be used.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a mold for casting ingots of metals or alloys with sound interior and sound outer surfaces in which a membrane formed by a thin sand lining is provided on the inner surface of a metallic mold to reduce the cooling speed of the surface of the ingots so that faults such as surface creases, cracks, surface folds or blow holes are prevented from appearing on the outer surface or in the interior of the ingots, and the gas generated from the membrane is exhausted outward the metallic mold.
  • the gas stream is used in a sand lined metallic mold with the same effect. Sound ingots having no blow hole, no surface crease nor crack are obtained in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show apparatus for casting ingots according to the present invention in respective elevational sections
  • FIG. 3 is a similar view of a modified apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a corresponding view of yet another apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5(1) and (2) respectively show the surface condition of a steel ingot made in accordance with a conventional method for casting ingots using a metallic mold and the surface condition of a stainless steel ingot made in accordance with the method for casting ingots of the present invention
  • FIGS. 6(1) and (2) are graphs showing the roughness of the surfaces illustrated in FIGS. 5(1) and (2), respectively, and
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectioned steel ingot made in a conventional metallic mold and a sectioned alloy ingot made in accordance with the present invention, respectively.
  • a thin, permeable sand lining 3 (shell mold,
  • the holes in the mold 1 are distributed uniformly and preferably filled with nonillustrated steel wires having a melting point above 1000 C., in order to prevent entry of molten metal into the holes while permitting gas generated in the mold and a gas stream applied to the mold to be exhausted through the holes.
  • the outside of the metallic mold 1 with the sand lining 3 is separated from the atmosphere by a vessel 8 closed by a plate member 10 made of paper or metal.
  • the vessel 8 is partly filled with shot 9 and partly kept without filler.
  • the bottom of the mold cavity 6 com municates with a runner 2.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is operated in the following manner: while molten metal 7 is poured into the mold cavity 6 through the runner 2, the pressure in the vessel 8 is reduced 'by means of a non-illustrated vacuum pump. At the same time, air or an inert gas is introduced through a riser 5 and is exhausted through the sand lining 3 and the holes in the mold 1. If air or an inert gas, such as argon, helium or nitrogen is introduced, the gas generated from the sand lining during casting is carried away by the inert gas without penetrating into the molten metal. No faults due to the gas are found after the molten metal is solidified.
  • air or an inert gas such as argon, helium or nitrogen
  • FIG. 2 is similar to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 except for the provision of a hollow metallic mold 11" which combines the functions of the mold 1 and of the vessel 8.
  • the operation and the effect of the appartus shown in FIG. 2 are similar to those of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 a metallic mold 1, a sand lining 3, a riser 5, a mold cavity 6 and a runner 2 are similar to corresponding elements of FIG. 1.
  • An inert gas is applied to the molten metal in mold cavity 6 from the top of the riser 5 through a pipe 12 under positive pressure.
  • the gas generated from the sand lining 3 is driven out of the mold as explained with reference to FIG. 1.
  • a thin sand lining 3 is provided on the outer face of a metallic mold 1 surrounded by a vessel 8 equipped with a riser 5.
  • Molten metal 7 is fed from a. runner 2 to a mold cavity 6 between the lining 3 and the vessel 8 to form a hollow ingot.
  • the mold 1 is exhausted by means of a vacuum pump through an exhaust pipe 13 connected thereto and gas is led from the mold cavity 6 to the exhaust pipe 13 through the sand lining 3 and the metallic mold 1.
  • the gas generated from the sand lining 3 is exhausted out of the mold as explained in reference to FIG. 1.
  • the present invention was applied to the casting of ingots as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 1 An 18-8 stainless steel ingot weighing 9 kg. was cast in a cast iron mold of the invention which had a diameter of mm. and a height of mm. The mold had 30 holes of 20 mm. diameter which were filled with sintered iron.
  • the lining of the mold consisted of silica sand bonded with phenolic resin and was 6 mm. thick. Air was drawn into the mold at a rate of 1.2 liters per minute per cm. by a vacuum of mm. water column in the mold.
  • FIG. 5(1) shows the surface of the ingot so produced.
  • FIG. 5(2) similarly shows the surface of an ingot of the same metal cast in a conventional metal mold.
  • the average surface roughness measured by a contact-point type instrument was 132p maximum for the conventional ingot 1 and was 33a maximum for the ingot 2 of the invention.
  • the cast iron mold employed had dimensions of 230 mm. x 100 mm. x 575 mm., and had 70 holes 50 mm. in diameter filled with sintered iron.
  • the sand lining was 5 mm. thick, and air was drawn into the mold at a rate of liters per minute per cm. by a negative pressure of -150 mm. water column.
  • the ingot weighed 100 kg.
  • Sections of the ingots obtained by the method of the invention (right side) under the conditions stated above and by a conventional method (left side) are shown in FIG. 7.
  • EXAMPLE 3 An ingot used as raw material for 18-8 stainless steel pipe was prepared in a cast iron mold, 516 mm. X 516 mm. x 1500 mm. provided with 196 holes 86 mm. in diameter and filled with steel wire. The mold was lined with 10 mm. of chromite sand bonded with phenolic resin, and air was drawn into the mold at a flow rate of 1.6 liters per minute per cm. by a negative pressure of 200 mm. water column in the mold, The ingot weighed 3000 kg.
  • Suitable lining materials include silica sand, zircon sand, chromite sand, alumina, magnesia or mixtures thereof.
  • the binder for the lining may be a synthetic resin, another organic material or an inorganic material.
  • Suitable synthetic resins include phenol resin, furan resin, urea resin, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
  • the other organic material may be a drying oil cereal, or sodium alginate
  • said inorganic material may be clay, sodium silicate, ethyl silicate, silicic acid gel etc.
  • the time for finishing the surface of ingots cast by the present invention is reduced to A of that needed with a conventional casting method and the yield for finished ingots is improved by TAB LE Conven- Method of tional present method invention Time for preparing surface of ingots in hours... 3. 0 0. 3 Yield for finished ingots in percent 86. 5 95. 0
  • An apparatus for casting ingots comprising:
  • a unitary self-sustaining metallic mold member having an outer upright face and .an inner upright face, said mold member being formed with a plurality of openings therethrough between said faces, said inner face bounding a mold cavity having an open top and communicating with the atmosphere through said top;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US566296A 1965-07-21 1966-07-19 Apparatus for casting ingots Expired - Lifetime US3513903A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP40043693A JPS4939380B1 (cs) 1965-07-21 1965-07-21

Publications (1)

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US3513903A true US3513903A (en) 1970-05-26

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US (1) US3513903A (cs)
JP (1) JPS4939380B1 (cs)
SE (1) SE322603B (cs)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102386A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Casting apparatus
FR2498960A1 (fr) * 1981-01-31 1982-08-06 Kloeckner Werke Ag Procede de coulee d'acier, en particulier de lingots d'acier

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US315741A (en) * 1885-04-14 Mold for casting steel
US783576A (en) * 1904-03-04 1905-02-28 Frank Haggenjos Combination metal mold for brass castings.
US863733A (en) * 1900-02-01 1907-08-20 Isaac Lehman Process or method of casting ingots.
US1544592A (en) * 1923-08-09 1925-07-07 Thomas E Murray Lining for conduits
US1585391A (en) * 1922-12-13 1926-05-18 Kubota Gonshiro Apparatus for casting cast-iron pipes
US1855529A (en) * 1931-08-05 1932-04-26 American Brake Shoe & Foundry Casting mold
US2312796A (en) * 1941-10-27 1943-03-02 Donald J Campbell Casting metals
US2379401A (en) * 1942-04-16 1945-06-26 American Steel Foundries Method and apparatus for casting metal
US2489322A (en) * 1946-08-28 1949-11-29 Hastings Mfg Co Liner for centrifugal casting molds
US2991267A (en) * 1957-04-10 1961-07-04 Morris Bean & Company Coated sand and method of making the same
US2997756A (en) * 1956-07-17 1961-08-29 Griffin Wheel Co Method and apparatus for casting ingots
US3006046A (en) * 1958-08-26 1961-10-31 Hot Tops Inc Hot top for ingot mold and method of making the same
US3098268A (en) * 1959-02-06 1963-07-23 Lothar R Zifferer Apparatus for vacuum gassing sand forms
US3099052A (en) * 1959-10-28 1963-07-30 Sumitomo Metal Ind Process and apparatus for casting utilizing gas stream
US3099868A (en) * 1960-10-10 1963-08-06 Howe Sound Co Method for manufacturing cast welding rods
US3210810A (en) * 1963-05-16 1965-10-12 Lukens Steel Co Apparatus for forming a hot top
US3222735A (en) * 1963-06-19 1965-12-14 Amsted Ind Inc Pressure casting apparatus with gaspermeable chill assembly

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US315741A (en) * 1885-04-14 Mold for casting steel
US863733A (en) * 1900-02-01 1907-08-20 Isaac Lehman Process or method of casting ingots.
US783576A (en) * 1904-03-04 1905-02-28 Frank Haggenjos Combination metal mold for brass castings.
US1585391A (en) * 1922-12-13 1926-05-18 Kubota Gonshiro Apparatus for casting cast-iron pipes
US1544592A (en) * 1923-08-09 1925-07-07 Thomas E Murray Lining for conduits
US1855529A (en) * 1931-08-05 1932-04-26 American Brake Shoe & Foundry Casting mold
US2312796A (en) * 1941-10-27 1943-03-02 Donald J Campbell Casting metals
US2379401A (en) * 1942-04-16 1945-06-26 American Steel Foundries Method and apparatus for casting metal
US2489322A (en) * 1946-08-28 1949-11-29 Hastings Mfg Co Liner for centrifugal casting molds
US2997756A (en) * 1956-07-17 1961-08-29 Griffin Wheel Co Method and apparatus for casting ingots
US2991267A (en) * 1957-04-10 1961-07-04 Morris Bean & Company Coated sand and method of making the same
US3006046A (en) * 1958-08-26 1961-10-31 Hot Tops Inc Hot top for ingot mold and method of making the same
US3098268A (en) * 1959-02-06 1963-07-23 Lothar R Zifferer Apparatus for vacuum gassing sand forms
US3099052A (en) * 1959-10-28 1963-07-30 Sumitomo Metal Ind Process and apparatus for casting utilizing gas stream
US3099868A (en) * 1960-10-10 1963-08-06 Howe Sound Co Method for manufacturing cast welding rods
US3210810A (en) * 1963-05-16 1965-10-12 Lukens Steel Co Apparatus for forming a hot top
US3222735A (en) * 1963-06-19 1965-12-14 Amsted Ind Inc Pressure casting apparatus with gaspermeable chill assembly

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102386A (en) * 1975-11-12 1978-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Casting apparatus
FR2498960A1 (fr) * 1981-01-31 1982-08-06 Kloeckner Werke Ag Procede de coulee d'acier, en particulier de lingots d'acier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU445188A3 (ru) 1974-09-30
JPS4939380B1 (cs) 1974-10-25
SE322603B (cs) 1970-04-13

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