US3508744A - Fender - Google Patents

Fender Download PDF

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Publication number
US3508744A
US3508744A US758835A US3508744DA US3508744A US 3508744 A US3508744 A US 3508744A US 758835 A US758835 A US 758835A US 3508744D A US3508744D A US 3508744DA US 3508744 A US3508744 A US 3508744A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fender
shock
portions
absorbing
buckling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US758835A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ryosuke Kikukawa
Fumiya Hamatan
Masayoshi Kuwabara
Akihisa Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bridgestone Corp
Original Assignee
Bridgestone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bridgestone Corp filed Critical Bridgestone Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3508744A publication Critical patent/US3508744A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26—Fenders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fender, more particularly to a fender to be mounted on quay walls for protecting both the ship side board and the quay wall from mechanical shocks, by absorbing kinetic energy of the ship, when the ship is going to abut on the quay for mooring.
  • An Object of the present invention is to provide a fender made of rubber and rubber-lke elastic material and having highly stable operative characteristics with a large energy absorbing power for an intermediate magnitude region of reactive force produced therein.
  • the ship is repelled from the quay by the reactive force generated in the fender and then pushed toward the quay again by the movement of water, and such reciprocative movement of the ship away from and toward the quay is gradually diminished, until the ship comes into complete stop in contact with the quay.
  • the fender is required to produce as small a reactive force as possible for a mechanical shock of given magnitude, and to have as large as energy absorbing' power as possible. Furthermore, the fender should have high workability and high durability, and should be inexpensive to'manufacture. More particularly, the fender should be easily manufacturable and readily mountable on quay walls, and should have a high resistance against various operative i conditions.
  • fenders for the aforesaid purposes include a cylindrical fender of rectangular cross section and a cyliidrical fender of circular cross section.
  • the known fenders have a disadvantage in that the location of those portions of fender holders holding each fender at opposite ends thereof, which are to be buckled upon the strike by the ship, cannot be assigned defintely, and that if the buckling of the fender holders at the opposite ends of the fender takes place in an unbalanced manner, the
  • the operative characteristics of the known fenders are not stable.
  • the cylindrical construction of the known fenders does not allow the use of large buckling stroke of the fender holders. Accordingly, the magnitude of the reactive force becomes large to reduce the amount of energy to be absorbed by the buckling.
  • the known cylindrical fenders of circular cross section produce ⁇ small reactive force, as long as the mechanical shock is small, and the amount of energy to be absorbed by such cylindrical fenders is small, and hence, if a ship is subjected to an eXcessively large shock, the cylindrical fender produces a large reactive force acting on the ship.
  • the fender has an arch-shaped lateral cross section comprising a shock-receiving portion, a pair of mounting leg portions disposed symmetrically with respect to said shock-receiving portion, and shock-absorbing portions interconnecting said mounting leg portions to said shock-receiving portion, said shock-absorbing portions having buckling points disposed on the inside surface thereof, whereby the kinetic energy of ship Striking the fender can be absorbed by the buckling of the fender at a high rate while generating only a small reactive force.
  • the fender of the present invention has stable load-strain characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a fender, embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view, taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged partial sectional views of the fender around a buckling point thereof, showing the configurations before and after buckling thereof, respectively;
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs showing the operative characteristics of the fender, as illustrated by the relatons among the compressive loading, strain, and the amount of energy absorbed;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are sectional Views of different embodiments of the present invention, shown by lateral Sections thereof, respectively.
  • a fender comprises an elongated flat shock-receiving portion 1, a pair of mounting portions 2, 2' disposed in parallel with said shockreceiving portion 1 at either side thereof, and a pair of shock-absorbing portions 3, 3' connecting said shockreceiving portion 1 to said mounting portions 2, 2', respectively, so that the fender has an arch-like lateral crosssection.
  • Each shock-absorbing portion 3 or 3' has a buckling point P or P' formed on the inner surface thereof, each said shock-absorbing portion having a lower portion eX- tending uprightly from said mounting portion and an upper portion extending obliquely toward said shockreceiving portion, said buckling point forming the boundary of said lower and said upper portions.
  • Each mounting portion 2 or 2' has a reinforcing iron plate 5 or 5' embedded therein.
  • Bolt holes 441, 4b, 41', elongated in the longitudinal direction of the fender, are bored on the mounting portions 2, 2', so that fastening bolts (not shown) anchored in quay wall structures may fit in the bolt holes 4a to 4f for securing the fender to the quay wall by using siutable nuts.
  • FIG. 3A shows structure of the buckling point P or P'.
  • Each shock-absorbing portion 3 or 3' has a comparatively thick portion adjacent to the shock-receiving portion 1 and a comparatively thin portion adjacent to the mounting potion 2 or 2', and the buckling point P or P' is located on the boundary between the comparatively thick and the comparatively thin portions.
  • the height of the fender is assumed to be H, as measured from the bottom of the mounting portion 2 or 2', to the flat top of the shockreceiving portion 1, the height of the buckling point P or P' is 0.2H to 0.5H, as measured from the bottom of the mounting portion, and the distance between the two buckling points P and P' should be 0.4H to 0.8H.
  • H height of the fender
  • the height of the buckling point P or P' is 0.2H to 0.5H, as measured from the bottom of the mounting portion, and the distance between the two buckling points P and P' should be 0.4H to 0.8H.
  • the comparatively thin portions of the shock-absorbing portion 3 or 3' extend uprightly from the mounting portion 2 or 2', while the comparatively thick portions of each shock-absorbing portion extend obliquely towards each other and join to the shock-receiving portion 1, so as to intensify the effectivity of the buckling points P, P' of the aforesaid construction.
  • curves A, a, curves B, b, and curves C, c represent operative characteristics of a fender according to the present invention, a trapezoidal hollow fender, and a cylindrical fender, respectively.
  • the fender according to the present invention has a reactive force smaller than that of the trapezoidal hollow fender.
  • the reactive force R of the fender, according to the present invention, for absorbing a given amount of energy E is smaller than the corresponding reactive force R of the trapezoidal hollow fender for absorbing the same amount of energy E
  • the fender of the present invention has a higher reactive force, as long as the amount of energy to be absorbed is small, yet the amount of energy absorbed by the fender of the invention is considerably larger than that of the aforesaid eylindrical fender.
  • the reactive force R of such known fenders becomes larger than that of the present invention.
  • buckling points were provided on the inside surface of the shock-absorbing portion by making the cross section of the fender in an arch-like shape, rather than in a circular or rectangular shape.
  • the buckling takes place for comparatively small strain, so that the reactive force curve of the fender of the invention rses only when the strain has increased to a noticeably large magnitude.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate different embodiments of the present invention.
  • the fender of FIG. 5 has a flat shockreceiving portion 1 and a pair of shock-absorbing portions 3, 3' issuing from either longitudinal edge of the shock-receiving portion 1, so as to form a certain angle between the planes of the two shock-absoring portions 3, 3'.
  • This construction is particularly useful for the case in which only the amount of energy absorbed in concerned but the reactive force need not be restricted so severely.
  • the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, has a shock-receiving portion including an arcuate top, which is suitable for the case in which the magnitude of the reactive force should be restricted.
  • the arcuate Configuration of the shock-receiving portion results in that the amount of energy absorbed is substantially independent of the difference of access angle of the ship towards the fender.
  • the fender according to the present invention has very stable operative characteristics.
  • non-circular construction of the fender simplfies the manufacture thereof, and at the same time, the dispersion of the thickness of the shock-absorbing portions can be eliminated.
  • the fender With the elongated bolt holes, the fender can be easily aligned and secured to the quay wall, even when anchor bolts for securing the fender are not installed so accurately, by allowing the adjustment of the fender position in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the fender of the present invention can be also secu red to a curved wall surface.
  • One or more of the fenders of the present invention can be disposed on the straight or Curved portions of walls of quays, piers, jetties, harbors, oil-rigs, dolphins, etc.
  • An arch-shape fender having a lateral cross section comprising,
  • shock-absorbing portions Connecting said shock-receiving portion to said mounting portions, each having a comparatively thick portion adjacent to said shock-receiving portion, a comparatively thin portion adjacent to said mounting portion, and a buckling point disposed on the inner surface of said shock-absorbing portion at the boundary between said comparatively thick and said comparatively thin portions thereof;
  • said shock-receiving portion having a tip away from the bottom of said mounting portions by a vertical distance of H, said buckling points of said shock-absorbing portions being away from said bottom of said mounting portions by a vertical distance corresponding to 0.2H to 0.5I-I and spaced each other by a distance corresponding to 0.4H to 0.8H.
  • each said shock-receiving portion has a flat top, and each said shock-receiving portion has a lower portion extending uprightly from said mounting portion and an upper portion extending obliquely toward said shock-receiving portion, said buckling point forming the boundary of said lower and said upper portions.
  • shock-receiving portion has a flat top, and said shockabsorbing portions issue from longitudinal edges of said shock-receiving portion and extend obliquely outwards to said mounting portions.
  • shock-receiving portion has an arcuate convex top, and said shock-absorbing portions issue from longitudinal edges of said shock-receiving portion and extend obliquely outwards to said mounting portions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
US758835A 1967-11-02 1968-09-10 Fender Expired - Lifetime US3508744A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9238767 1967-11-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3508744A true US3508744A (en) 1970-04-28

Family

ID=14052994

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US758835A Expired - Lifetime US3508744A (en) 1967-11-02 1968-09-10 Fender

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3508744A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1197534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MY (1) MY7300236A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE342856B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0310598B1 (en) * 1985-03-29 1991-01-23 Trelleborg Ab Fender
US6386347B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2002-05-14 Sollac Impact absorber and method of manufacture

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5438098A (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-22 Bridgestone Corp Fender
JPS5490790A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-07-18 Sumitomo Rubber Ind Fender in rubber
US4277055A (en) * 1978-09-21 1981-07-07 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Cushioning fender
JPS58189403A (ja) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-05 Bridgestone Corp 防舷材
FR2642669B1 (fr) * 1989-01-18 1993-05-07 Norsolor Sa Catalyseur et procede de deshydrogenation
AU664794B2 (en) * 1993-03-29 1995-11-30 Bridgestone Corporation Marine fenders

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197189A (en) * 1963-10-15 1965-07-27 Stephan J Pemper Dock fenders
US3418815A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-12-31 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Dock fender

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197189A (en) * 1963-10-15 1965-07-27 Stephan J Pemper Dock fenders
US3418815A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-12-31 Seibu Gomu Kagaku Kk Dock fender

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0310598B1 (en) * 1985-03-29 1991-01-23 Trelleborg Ab Fender
US6386347B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2002-05-14 Sollac Impact absorber and method of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY7300236A (en) 1973-12-31
SE342856B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-21
GB1197534A (en) 1970-07-08

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