US3508608A - Condenser tubes - Google Patents

Condenser tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3508608A
US3508608A US722011A US3508608DA US3508608A US 3508608 A US3508608 A US 3508608A US 722011 A US722011 A US 722011A US 3508608D A US3508608D A US 3508608DA US 3508608 A US3508608 A US 3508608A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
condenser
tubes
grooves
fins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US722011A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ralph C Roe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saline Water Conversion Corp USA
Original Assignee
Saline Water Conversion Corp USA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saline Water Conversion Corp USA filed Critical Saline Water Conversion Corp USA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3508608A publication Critical patent/US3508608A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/422—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/913—Condensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24744—Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fluid heat transfer systems and more particularly it concerns novel arrangements for effecting condensation of liquids from their vapors.
  • the present invention is particularly suited to steam condensers, such as may be used in saline to fresh water conversion systems, or as may be used in steam power plant operations.
  • a steam condenser comprises an outer jacket or shell into which steam is admitted.
  • a plurality of condenser tubes pass through the interior of the shell, and a coolant fluid, usually a liquid, passes through these tubes to maintain their outer, steam exposed, surfaces below the condensing temperature of the steam inside the outer shell.
  • a coolant fluid usually a liquid
  • the present invention in one aspect makes it possible to provide a vertical tube condenser arrangement without the above-described impairment of the condensing function.
  • use is made of the relatively high surface tension of water in its liquid form. This is done through the provision of a plurality of elongated narrow grooves which extend along and open out to the outer surface of each condenser tube. As condensate forms along the outer surface of each tube and begins to flow down the length of the tube, its cohesiveness or tendency toward self attraction results in the water in the grooves being effective to attract the Water on the remaining surfaces and pull this water also into the grooves. This leaves the remaining surface of the tubes free of liquid film and therefore at their maximum effectiveness.
  • a condenser tube configuration which maximizes the heat transfer characteristics between the tube and the liquid coolant flowing through it. It is, of
  • the present invention in a still further aspect makes possible a condenser tube structure in which the improved heat transfer features described above can be cooperatively combined.
  • a condenser tube having exterior grooves and interior wide base fins which are properly positioned to accommodate the grooves.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially cut away, and somewhat diagrammatic, of a vertical tube condenser in which the present invention is embodied;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational view of a condenser tube used in the condenser of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view taken along line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • a condenser 10 comprising an outer steel jacket or shell 12, and a plurality of vertically extending elongated condenser tubes 14 positioned within the shell 12.
  • the shell 12 is of generally cylindrical configuration and it encloses a condensing region 16 through which the tubes 14 pass.
  • a steam inlet 18 is provided on the side of the shell 12 for admitting steam to be condensed into the region 16.
  • upper and lower tube sheets 20 and 22 which define the upper and lower extremities of the condensing region 16.
  • the ends of the condenser tubes 14 are tightly fitted to the tube sheets so that the interiors of the condensing tubes are open to end regions 24 and 26 between each tube sheet and its respective end of the shell 12. At the same time, the interiors of the tubes 14 are isolated from the condensing region 16.
  • Coolant inlet and outlet means 28 and 30 are provided respectively at the ends of the shell 12 to permit coolant liquid to flow through the end regions 24 and 26 and the interiors of the tubes 14.
  • a condensate collection basin 32 is formed in the lower tube sheet 22, and a condensate outlet 34 is arranged to permit the collected condensate to flow from the basin 32 to the exterior of the condenser 10.
  • the condensing tubes 14 are each of similar configuration and construction. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a representative tube 14 is of elongated, tubular configuration.
  • the tube may be made of any material normally used for conventional condenser tubes. In addition, it may be formed by extrusion or any other known process which will produce the configuration described below.
  • the exterior surface of the tube 14 is formed with a plurality of spaced grooves 40 which extend along the length of the tube in parallel fashion.
  • the grooves 40 are of generally rectangular cross section and their depth into the surface of the tube 14 is greater than their width.
  • the grooves 40 open out to the outer surface of the tube 14; and they define between them lands 42 upon which condensate forms.
  • condensate initially forms also in the grooves 40; and as it flows downwardly along the grooves, it attracts the condensate formed on the lands 42. This attraction is produced by the inherent cohesiveness of water, especially of pure water such as fresh condensate. This in turn is produced through the effects of surface tension of the water.
  • the surface tension effects are such that the water attempts to maximize its volume while minimizing its surface area.
  • the configurational situation inside the grooves is more amenable to these conditions than is that on the lands themselves, the water becomes drawn off the lands and into the grooves. This leaves the lands bare and free of liquid film so that their heat transfer characteristics are not deteriorated.
  • the interior configuration of the tube 14 is defined by a plurality of longitudinally extending fins 50.
  • the fins 50 in cross section are of generally triangular configuration with apexes 52 which point toward the longitudinal axis of the tube, and wide bases 54 at the inner surface of the tube 14. It will be noted that the fins 50 thus provide straight sloping surfaces 56 which contact the liquid flowing through the tube.
  • the fins 50 are positioned in close positional relationship so that the base ends of the sloping surfaces 56 of adjacent fins actually touch each other. As a result, every segment on the exterior of the tube 14 has a corresponding segment on the interior of increased surface area.
  • the increased heat transfer surface area provided by the fins 50 is uniformly distributed about the tube 14.
  • the increased surface area serves to improve the flow of heat from the tube walls to the coolant liquid flowing through the tube.
  • the tapered or triangular configuration of the fins serves to establish heat flow paths from the outer to the inner surfaces of the tube 14 which are substantially uniformly distributed.
  • the increased heat transfer obtained by virtue of the fins 50 is not concentrated in isolated regions of the tube walls but instead, it is spread evenly about the tube. In this manner, the overall heat transfer characteristic of the condenser tube system is substantially improved.
  • each groove 40 is adjacent the base of a corresponding fin 50.
  • This arrangement is especially advantageous since the generally complementary configurations of the fins and grooves serves to minimize the amount of 4 metal (i.e. the wall thickness), required in the construction of the tube 14.
  • each element opcrates in its own manner to improve heat transfer from the steam surrounding the outside of the tube, to the coolant liquid inside the tube.
  • An improved condenser tube as in claim 1 wherein there are provided a like number of said grooves and fins and wherein each of said grooves is positioned opposite the central portion of the base of a corresponding fin.
  • a plurality of condenser tubes extending in a vertical direction through said condenser region between said tubes each being provided with a plurality of alternating elongated lands and grooves forming the external surface of said tubes and extending along the length thereof, and a plurality of elongated triangular shaped fins projecting inwardly and forming the internal surface of said tube and extending longitudinally therealong, said fins being in close side-by-side relation such that the bases of their sloping surfaces touch;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US722011A 1968-04-17 1968-04-17 Condenser tubes Expired - Lifetime US3508608A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72201168A 1968-04-17 1968-04-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3508608A true US3508608A (en) 1970-04-28

Family

ID=24900169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US722011A Expired - Lifetime US3508608A (en) 1968-04-17 1968-04-17 Condenser tubes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3508608A (de)
DE (1) DE1915197A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2006373A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1256278A (de)
IL (1) IL31776A (de)
NL (1) NL6905958A (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3762468A (en) * 1970-06-30 1973-10-02 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Heat transfer members
US3837396A (en) * 1970-09-11 1974-09-24 Borg Warner Vertical surface vapor condensers
US4253519A (en) * 1979-06-22 1981-03-03 Union Carbide Corporation Enhancement for film condensation apparatus
US4335168A (en) * 1980-08-26 1982-06-15 Capella Inc. Hair styler extrusion
US4443389A (en) * 1981-04-27 1984-04-17 Leonard Oboler Heat exchange apparatus
US4532771A (en) * 1982-07-30 1985-08-06 Showa Aluminum Corporation Cooler made of aluminum for stirling engines
US4751964A (en) * 1985-07-19 1988-06-21 Feg Fegyver-Es Gazkeszulekgyar Heat exchanger, mainly for use with gas heated devices
US5159975A (en) * 1992-02-07 1992-11-03 Murphy Guy R Unit to enhance heat transfer through heat exchanger tube
US5299605A (en) * 1991-05-24 1994-04-05 Nuovopignone-Industrie Meccaniche E Fonderia Spa Vapour recovery system for a fuel filling installation
US5375866A (en) * 1993-03-01 1994-12-27 Wagner; Wilbert A. Extension axle apparatus for over-the-road trailer assembly
WO2014145534A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Munters Corporation Indirect evaporative cooling heat exchanger
US20150123297A1 (en) * 2013-11-04 2015-05-07 Chong Mook Park Plastic Tube Screen Fills and Fabrication Thereof
US20150211789A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-07-30 Maulik R. Shelat Condenser-reboiler system and method
US9664442B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2017-05-30 Praxair Technology, Inc. Condenser-reboiler system and method with perforated vent tubes
US20180164047A1 (en) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-14 Hafez Raeisi Fard Heat exchanger including twisted tubes

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR930009932B1 (ko) * 1987-12-09 1993-10-13 후지 꾸라 덴센 가부시끼가이샤 히트파이프 및 그의 제조방법
FR2641066A1 (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-29 Orleans Universite Improvement to fluid condenser tubes with longitudinal fins and condensers using such tubes
EP1793188A1 (de) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-06 GEA Ibérica S.A. Oberflächenkondensator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US626924A (en) * 1899-06-13 The noflris peters co
US1519673A (en) * 1921-08-01 1924-12-16 Doble Lab Heater
US2467668A (en) * 1947-10-30 1949-04-19 Chase Brass & Copper Co Mandrel for expanding internallyfinned tubes
US2978797A (en) * 1954-02-22 1961-04-11 Svenska Metallverken Ab Tubular finned metal sections and manufacture thereof

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4170565A (en) * 1977-03-25 1979-10-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Substrate article for cleaning fabrics
MX151028A (es) * 1978-11-17 1984-09-11 Unilever Nv Mejoras en bolsa insoluble pero permeable al agua que tiene una capa protectora dispersable o soluble en agua,que contiene una composicion detergente en particulas
ZA86282B (en) * 1985-01-28 1987-08-26 Colgate Palmolive Co Fabric softening and antistatic liquid detergent compositions
IN165978B (de) * 1985-08-20 1990-02-17 Colgate Palmolive Co

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US626924A (en) * 1899-06-13 The noflris peters co
US1519673A (en) * 1921-08-01 1924-12-16 Doble Lab Heater
US2467668A (en) * 1947-10-30 1949-04-19 Chase Brass & Copper Co Mandrel for expanding internallyfinned tubes
US2978797A (en) * 1954-02-22 1961-04-11 Svenska Metallverken Ab Tubular finned metal sections and manufacture thereof

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3762468A (en) * 1970-06-30 1973-10-02 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Heat transfer members
US3837396A (en) * 1970-09-11 1974-09-24 Borg Warner Vertical surface vapor condensers
US4253519A (en) * 1979-06-22 1981-03-03 Union Carbide Corporation Enhancement for film condensation apparatus
US4335168A (en) * 1980-08-26 1982-06-15 Capella Inc. Hair styler extrusion
US4443389A (en) * 1981-04-27 1984-04-17 Leonard Oboler Heat exchange apparatus
US4532771A (en) * 1982-07-30 1985-08-06 Showa Aluminum Corporation Cooler made of aluminum for stirling engines
US4751964A (en) * 1985-07-19 1988-06-21 Feg Fegyver-Es Gazkeszulekgyar Heat exchanger, mainly for use with gas heated devices
US5299605A (en) * 1991-05-24 1994-04-05 Nuovopignone-Industrie Meccaniche E Fonderia Spa Vapour recovery system for a fuel filling installation
US5159975A (en) * 1992-02-07 1992-11-03 Murphy Guy R Unit to enhance heat transfer through heat exchanger tube
US5375866A (en) * 1993-03-01 1994-12-27 Wagner; Wilbert A. Extension axle apparatus for over-the-road trailer assembly
WO2014145534A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Munters Corporation Indirect evaporative cooling heat exchanger
US20150123297A1 (en) * 2013-11-04 2015-05-07 Chong Mook Park Plastic Tube Screen Fills and Fabrication Thereof
US10046502B2 (en) * 2013-11-04 2018-08-14 Chong Mook Park Plastic tube screen fills and fabrication thereof
US20150211789A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-07-30 Maulik R. Shelat Condenser-reboiler system and method
US9488408B2 (en) * 2014-01-29 2016-11-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. Condenser-reboiler system and method
US9664442B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2017-05-30 Praxair Technology, Inc. Condenser-reboiler system and method with perforated vent tubes
US10012439B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2018-07-03 Praxair Technology, Inc. Condenser-reboiler system and method
US10048004B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2018-08-14 Praxair Technology, Inc. Condenser-reboiler system and method
US20180164047A1 (en) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-14 Hafez Raeisi Fard Heat exchanger including twisted tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL31776A0 (en) 1969-05-28
DE1915197A1 (de) 1969-10-23
GB1256278A (en) 1971-12-08
FR2006373A1 (de) 1969-12-26
NL6905958A (de) 1969-10-21
IL31776A (en) 1972-08-30

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