US3508414A - Method of storing hydrogen - Google Patents
Method of storing hydrogen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3508414A US3508414A US710663A US3508414DA US3508414A US 3508414 A US3508414 A US 3508414A US 710663 A US710663 A US 710663A US 3508414D A US3508414D A US 3508414DA US 3508414 A US3508414 A US 3508414A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- alloy
- titanium
- iron
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0036—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof only containing iron and titanium; Treatment thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- a novel method for storing hydrogen by forming a hydrogen metal alloy complex, wherein hydrogen gas is absorbed into a metal alloy comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen with a solid titanium-iron alloy, said alloy containing from about 35 weight percent to about 75 weight percent titanium based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy and from about 25 weight to about 65 weight percent iron based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy, while maintaining said hydrogen and said alloy at a pressure of at least about 14 pounds per square inch and at a temperature of at least about 10 C. until said alloy has absorbed up to about 3 weight percent hydrogen based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy.
- the product formed by our method is a hydrogentitanium-iron complex, whose exact physical and chemical structure is not known at this time.
- the hydrogen-titanium-iron complexes produced by the practice of our invention are capable of emitting hydrogen at a pressure of about 3 atmospheres at ambient temperatures (20 0-). They can be readily stored by forming the complex inaccordance with the method disclosed by our invention and maintaining the complex in a pressure vessel. A more rapid release of the hydrogen can be effectuated by applying heat to the complex. To release the hydrogen from the complex, all that is required to be done is to allow the hydrogen to escapefrom the vessel in which it is contained.
- a unique feature of our novel complexes is the fact that hydrogen is released at a constant rate from a complex when the complex is maintained at a specific temperature of 25 C. until the complex contains less than 1.0 weight percent of hydrogen based on the total weight of titaniumiron alloy contained in the complex.
- a hydrogen titanium-iron complex containing 2 weight percent hydrogen based upon the weight of the titanium-iron alloy upon being heated at a constant temperature of 25 C. will maintain a hydrogen pressure of 15 lbs. per square inch above the alloy until above 1.0 weight percent of hydrogen remains in the complex.
- This feature provides those skilled in the art with a simple hydrogen source in which the rate of release can be carefully controlled by simply controlling the temperature of the complex during the release.
- our invention can be readily adapted to conventional techniques to provide a safe dependable source of hydrogen for a multitude of uses such as rockets, fuel cells, etc.
- novel hydrogen-titanium-iron complexes disclosed herein can be readily used as a source of energy avail- I able at temperatures above 10 C. to provide the required heat source to enable the hydrogen-alloy complexes disclosed in US. Patent No. 3,315,479 and US. Patent application S.N. 642,289, to give 011 the hydrogen entrained therein.
- small amounts of hydrogen can be contained in the instant alloys in a relatively small pressure vessel which can provide a means to release large amounts of hydrogen from large quantities of other hydrogen alloy complexes which latter complexes do not require pressure vessel containment at low temperatures. This advantage will greatly enhance the safety factors when such storage systems are employed in fuel cells and rockets as fuel depots. 1
- the titanium-iron alloy contains 62 weight percent titanium and 38 weight percent iron based on the total weight of the alloy.
- the alloys found usable in our invention can be produced by any convenient alloying technique. They can be produced by simply heating the proper amounts of titanium and iron under an inert atmosphere with an induction heater until a melt is formed, intimately mixing the ingredients of the melt and thereafter cooling the melt until a solid alloy is formed. Liquid metal alloys are not desirable for use in the practice of our invention because the pressure requirements required to form the desired hydrogen-alloy complex would be too great.
- Our invention is not limited to any particular physical shape of the alloy, blocks and meshes of the alloy can be employed and indeed in certainapplications, such shapes may be desirable. In practice when hydrogen is adsorbed onto solid blocks of titanium-nickel alloys and desorbed therefrom, the solid block disintegrates into a pulverulent form. Conventional pressure vessels and heating. devices may be employed in the practice of our invention;
- the hy drogen and the titanium-iron alloy are maintained at a temperature of 20 C. and maintained under. a pressure of 200 pounds per square inch absolute during the loading operation.
- the pressure can be maintained by adiiingadditionali increments of hydrogen to the system to counterbalance the increments taken up by the alloy during the absorption phase of the process.
- An upright reactor vessel consisting of a stainlesssteel tube flanged. on the top end, and having; an inside diarneter of one inch, and a. length of about 4.0-inches; was titted. with anthermocouple well in the bottomendof thevessel.
- Procedure- A 6 gm. sample of an alloy consistingof. 68. by'weight. Tiand. 32 by weight Fe was weighed out in. a dry box- The sample was pulverized so. that it: could go through a .25 mesh screen (U .S. Standard sieve series-) be re. weigh dand introduced into thev vessel. The sample; was. immersed: in acetone so that it was not exposedito air. as:-
- the vessel was. removed from the dry box. and introduced into the heater.
- Thevessel was sealerl ,.evacuated. and the sample heated in vacuo for about. two hours at. a tern.- perature of 350 C. and allowed to cool to 20 C; H was admitted to. the vessel until a. pressure. of 400- p. s.i-.a. was r ac d App o ma e y 8 0 pe nt of he-Hiultima lr absorbed was. absorbed in 32-4 minutes.
- absorption. was essentially complete, thev reactor was at room tecrnr' p re nd ga eou w ve t from t e y t m.
- said alloy being composed of'from about 35 weight percent to about 75 weight percent titanium based on the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy and from about 25 weight percent to about weight percent iron based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy, while maintaining said hydrogen and-said allow at' a pressure ofi atv least 14"pound's: per square inch an'dlat a temperature of' at. least. about 1.0' C. until said alloy has: absorbed up to about: 3 weight percent hydrogen. based on the total weight: off the: titanium-iron. alloy.
Description
United States Patent Int. '01. F17c 11/00 s. on. 624-48 l 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for storing hydrogen whereby gaseous hydrogen is adsorbed by titanium-iron alloys at temperatures. above C. and pressures above 14 pounds per square inch.
PRIOR ART Hydrogen is conventionally stored in pressure vessels which are dangerous both from fire and explosion hazards. Others in the art have tried to form stable metal hydrides in order to eliminate the hazards arising from containment of hydrogen in pressurized containers. The metals and alloys previously employed by those skilled in the art have been too expensive toallow their widespread use in conventional processes such'as rockets and fuel cells.
In US. Patent No. 3,315,479, R. H. Wiswall, Jr., and J. I. Reilly, issued Apr. 25, 1967, disclosed a method of storing hydrogen whereby gaseous hydrogen is adsorbed by nickel-magnesium alloys at temperatures above 250 C. and pressures above 18 pounds per square inch. The hydrogen loaded alloys disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,315,479, when heated to temperatures of 250 C. give oif hydrogen at a pressure of slightly over one atmosphere. I
US. Patent No. 3,375,676, James J. Reilly and Richard H. Wiswall, Jr., issued Apr. 2, 1968, entitled Method of Storing Hydrogen, disclosed a method of storing hydrogen whereby gaseous hydrogen is adsorbed by coppermagnesium alloys at temperatures above 250 C. and pressures above 30 pounds per square inch. The hydrogen loaded alloys disclosed in US. patent application S.N. 642,289 when heated to temperatures of 200 C. give off hydrogen at a constant pressure. v
It is an object of this invention to provide those skilled in the art with a simple, economical, safe method of storing hydrogen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein was made in the course of, or under a contract with the US. Atomic Energy Commission.
A novel method for storing hydrogen by forming a hydrogen metal alloy complex, wherein hydrogen gas is absorbed into a metal alloy, comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen with a solid titanium-iron alloy, said alloy containing from about 35 weight percent to about 75 weight percent titanium based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy and from about 25 weight to about 65 weight percent iron based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy, while maintaining said hydrogen and said alloy at a pressure of at least about 14 pounds per square inch and at a temperature of at least about 10 C. until said alloy has absorbed up to about 3 weight percent hydrogen based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The amount of hydrogen that can be absorbed by our amount of titanium contained in the alloy. The rate of adsorption of the hydrogen onto our novel complex is rapidwhen low temperatures (about 25- C.) and pressures of about 400 p.s.i. are employed in the loading operation. When higher temperatures are employed during the loading operation, of course higher pressures will be required. v
The product formed by our method is a hydrogentitanium-iron complex, whose exact physical and chemical structure is not known at this time.
,The hydrogen-titanium-iron complexes produced by the practice of our invention are capable of emitting hydrogen at a pressure of about 3 atmospheres at ambient temperatures (20 0-). They can be readily stored by forming the complex inaccordance with the method disclosed by our invention and maintaining the complex in a pressure vessel. A more rapid release of the hydrogen can be effectuated by applying heat to the complex. To release the hydrogen from the complex, all that is required to be done is to allow the hydrogen to escapefrom the vessel in which it is contained.
A unique feature of our novel complexes is the fact that hydrogen is released at a constant rate from a complex when the complex is maintained at a specific temperature of 25 C. until the complex contains less than 1.0 weight percent of hydrogen based on the total weight of titaniumiron alloy contained in the complex. For example, a hydrogen titanium-iron complex containing 2 weight percent hydrogen based upon the weight of the titanium-iron alloy upon being heated at a constant temperature of 25 C. will maintain a hydrogen pressure of 15 lbs. per square inch above the alloy until above 1.0 weight percent of hydrogen remains in the complex. This feature provides those skilled in the art with a simple hydrogen source in which the rate of release can be carefully controlled by simply controlling the temperature of the complex during the release. Thus, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that our invention can be readily adapted to conventional techniques to provide a safe dependable source of hydrogen for a multitude of uses such as rockets, fuel cells, etc.
Further, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the novel hydrogen-titanium-iron complexes disclosed herein can be readily used as a source of energy avail- I able at temperatures above 10 C. to provide the required heat source to enable the hydrogen-alloy complexes disclosed in US. Patent No. 3,315,479 and US. Patent application S.N. 642,289, to give 011 the hydrogen entrained therein. Thus small amounts of hydrogen can be contained in the instant alloys in a relatively small pressure vessel which can provide a means to release large amounts of hydrogen from large quantities of other hydrogen alloy complexes which latter complexes do not require pressure vessel containment at low temperatures. This advantage will greatly enhance the safety factors when such storage systems are employed in fuel cells and rockets as fuel depots. 1
In the preferred embodiment of our invention, the titanium-iron alloy contains 62 weight percent titanium and 38 weight percent iron based on the total weight of the alloy. The alloys found usable in our invention can be produced by any convenient alloying technique. They can be produced by simply heating the proper amounts of titanium and iron under an inert atmosphere with an induction heater until a melt is formed, intimately mixing the ingredients of the melt and thereafter cooling the melt until a solid alloy is formed. Liquid metal alloys are not desirable for use in the practice of our invention because the pressure requirements required to form the desired hydrogen-alloy complex would be too great. Our invention is not limited to any particular physical shape of the alloy, blocks and meshes of the alloy can be employed and indeed in certainapplications, such shapes may be desirable. In practice when hydrogen is adsorbed onto solid blocks of titanium-nickel alloys and desorbed therefrom, the solid block disintegrates into a pulverulent form. Conventional pressure vessels and heating. devices may be employed in the practice of our invention;
In the preferred embodiment of'our inventiomthe hy drogen and the titanium-iron alloy are maintained at a temperature of 20 C. and maintained under. a pressure of 200 pounds per square inch absolute during the loading operation. The pressure can be maintained by adiiingadditionali increments of hydrogen to the system to counterbalance the increments taken up by the alloy during the absorption phase of the process.
We haye found that about 4 atoms of hydrogen will be, adsorbed per atom of metal contained in. an alloy containing minimal amounts of iron. One mol of. an. alloy having the composition corresponding to T igFe will absorb up to 2 mols of hydrogen during the practice of our invention.
EXAMPLE I,
Apparatus.
An upright reactor vessel consisting of a stainlesssteel tube flanged. on the top end, and having; an inside diarneter of one inch, and a. length of about 4.0-inches; was titted. with anthermocouple well in the bottomendof thevessel. The bottom end of thevessel Wassealed andca-conneetion was fitted to the topof the=vesselto permit gasvto' be. with. drawn and introduced: in the vessel. The: vessel was in? sorted into an electrically heated. furnace. Samples; were placed inthe vessel.
Procedure- A 6 gm. sample of an alloy consistingof. 68. by'weight. Tiand. 32 by weight Fe was weighed out in. a dry box- The sample was pulverized so. that it: could go through a .25 mesh screen (U .S. Standard sieve series-) be re. weigh dand introduced into thev vessel. The sample; was. immersed: in acetone so that it was not exposedito air. as:-
the vessel was. removed from the dry box. and introduced into the heater. Thevesselwas sealerl ,.evacuated. and the sample heated in vacuo for about. two hours at. a tern.- perature of 350 C. and allowed to cool to 20 C; H was admitted to. the vessel until a. pressure. of 400- p. s.i-.a. was r ac d App o ma e y 8 0 pe nt of he-Hiultima lr absorbed was. absorbed in 32-4 minutes. When: absorption. was essentially complete, thev reactor was at room tecrnr' p re nd ga eou w ve t from t e y t m. til a predetermined. pressure of 1.4 p s.-.ila. was reached. The. a ple was h a ed o ab u 0 C- and low to com 7 4' to equilibrium and the pressure recorded. At equilibrium, some gaseous l-l was removed from the system after which a new equilibrium was reached. When no further H evolved from the sample upon removing gaseous H the entire cycle was repeated by re-adrnitting H into the system and re-absorbingH in the alloy.
Results.
tacting gaseous hydrogen with a solidtitanium-iron alloy,
said alloy being composed of'from about 35 weight percent to about 75 weight percent titanium based on the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy and from about 25 weight percent to about weight percent iron based upon the total weight of the titanium-iron alloy, while maintaining said hydrogen and-said allow at' a pressure ofi atv least 14"pound's: per square inch an'dlat a temperature of' at. least. about 1.0' C. until said alloy has: absorbed up to about: 3 weight percent hydrogen. based on the total weight: off the: titanium-iron. alloy.
2.. The method of: claim 1'. wherein said. alloy contains 68 weight: percent titanium and 32 weight percent ironbased. upon" the totali weight. of the titaniumriron alloy.
3'. 'Iihe. method at. claim. 2. whereinsaid alloy and the hyd'mgenaare maintained at a temperature of about 20 C.
and pressure: at 200. pounds per square inch.
References Git'ed UNITED STATES 1 A'EENTIS- 1,901,446 3119-3 3" Heyland't' 62-48 139611890 6 /1934 Miller et at 62-48 2;508;27r 5/1950 Krchma -1.-. 23-493 2 ,666,626 12/1 953 Spangler 6248 mass-.244 4 /1959 Milton 62-48 130059 92 11/1 957- H'agereta-li 62-48 3",3fl9g844'e' 3/1967 Hernstreet er a1; 62-555 331-5 479 4/1961 'Wiswallet a-l. 62-48 LLOYD L. KING, Primary'Examinen
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71066368A | 1968-03-05 | 1968-03-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3508414A true US3508414A (en) | 1970-04-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US710663A Expired - Lifetime US3508414A (en) | 1968-03-05 | 1968-03-05 | Method of storing hydrogen |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3922872A (en) * | 1975-02-04 | 1975-12-02 | Us Energy | Iron titanium manganase alloy hydrogen storage |
| US3943719A (en) * | 1975-02-26 | 1976-03-16 | Terry Lynn E | Hydride-dehydride power system and methods |
| DE2650276A1 (en) * | 1975-11-11 | 1977-05-12 | Philips Nv | MATERIAL CONTAINING TITANIUM AND IRON FOR STORAGE OF HYDROGEN |
| FR2361602A1 (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1978-03-10 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | HYDROGEN STORAGE PROCESS AND APPARATUS |
| US4079523A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-03-21 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Iron-titanium-mischmetal alloys for hydrogen storage |
| DE2820671A1 (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1978-12-14 | Standard Oil Co | HYDRID HEAT PUMP |
| US4133426A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-09 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Hydride container |
| US4134491A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-16 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Hydride storage containment |
| US4134490A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-16 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Gas storage containment |
| US4135621A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-23 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Hydrogen storage module |
| USRE30083E (en) * | 1975-02-04 | 1979-08-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Iron titanium manganase alloy hydrogen storage |
| FR2416051A1 (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-31 | Billings Energy Corp | PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUS GRANULATION AND ACTIVATION OF A METAL MATERIAL TO MAKE IT CAPABLE OF REACT WITH HYDROGEN AND REVERSIBLY ABSORBING IT |
| EP0009646A1 (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-04-16 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Granulate from a FeTiMn alloy for the storage of hydrogen and/or deuterium in pressure vessels and apparatus for the storage thereof |
| US4249654A (en) * | 1979-09-25 | 1981-02-10 | Helversen Frederick D | Hydrogen storage apparatus |
| US4350673A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1982-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited | Method of storing hydrogen |
| US4375257A (en) * | 1969-01-24 | 1983-03-01 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Hydrogen storage and supply device |
| WO1990008101A1 (en) * | 1989-01-16 | 1990-07-26 | Elin Energieversorgung Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Recyclable hydrogen cartridge |
| US6378601B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-04-30 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Hydrogen cooled hydrogen storage unit having a high packing density of storage alloy and encapsulation |
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| US1901446A (en) * | 1926-11-24 | 1933-03-14 | Fluga Aktien Ges | Method of conserving liquefied gases |
| US1961890A (en) * | 1931-08-14 | 1934-06-05 | Chester F Hockley | Refrigeration process |
| US2508271A (en) * | 1947-06-11 | 1950-05-16 | Du Pont | Cooling gaseous suspensions of titanium dioxide in the preparation of titanium dioxide pigments from titanium tetrachloride |
| US2663626A (en) * | 1949-05-14 | 1953-12-22 | Pritchard & Co J F | Method of storing gases |
| US2882244A (en) * | 1953-12-24 | 1959-04-14 | Union Carbide Corp | Molecular sieve adsorbents |
| US3300992A (en) * | 1964-11-03 | 1967-01-31 | Pittsburgh Activated Carbon Co | High vacuum pumping with impregnated adsorbents |
| US3309844A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1967-03-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for adsorbing gases |
| US3315479A (en) * | 1966-06-15 | 1967-04-25 | Jr Richard H Wiswall | Storing hydrogen |
-
1968
- 1968-03-05 US US710663A patent/US3508414A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1901446A (en) * | 1926-11-24 | 1933-03-14 | Fluga Aktien Ges | Method of conserving liquefied gases |
| US1961890A (en) * | 1931-08-14 | 1934-06-05 | Chester F Hockley | Refrigeration process |
| US2508271A (en) * | 1947-06-11 | 1950-05-16 | Du Pont | Cooling gaseous suspensions of titanium dioxide in the preparation of titanium dioxide pigments from titanium tetrachloride |
| US2663626A (en) * | 1949-05-14 | 1953-12-22 | Pritchard & Co J F | Method of storing gases |
| US2882244A (en) * | 1953-12-24 | 1959-04-14 | Union Carbide Corp | Molecular sieve adsorbents |
| US3309844A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1967-03-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for adsorbing gases |
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Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4375257A (en) * | 1969-01-24 | 1983-03-01 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Hydrogen storage and supply device |
| USRE30083E (en) * | 1975-02-04 | 1979-08-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Iron titanium manganase alloy hydrogen storage |
| US3922872A (en) * | 1975-02-04 | 1975-12-02 | Us Energy | Iron titanium manganase alloy hydrogen storage |
| US3943719A (en) * | 1975-02-26 | 1976-03-16 | Terry Lynn E | Hydride-dehydride power system and methods |
| DE2650276A1 (en) * | 1975-11-11 | 1977-05-12 | Philips Nv | MATERIAL CONTAINING TITANIUM AND IRON FOR STORAGE OF HYDROGEN |
| US4283226A (en) * | 1975-11-11 | 1981-08-11 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of preparing titanium iron-containing material for hydrogen storage |
| US4350673A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1982-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited | Method of storing hydrogen |
| FR2361602A1 (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1978-03-10 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | HYDROGEN STORAGE PROCESS AND APPARATUS |
| US4196525A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1980-04-08 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Storage of gas |
| FR2370101A1 (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-06-02 | Inco Europ Ltd | IRON-TITANIUM-MISCHMETAL ALLOYS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE |
| US4079523A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-03-21 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Iron-titanium-mischmetal alloys for hydrogen storage |
| DE2820671A1 (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1978-12-14 | Standard Oil Co | HYDRID HEAT PUMP |
| FR2416051A1 (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-31 | Billings Energy Corp | PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUS GRANULATION AND ACTIVATION OF A METAL MATERIAL TO MAKE IT CAPABLE OF REACT WITH HYDROGEN AND REVERSIBLY ABSORBING IT |
| US4135621A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-23 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Hydrogen storage module |
| US4134490A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-16 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Gas storage containment |
| US4134491A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-16 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Hydride storage containment |
| US4133426A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-01-09 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Hydride container |
| EP0009646A1 (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-04-16 | Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh | Granulate from a FeTiMn alloy for the storage of hydrogen and/or deuterium in pressure vessels and apparatus for the storage thereof |
| US4249654A (en) * | 1979-09-25 | 1981-02-10 | Helversen Frederick D | Hydrogen storage apparatus |
| WO1990008101A1 (en) * | 1989-01-16 | 1990-07-26 | Elin Energieversorgung Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Recyclable hydrogen cartridge |
| US6378601B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-04-30 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Hydrogen cooled hydrogen storage unit having a high packing density of storage alloy and encapsulation |
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