US3501254A - Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection - Google Patents

Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3501254A
US3501254A US669888A US3501254DA US3501254A US 3501254 A US3501254 A US 3501254A US 669888 A US669888 A US 669888A US 3501254D A US3501254D A US 3501254DA US 3501254 A US3501254 A US 3501254A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ignition
voltage
lamp
mass
flash
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US669888A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Louis Marius Nijland
Johann Schroder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3501254A publication Critical patent/US3501254A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K5/00—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices
    • F21K5/02—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K5/00—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices
    • F21K5/02—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb
    • F21K5/023—Ignition devices in photo flash bulbs

Definitions

  • a combustion flash lamp employing a combustible metal wool and an oxidizing gas in a transparent envelope has an ignition means which permits several of these lamps to be connected in parallel to a source of transient ignition voltage so that with the application of a voltage pulse, only one lamp is ignited, and after ignition, the succeeding lamp can be ignited as required.
  • the ignition means includes a pair of lead-in conductors connected within the lamp by an oxidizable conductive material, e.g. superficially oxidized metal powder, a semiconductor material and a binder; externally, the lead-in conductors of all lamps are connected in parallel with a pulse generator which generates heavily damped oscillations.
  • the invention relates to a combustion flash lamp of transparent material which contains a metal wool and an oxidizing gas which upon reaction produces actinic light, the lamp being provided with an electric ignition mechanism.
  • the metal wool generally consists of zirconium.
  • the ignition mechanism comprises two lead-in wires which can be connected outside the bulb to a voltage source and which are interconnected inside the bulb mechanically by a bead of electrically insulating material and electrically by a filament wire.
  • the ends of the lead-in wires or the filament wire are provided with an ignition mass which reacts exothermically when a given temperature is reached.
  • the ignition mass generally consists of a mixture of zirconium powder, as the case may be an oxidizer, and a binder such as nitrocellulose.
  • Flash-lamp ignition devices are known in which a numher, for example, four or five of the flash lamps described can be arranged.
  • the known and proposed devices of this kind include switching members which are operated mechanically, electrically or by means of energy emitted by a flash lamp during its ignition.
  • the combustion flash lamp having an ignition mechanism which consists of lead-in wires which may be connected outside the bulb to a current source and are interconnected inside the bulb by means of an ignition mass containing an oxidizable material and a binder
  • the ignition mass comprises either a metal powder which is superficially coated with an oxide film or another oxidizable conducting material, an electrically non-conducting oxidizer, a semiconducting material and a binder, and in that the lamp includes means which screen part of the bulb wall around one or both lead-in wires from deposition of combustion products.
  • the ignition mass is caused to react exothermically by electric breakdown through the mass and a subsequent passage of current, which results in development of heat in the mass.
  • the reaction is not initiated by an increase in temperature resulting from passage of current through a filament wire.
  • the ignition is not eflected either by flash-over between one electrode and another electrode coated with the ignition mass, which is the case in a known construction.
  • combustion flash lamps in accordance with the invention also differ essentially from known combustion flash lamps in which the lead-in wire of the lamps are interconnected by means of an ignition mass mainly con sisting of an oxidizable metal and a binder to which an oxidizer may be added.
  • the essentially different composition of the ignition mass and the new geometrical construction provide the following results.
  • combustion flash lamps according to the invention can be ignited not only in a simpler manner and with a smaller amount of energy and greater safety, but they' can also be connected in a simple manner in parallel in a holder.
  • a transient voltage pulse is applied, only one lamp ignites at a time; thus, without the use of a switching member, parallel-connected combustion flash lamps according to the invention can be ignited one after the other. This is an important advantage which has not been found in this form in any of the ignition masses used hitherto.
  • the ignition mass may be considered to comprise an electrically non-conducting mass of a binder, in which particles of an oxidizing agent are embedded which are also non-conducting. Between these constituents, the mass contains finely divided grains of an oxidizable metal coated with a thin oxide film acting as a junction layer and a finely divided semiconducting material both coated with a dielectric layer.
  • the applied voltage decreases in the resulting electrically good conducting reaction zone.
  • the resistance between the lead-in wires again increases to a high value.
  • the ignition mass should have a resistance exceeding 10 M and preferably exceeding 1000 M52.
  • the ignition mass used in the flash lamps according to the invention does not change when a voltage difference of a few hundreds of volts is applied between the lead-in wires.
  • the resistance of the mass should not increase owing to an increase in temperature resulting from direct passage of current before the exothermic reaction gives rise to a decrease of the resistance. This is achieved by the use of the electrically semiconducting material.
  • the overall resistance of the ignition mass will be reduced by addition of the semiconducting material.
  • the resistance of the ignition mass in the flash lamp according to the invention will have to be at least approximately M9.
  • the increase in conductivity of semiconductor material resulting from an increase in temperature contributes to the desired rapid decrease of the resistance of the ignition mass after breakdown.
  • the resistance between the lead-in wires increases to a high value (approximately 1 M9 or more).
  • the ignition of a next combustion flash lamp thus cannot give rise to a decrease of the voltage across the ignited lamps. This is also due to the geometry of the lamp.
  • the resistances are generally so small that after the ignition of a lamp arranged in a holder, the remaining lamps cannot ignite.
  • the reaction is incomplete, the reaction between the metal wool and the oxidizing gas producing actinic light can be initiated it is true, but the remaining part of the ignition mass may act as a current bridge when the shutter of the camera is opened again. This results in that no actinic light is then available for taking the photograph.
  • the resistance between the lead-in wires of a flash lamp increases after the ignition to a value which exceeds 10 0 and is comparable with the resistance of each of the flash lamps of the arrangement still to be ignited.
  • the ignition mass preferably contains an oxidizable material and an oxidizing agent at least in stoichiometric or substantially stoichiometric quantities, while a small excess of the oxidizable material may have a favorable effect.
  • a suitable ratio of the quantities of each of the constituents in the ignition mass may be readily determined by experiments. It then holds that with approximately stoichiometric quantities of oxidizing agent and constituents capable of reacting therewith, the resistance and the. breakdown voltage of the mass decrease with an increase of the content of electrically conducting material. The tolerance and the value of the breakdown voltages then also decrease. The risk of two or more flash lamps being ignited simultaneously gradually increases, however, from a given content when this content is increased. With an increasing content, the resistance finally becomes so small that the voltage at the ignition mass may decrease without resulting in ignition.
  • the energy to be supplied by the voltage source is very low, i.e. generally 10 to a few hundreds of microjoules.
  • the holder is electrically connected to the flash lamp contact of a camera and to a high-voltage generator.
  • This high-voltage generator must be adapted to the electrical properties of the flash lamps in the holder.
  • the voltage supplied 'by the generator must preferably have the form of a strongly damped oscillation, for example, of a pulse occurring approximately only once.
  • the oscillation time must be short with respect to the shutter times of the cameras.
  • the voltage supplied must start at a value lying below the minimum ignition voltage of the flash lamps arranged in a holder and must increase in the first place as a function of time.
  • the voltage generator is preferably chosen so that the average ignition voltage lies between A and A of the maximum voltage to be supplied by the high-voltage generator.
  • the average ignition voltage exceed /1 of the maximum voltage to be supplied by the generator, there is a great risk of one or several flash lamps in the holder failing to ignite when the flash lamp contact is closed. This may be due to the fact that in this case the generator can no longer supply a sufficient voltage and hence no longer a sufficient quantity of energy for the breakdown and ignition of the ignition mass.
  • an average ignition voltage smaller than A of the maximum voltage to be supplied by the high-voltage generator there is a great risk of two or more flash lamps being ignited simultaneously when the flash-lamp contact is closed. In this case, the energy to be supplied by the generator often suffices to ignite several flash lamps.
  • the ignition voltage is chosen to be so high that when the voltage is applied, the possibility of two or more lamps at a time or of no lamp at all being ignited is excluded.
  • the minimum value is approximately 1000 v. Upon breakdown, the voltage rapidly falls below said value.
  • the maximum voltage to be supplied by the high-voltage generator is limited by the voltage at which discharges occur outside the lamp, for example, between the lead-in wires. When no special steps are taken, which are not absolutely necessary, however, for a satisfactory operation of the holder, this maximum voltage will be approximately 4000 to 5000 v.
  • the energy supplied by the generator when the contact is closed must be suflicient to ignite one arbitrary flash lamp in the holder but not considerably higher.
  • a generator the voltage of which is sinusoidal and has a pulse width of the order of to 1000 microseconds is suitable for the object aimed at.
  • all the elements which produce much energy upon oxidation such as aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, lanthanum, titanium, niobium and thorium, are suitable for use in the preparation of the ignition mass.
  • These non-noble metals are poor conductors in the pulverulent state, since the particles are coated with an electrically insulating oxide film when exposed to the ambient atmosphere. These oxide films break down only when a given voltage is applied.
  • Elements such as silicon and boron may also be used.
  • Suitable oxidizing agents are all those compounds which produce oxygen upon reaction, such as halogenates, perhalogenates, nitrates, higher oxides and peroxides, chr0- mates, manganates, perchromates and permanganates; particularly suitable substances are, for example, alkali perchlorates and -nitrates.
  • the electrically conducting oxides such as CuO, NiO, MnO or Pb0 may be used as semiconductor materials.
  • a few of these oxides, such as MnO and PbO may be used at the same time as oxidizing agent.
  • these oxides cannot be the only oxidizing agent in the ignition mass in the flash lamps according to the invention, since in this case the resistance of the mass becomes unduly low, which, when the lamps are arranged in a holder, gives rise to failing lamps and to double ignition.
  • Another disadvantage is that in this case the reaction in the ignition mass produces too many light-absorbing compounds which reduce the light output of the flash lamp.
  • Particularly suitable semiconductor materials are complex oxides, such as electrically conducting spinels and perovskites.
  • Such a complex oxide is, for example, lanthanum cobaltite, in which part of the lanthanum is replaced by strontium.
  • Suitable binders are solid organic polymers, such as nitrocellulose and polymethylmethacrylate.
  • the activator may consist, for example, of red phosphorus, sulphur or selenium.
  • the grain sizes of the various constituents of the mass it has been found to be desirable for the grain sizes of the various constituents of the mass not to be excessively different.
  • a suitable grain size is of the order of 10 microns.
  • a satisfactory operation of the ignition mass in flash lamps according to the invention can be obtained only if the constituents of the ignition mass are thoroughly mixed.
  • the constituents are stirred with a volatile organic solvent to form a usable paste.
  • the paste is provided on the ends of the lead-in wires and the solvent is then expelled, for example, by moderate heating.
  • Ignition masses have been prepared, for example, having compositions as indicated in the table (in percent by Weight):
  • composition The substances mentioned in the table were thoroughly mixed while adding 30 to 40% by weight of a solvent, for example, lactic acid ethylester or methylglycolacetate, to form a usable paste.
  • a solvent for example, lactic acid ethylester or methylglycolacetate
  • the cobaltite mentioned in the table had a composition La Sr Co0 and the nitrocellulose was of the estersoluble type.
  • the resistance of the compositions mentioned in the table is in the lamp approximately M9 and more, while the ignition takes place between approximately 1000 and 2800 v. and generally between 1500 and 2500 v.
  • a holder which accommodates eight parallel-connected flash lamps and which is connected to a voltage source supplying a maximum voltage of 3200 v. operates without lamps failing to ignite or two or more lamps being ignited simultaneously.
  • the compositions B and D the same results were obtained if the voltage source supplied a maximum voltage of 2200 v.
  • the flash lamps in accordance with the invention means which prevent the formation of current bridges in the flash lamp between the lead-in wires by electrically conducting combustion products.
  • the electrically conducting combustion products may consist of particles of the metal wool which have not completely reacted with the gas atmosphere; the electrically conducting particles of the ignition mass may also contribute to the formation of current bridges.
  • the formation of current bridges may be prevented by ensuring that the lamp includes means which screen part of the bulb wall around one or both lead-in wires from deposition of electrically conducting combustion products. It is also required that the lead-in wires not be interconnected, as in many known lamp types, by means of a head on which a current bridge can be formed by combustion products between the ends of the lead-in wires. After it has been found that the formation of current bridges is an apparent cause of combustion flash lamps arranged in a holder in parallel connection failing to ignite, a number of means can be devised in a simple manner to prevent the formation of current bridges. Some of these means, which have proved satisfactory in practice, will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • an oxidizing agent which, when supplying oxygen, passes into a water-binding substance such as Ca(ClO which forms CaCl
  • a drying agent for example, 10 mg. of silica gel, may also be introduced into the lamp.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 are sectional views of embodiments of flash lamps according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a circuit diagram including a number of flash lamps according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a curve indicating the voltage variation as a function of time.
  • FIGURE 6 shows an embodiment of a holder which accommodates a number of lamps.
  • FIGURE 7 shows flux-time curves of a flash lamp according to the invention and of a conventional flash lamp.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an embodiment of a flash lamp according to the invention.
  • the lamp comprises a glass bulb 1 which is provided on its lower side with a pinch 2 through which are passed lead-in wires 3 and 4.
  • the lead-in wires 3 and 4 are passed through glass beads 5 and 5A, respectively, which are provided as low as possible in the bulb, while the lead-in wires are coated with glass below the beads 3A, 4A.
  • the upper sides of the beads 5 and 5A are coated with an ignition mass 6 which is in contact with the ends 7 and 8 of the lead-in wires 3 and 4 and interconnects these wires electrically.
  • the bulb 1 further contains a metal wool 9, for example, of zirconium and an oxidizing gas capable of reacting with the metal wool after ignition, such as oxygen, nitrogen fluorides (NF N F4), oxygen fluoride 2)-
  • a metal wool 9 for example, of zirconium and an oxidizing gas capable of reacting with the metal wool after ignition, such as oxygen, nitrogen fluorides (NF N F4), oxygen fluoride 2)-
  • NF N F4 nitrogen fluorides
  • FIGURE 2 and 3 have the same meaning as in FIGURE 1.
  • only one lead-in wire 3 is provided with a bead 5.
  • the head in the flash lamp of FIGURE 2 screens the part of the bulb wall 1 around the area at which the lead-in wire enters the bulb from deposition of combustion products.
  • the distance between bead and bulb wall is, for example, smaller than or at the most equal to 1 mm. The risk of a current bridge forming on the bulb wall 1 between the lead-in wires 3 and 4 is thus strongly reduced.
  • the bulb further contains grains of silica gel 6A.
  • the lead-in wires 3 and -4 are each provided with a bead '5 and 5A.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a circuit diagram
  • the high-voltage source comprises a battery 1 one terminal of which is connected through the series-combination of a resistor 2 and a capacitor 3 to a termianl of the low-voltage winding 4A of the pulse transformer.
  • the other terminal of the battery 1 is connected to the other terminal of the low-voltage winding 4A of the pulse transformer.
  • the circuit includes two switching members.
  • the switching member 5 is mechanically closed at the instant at which the holder accommodating the flash lamps is connected to the high voltage source; thus, the battery is prevented from slowly being discharged.
  • the switching member 6 is coupled with the shutter of the camera. It is closed when the shutter is opened.
  • the holder (indicated diagrammatically by a broken line 7) accommodates five parallel-connected flash lamps 8-12. The lamps are connected to the high-voltage winding 4B of the pulse transformer, as shown in the diagram.
  • a battery 1 of 6 v. a resistor 2 of 8509, a capacitor 3 of 200 ,uF and a pulse transformer 4A, 4B the low-voltage winding 4A of which consists of eight turns, while the high-voltage wind- 1 ing 4B consists of eight thousand turns on a magnetizable core.
  • a voltage source supplies a voltage of approximately 3000 v. which has approximately the form of a damped sinusoidal oscillation having an oscillation time of the order of 200 microseconds. The energy supplied is then approximately 100 microjoules.
  • FIGURE 5 shows diagrammatically the voltage variation across the lamps 8 and 12.
  • the curve 13 indicates the voltage variation across the terminals of the high-voltage winding of the pulse transformer.
  • the lines denoted by 8A-12A indicate the decrease of this voltage when, upon each closure of the camera contact, the lamps 8, 11, 9, 12 and are successively ignited.
  • the order of succession is chosen arbitrarily. In practice, the order of succession of the ignition will depend upon the properties of the ignition masses in the various lamps.
  • the voltage source may also be constituted by a dynamo or a piezo-electric crystal.
  • FIGURE 6 is an elevation of a holder accommodating flash lamps according to the invention.
  • the holder consists of a base strip 20 of synthetic resin in which slots are recessed for inserting the flash lamps 22.
  • Two metal strips, one of which (21) is shown in the figure, are arranged at right angles to the slots and in the longitudinal direction of the base plate so as to cover two sides of said slots.
  • Behind the flash lamps 22 is arranged a reflector 23 comprising a strip of metal foil folded into the shape shown.
  • the assembly is surrounded by a hood 24 of a transparent synthetic resin which is slipped with clamping fit into the base strip 20.
  • the holder is shown to scale.
  • the strips 21 and the flash lamps together form a parallel arrangement.
  • Curve A relates to a flash lamp according to the invention and curve B to a conventional flash lamp. These two lamps contain the same quantity of metal wool of zirconium and oxygen. The effect of the presence or absence of a filament wire and the effect of the location of the ignition mass in the lamp appear from the courses of the curves.
  • the contact time is smaller than 1 millisecond with curve 1 and approximately 2 milliseconds with curve B. The term contact time is employed to signify the time passing between the instant at which the current is switched on and the instant at which a noticeable quantity of actinic light is emitted by the lamp.
  • the maximum time at which the flux current is at a maximum is 8 to 9 milliseconds with curve A and 13 to 15 milliseconds with curve B.
  • the quantity of emitted light in lumen/sec. in all is approximately 10% larger with the flash lamp according to the invention (curve A) than with a conventional flash lamp (curve B).
  • the ignition mass can be arranged in the lower part of the lamp; the parts of the lead-in wires located inside the bulb may therefore be extremely small when compared with the conventional combustion flash lamps in which a filament wire is coated with ignition paste.
  • this advantage and the absence of a filament wire result in that combustion flash lamps can be manufactured in accordance with the invention which emit a quantity of light exceeding by approximately 10% that emitted by flash lamps which include a filament wire coated with ignition paste and which contain the same quantity of actinically burning material.
  • the combustion flash lamps according to the invention can be manufactured in a simpler manner and at lower costs than the conventional combustion flash lamps.
  • the flux-time curve of the combustion flash lamps according to the invention is particularly favorable when compared with the flux-time curve of similar flash lamps which are ignited by ignition paste on a filament wire.
  • the ignition mass in the combustion flash lamps according to the invention ignites the actinically combustible material in the lamp more rapidly than the ignition mass in a conventional combustion flash lamp in which the ignition cannot take place before the filament wire has attained a sutficiently high temperature.
  • This contact time is generally a few milliseconds with the conventional flash lamps and less than 1 millisecond with flash lamps according to the invention. This means that, when combustion flash lamps according to the invention are used, the times of exposure may be chosen to be shorter while retaining the adjustment of the X-contact.
  • a further advantage of the combustion flash lamp according to the invention is that, in the case of ignition by a high voltage, contact resistances resulting from corrosion of contact points substantially do not influence the ignitability of the flash lamps.
  • the combustion flash lamps according to the invention may be used advantageously in a holder in which the flash lamps are arranged in parallel connection. In such an arrangement, flash lamps failing to ignite for some reason or other remain in the holder.
  • the holder may be of a particularly simple and cheap construction. In contradistinction to series arrangement, no special switching members are required.
  • the holder may be designed for one-time use.
  • a combustion flash lamp comprising, in combination a bulb of transparent material which contains a combustible metal wool and an oxidizing gas which, upon reaction, supply actinic light, and an electric ignition mechanism comprisng lead-in wires for connecting the bulb to an external voltage source and which are interconnected inside the bulb by means of an ignition mass comprising an oxidizable conductive material, a semiconductor material and a binder, and means which screen part of the bulb wall around at least one of the lead-in wires from deposition of combustion products.
  • a combustion flash lamp as claimed in claim 1 in which the oxidizable conductive material is a metal powder superficially coated with a thin oxide layer.
  • a combustion flash lamp as claimed in claim 9 in which the oxdizing agent is selected from the group consisting of halogenates, perhalogenates, nitrates, oxides, peroxides, chromates, manganates, perchronrates and permanganates.
  • a photographic exposure device comprising, in combination, a plurality of combustion flash lamps, and means to electrically ignite each of said lamps in succession including means to generate and apply a transient igniting voltage to said lamps, and means connecting said lamps in parallel, each of said lamps comprising a light transparent envelope containing a combustible metal and an oxidizing gas therein which upon reaction generate actinic light and and lead-in wires which are connected to said ignition means and have a portion thereof within the interior of said envelope, means within said envelope for interconnecting said lead-in wires and which with the application of the transient ignition voltage between said lead-in Wires produces a reaction between said metal wool and said oxidizing gas, said means interconnecting said lead-in wires being constituted of an oxidizable conductive material, a semi-conductor material, and a binder, said means having
  • each lamp contains an activator which causes the ignition mass to react rapidly as the temperature increases.
  • a device as claimed in claim 15 in which the means for generating and applying a transient igniting voltage is a generator which produces strongly damped oscillations.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
US669888A 1966-09-30 1967-09-22 Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection Expired - Lifetime US3501254A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL666613815A NL151491B (nl) 1966-09-30 1966-09-30 Verbrandingsflitslamp.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3501254A true US3501254A (en) 1970-03-17

Family

ID=19797812

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US669888A Expired - Lifetime US3501254A (en) 1966-09-30 1967-09-22 Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3501254A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT276941B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE704457A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH466711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES345526A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1181897A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL151491B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE309158B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3627459A (en) * 1969-02-21 1971-12-14 Philips Corp Flashbulb
US3685947A (en) * 1969-10-13 1972-08-22 Philips Corp Photoflash lamp
US3714508A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-01-30 Gen Electric Sequential flashing of multiple flash lamps by low cost static control circuit of integrated design
FR2172358A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-02-19 1973-09-28 Philips Nv
US3873261A (en) * 1973-11-16 1975-03-25 Gen Electric Photoflash lamp
US3897196A (en) * 1974-02-21 1975-07-29 Gte Sylvania Inc Photoflash lamp with sealed bead
US3959860A (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-06-01 General Electric Company Method of making non-shorting photoflash lamp
US3969067A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-07-13 General Electric Company Photoflash lamp
US3972673A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-08-03 General Electric Company Photoflash lamp
US4249887A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-02-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Photoflash lamp having gap-fire ignition mount, and method of making the mount
US4363622A (en) * 1978-06-20 1982-12-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Combustion flashbulb
US20090294793A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Led package and method of manufacturing the same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771765A (en) * 1954-09-01 1956-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photoflash lamp
US3312085A (en) * 1964-03-05 1967-04-04 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Photoflash lamp with primer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771765A (en) * 1954-09-01 1956-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photoflash lamp
US3312085A (en) * 1964-03-05 1967-04-04 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Photoflash lamp with primer

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3627459A (en) * 1969-02-21 1971-12-14 Philips Corp Flashbulb
US3685947A (en) * 1969-10-13 1972-08-22 Philips Corp Photoflash lamp
US3714508A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-01-30 Gen Electric Sequential flashing of multiple flash lamps by low cost static control circuit of integrated design
FR2172358A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-02-19 1973-09-28 Philips Nv
US3873261A (en) * 1973-11-16 1975-03-25 Gen Electric Photoflash lamp
US3897196A (en) * 1974-02-21 1975-07-29 Gte Sylvania Inc Photoflash lamp with sealed bead
US3972673A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-08-03 General Electric Company Photoflash lamp
US3959860A (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-06-01 General Electric Company Method of making non-shorting photoflash lamp
US3969067A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-07-13 General Electric Company Photoflash lamp
US4249887A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-02-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Photoflash lamp having gap-fire ignition mount, and method of making the mount
US4363622A (en) * 1978-06-20 1982-12-14 U.S. Philips Corporation Combustion flashbulb
US20090294793A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Led package and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES345526A1 (es) 1969-02-01
BE704457A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-03-28
NL151491B (nl) 1976-11-15
SE309158B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-03-10
DE1597721B2 (de) 1975-11-06
GB1181897A (en) 1970-02-18
NL6613815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-04-01
AT276941B (de) 1969-12-10
CH466711A (de) 1968-12-15
DE1597721A1 (de) 1970-08-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3501254A (en) Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection
US3312085A (en) Photoflash lamp with primer
US4059388A (en) Photoflash lamp
US3459488A (en) Flashbulb and attachment for camera
US2285125A (en) Flash lamp
US4128858A (en) Multiple flashlamp system
US3666394A (en) Multiflash lamp unit
US3500732A (en) Apparatus for sequentially igniting flash lamps
US3627459A (en) Flashbulb
US3873261A (en) Photoflash lamp
CA1090602A (en) Flash lamp array having shorting lamps
US3556699A (en) Discharge ignition type photoflash lamp
US2768517A (en) Foil-filled photoflash lamp and igniter therefor
US3046769A (en) Flash lamp and ignition means therefor
US3106080A (en) Flash apparatus
US2798368A (en) Flash lamp
US4375953A (en) Miniature photoflash unit with encapsulated flash lamps
US2740281A (en) Flash lamp
US4245279A (en) Photoflash unit with inverted flashlamps
EP0062885B1 (en) Radiation-activated switch
US3220225A (en) Photoflash lamp with printed circuit lead-in conductors
US3930784A (en) Photoflash lamp having non-shorting construction
US4040777A (en) Flash lamp array having shorting lamps
US4311453A (en) High voltage flashlamp with ignition means including a plurality of spark gap members
US4334856A (en) Photoflash array with selective pairing of lamps