US349997A - Injector - Google Patents

Description

E. P. HOWE.

INJEGTOR.

Pate ed Sept. 28, 1886.

(Model.)

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ELMER I. HOVE, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

INJECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 349,997, dated September 28, 1886.

Application filed April 28, 1886.

To all whom t may concern,.-

Be it known that I, ELMER P. HoWn, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Injectors; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full. clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to improvements in those injectors which consist ofa combined ejector and injector, in which the ejector is employed to supply water continuously to the injector, which forces it into the boiler whence the actuatingsteam is taken. It is an improvement on the injector patented oy John T. Hancock in Letters Patent No. 185,861, dated January 2, 1877, known as the Inspirator.7

The object of my improvement is to provide simple and etticient means for rendering injectors of this class automatic both in starting and restarting whenever steam is properly supplied.

To get the inspirator described in Letters Patent No. 185,861 into operation, feeding a boiler, it is necessary for the engineer to manipulate four valves in proper succession, and if for any reason its operation is stopped, three of these valves, at least, must be put back into the properposition for starting, and then again successively manipulated before it will resume operation.

In my improved injector I attain the advantages of the inspirator, but dispense with all its Valves which require to be manipulated by the engineer, except that which admits and cuts off the admission of steam from the boiler.

For convenience I will hereinafter call the ejector apparatus the lifter 7 and the injector apparatus the forcerJ In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section on a plane which passes through the axes of the respective combining-tubes of the lifter and the forcer, the overflow-Valves (to be described hereinafter) being shown in elevation. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on line A B of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse vsection on line C D, Fig. l. Fig. et is a transverse section on line EF, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transverse scction on line G H, Fig. l.

Z is the casing.

Serial No. 200,473. (Model.)

J is the pipe for admission of the actuatingsteam, in which' pipe should be placed a valve to admit or cut off the iiow of steam.

I is the watersupply pipe, which communi- Cates with the reservoir or well.

L is the delivery-pipe, which leads to the boiler, in which should be placed the usual check-valve to prevent the outtiow of water from the boiler.

K is the intermediate chamber formed in the casing, which isa conduit leading to the mouth of the combiningtube ofthe forcer and also, by a passage, K, to the wastechamber O.

M is a conduit which leads from the overtlowchamber of the forcer to the Waste-chamber O. The waste-chamber O partially surrounds the conduit M and communicates with the atmosphere when the valve R, which opens outwardly, is open. It is separated from the conduit K by a wall, N, formed in the casing. (Shown in section in Figs. 3 and 4t and by dotted lines in Fig. 1.)

P is a valve, which opens inwardly, and opens or closes communication betwen the intermediate chamber, K K, and the wastechamber O.

Q is a valve opening outwardly, which opens or closes communication between the overliowchamber M ot the forcer and the waste-chamber O.

a is the steamnozzle of the lifter, which is held in position in the casing by a bindingring, a.

b is the combining-tube of the lifter,\vhicli is screwed into the casing in axial line with the nozzle a, so that its inlet end or mouth is in the water-supply conduit I and its discharge end is in the intermediate chamber, K.

c is the steanrnozzle of the forcer, which is held in position by the binding-ring c.

d is the cornbiuingtube ofthe forcer,which is screwed into the casing in axial line with its steam-nozzle c. It passes through the overflow-chamber M, and by a steam and water tight joint through the casing into vdeliverypipe L. Its inlet end is in the intermediate chamber,K,anditsdiseharge end is in the delivry-pipe L. e andf are lateral openings from the forcer combining-tube into the forcer overiiow-chamber M. The tubes a and b, when provided with the Waste-opening to the at- IOO mosphere which is furnished by the conduit K K when the valve P is open, are to be of the proper proportions, and arranged relatively to each other, so as to constitute an effective lifter or ejector. The tubes c and d are to be properly proportioned and arranged relatively to each other to constitute aforcing injector of the class known as restarting injectors having two series of relief-openings, eandf, into its oVerow-chamber, the openings e, here shown as four in number, being located in the combining-tube,where the area of the cross-section ofthe combining-tube is greater than the smallest areain crosssection of the steam-nozzle c, the total area of the holes ebel ing also in excess of the smallest area in crosssection of the steam-nozzle. The openings f, located near the throat of the combining-tube, correspond to the leap across or reliefopening of the original Giffard injector. The area ofthe under surface of the valve Q is considerably in excess of the area of the upper4 surface of the valve P. The stem Q of the valve Q extends into the overfiow-chamber O, so that when the valves Q and'P are both seated, it will be almost in contact with the similarly-projecting stem P on the under side of the valve P. rlhe valve Q has a beveledseat, and is also provided with a pistonextension, Q2, fitted loosely in the upper end of the chamber M, the object of which is to compel the valve to move a much greater distance than that which separates the stems P Q in order to insure the valve P being wide open whenever the valve Q is open.

The valve R, to prevent influx of air to the instrument, is supported against its seat by a very light spring. It is only of importance when a partial vacuum exists in the chamber K after the injector is in full operation.

The operation is as follows: Steambeing admitted through pipe J, issues through the lifter steam-nozzle a and also through the forcer steam-nozzle b. That which issues from the lifter steam-nozzle ci passes through the lifter combining-tube into the intermediate chamber, K, and the conduit K', which extends therefrom, but would be prevented from escaping into the'waste-chamber O by the closed valve P, were it not that the steam which simultaneously issues from the forcer steamnozzle c passes into the combining-tube d, out of the relief-openings e and f, and through the overfioW-chamber M, opens the valve Q, which immediately opens wide the valve P. As the surface of the forcer overiioW-valve Q exposed to pressure in the chamber M is greater than that of the lifter overtlow-valve P, which is exposed to the pressure existing in the chamber K K', the valve P, although it is under a pressure tending to close it, must yield to the action of the Valve Q and open Wide, so that the steam will issue from both the valves P and Q into the waste-chamber O, and, overcoming the slight resistance of the valve R Will escape into the air. The lifter is now operating in the ordinary way. The

steam whichpasses through it expels the air and causes the water to enter from the reservoir through the supply-pipe I and into the lifter combining-tube, whence it follows the previous course of the air and steam through the intermediate chamber, K, the conduit K', into the waste-chamber O, and out to the air through the valve R. As soon as the'waterV introduced into the intermediate chamber, K, by the lifter reaches the inlet end of the forcer combining-tube, a portion of it Will flow into the forcer combining-tube to fill the partial vacuum created by the action of the steam issuing from the nozzle c and escaping at the relief-openings e and f. This water is atirst expelled from the openings e and f into'the overflow-chamber M, whenceit escapes to the air through the Valve Q, chamber O, and Valve R. rlhe action of rthe forcer is thereafter the same as that of any single restarting forcinginjector. The velocity of the water in the .tube d is acceleratedso that it leaps across the openings 'e and for an instant spills atf until its velocity is so increased that it leaps across the Openings j' andienters the diverging part of the tube d, and inally enters the boiler. As soon, however, as the jet is thus established, the spill into the overlow-chamber M, if any, becomes so slight that the pressure in that chamber is lessened, and usually a partial vacuum Will be found therein. When this occurs,the valve Q immediately seats and prevents the influx of air. The valve P, which has hitherto been held open by the excess of pressure on the under side of the valve Q, will immediately close if there is any pressure in the intermediate chamber, K, and all the Water discharged from the lifter will thereafter, while the instrument is in operation,

be delivered through the forcer combiningtube. The instrument will now operate precisely as does the inspirator, and the lifter, if properly proportioned relatively to the forcer, will deliver the water to -the forcer in quantity equal to what the latter requires over a wide range of pressure of the actuating-steam. lThe pressure in the intermediate chamber, K, will decrease or increase with the decrease or increase in the pressure of the actuating-steam, and consequently a less or greater quantity of water will be supplied to the forcer. In case of a breakthatis,the cessation of feeding to the boiler-*steam again enters both the intermediate chamber, K, and the4 forcer overflow-chamber M. The valves P and Q are again automatically opened, as before described, and held open until the jet is established in the forcer, when the valves automatically close and the instrument is in full operation. Thus the operation will continue, merelyadmitting the actuating-steam suiiicient to automatically start, and, in case of momentary cessation, to automatically restart and maintain the proper action s0 long as the steam is supplied. The instrument will, at times when the steam-pressure is high, fail to start. In such cases it can be readily startvI IO ed, as can the ordinary Hancock inspirator, by throttlingI the steam supply valve in the pipe J until the water is lifted and the jet established, after which the valve may be fully opened. The quantity of water delivered may at all pressures be varied by manipulating the steam-supply valve in the pipe J.

Instead of the form of forcer shown and described, any one of the several forms of restarting` forcing-injectors may be substituted by making proper changes in the casing. It is only essential that the relief openings corresponding to e andf should communicate with the overliowchaxnber M,and this whether the opening corresponding to e is obtained by making the combining-tube in sections, and sliding or swinging one section away from another, or however such relief-opening is attained.

It is not essential to the successfuloperation ofthe machine that the under surface of the forcer overtiow-valve Qshould be in excess of the upper surface of I), for I have found by experiment that the machine will start and restart when these proportions are reversed; but I prefer the construction shown in the drawings7 as it insures certainty of action, even i1" from any cause the pressures in the chambers 'M and K are equal.

I claim as my inventionl. An injector which contains a restartingforcer, provided with an overIiow-valve to prevent the indraft of' air into its overiiow-ehamber, and which contains, also, a lifter which continuously supplies water tothe forcer. and is provided-with a valve on its overflow-chamber when the overiiow valves are arranged relatively to each other, as described, so that when the forcer overflow-valve is opened the lift-er overflow-valve shall also be open, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. Aninjector which contains a restartingforcer provided with an overflow-chamber, M,

and a lifter Which continuously supplies Water thereto, provided with avalve on its overdow-conduit K, adapted to be closed by pressure within that conduit, and to be opened by pressure in the overflow-chamber of the forcer, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. An injector which contains a restartingforcer provided with an overflow valve, Q, having-a piston-extension, Q2, and which contains,also,a lifter which continuously supplies water to the forcer, and is provided with a valve on its overflow-chamber when the overflow valves are arranged relatively to each other,as described,so that Whenever the forcer overflow-valve is opened the lifter overflowvalve shall be held Wide open, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. An injector which contains a forcer having relief-openings eandfand overflow-chainber M, into which the openings e andflead, a lifter which continuously supplies Water to the forcer, the intermediate chamber, K, the

common overtlow chamber O, and valves P.

and Q on opposite sides of the chamber O, operating automatically to open and close both overliows, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

5. An injector which contains a restartingforcer provided with an overtlowvalve,Q,and a lifter which continuously supplies Water to the forcer provided with an overtloWvalve,P, the forcer and lifter being arranged relatively to each other` as described, and the valve R, opening outwardly from the chamber O, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of April, A. D. 1886.

ELMER I). HOI/VE.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS G. WHIs'roN, VILLIAM A. SARGENT.

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