US3495655A - Air cooler for circulating fluids - Google Patents

Air cooler for circulating fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3495655A
US3495655A US704755A US3495655DA US3495655A US 3495655 A US3495655 A US 3495655A US 704755 A US704755 A US 704755A US 3495655D A US3495655D A US 3495655DA US 3495655 A US3495655 A US 3495655A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coil
tubes
rows
row
inlet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US704755A
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English (en)
Inventor
Homer E Fordyce
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MC ACQUISITION Corp
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Marley Co LLC
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Assigned to MARLEY COMPANY THE reassignment MARLEY COMPANY THE CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCACQUISITION CORPORATION
Assigned to MC ACQUISITION CORPORATION reassignment MC ACQUISITION CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MARLEY COMPANY, THE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/04—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid
    • F28B9/06—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/90—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • a cross flow cooling tower has an upright coil comprising a plurality of rows of nearly horizontally extending finned tubes, the rows being arranged in a shingled configuration with each tube extending around the axis of the coil from the inside to the outside thereof.
  • the primary object of this invention to provide a coil for a heat exchanger which is less subject to possible problems in operation and maintenance set forth above and which has a wider operating range, a readily controllable capacity throughout such range, and is more efiicient in operation than previous coil configurations.
  • Another important object of the instant invention is to provide a coil as aforesaid of the multiple row type having a shingled configuration which permits uniform exposure of each row of tubes thereof to the external medium and which further provides ready access to each row for maintenance purposes without interference from adjacent rows.
  • Still another important object of the invention is to provide such a coil in which each row thereof may be rapidly drained either for control purposes to deactivate a particular row or rows or in the event that shutdown of the system is required during operation under cold ambient air conditions Where freezing of the fluid in the tubes could occur.
  • Yet another important object is to provide a coil as aforesaid which is capable of utilizing nearly horizontally disposed tubes having suflicient inclination to permit the required drainage thereof, whereby the fins of the tubes may be disposed in nearly vertical planes to reduce corrosion problems which could otherwise occur due to settling of airborne corrosive particles on the surfaces of the fins.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic side view of a crossflow air cooler showing the casing and stack structure broken away and revealing one of the tube rows of the coil in side elevation;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, top plan view of the cooler shown in FIG. 1, portions of the stack and casing being broken away to reveal the storage basin and the coil therebelow;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are flow diagrams illustrating applications of the cooler of the instant invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged, detail view showing several finned tubes terminating at a header.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 66 of FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 An air cooler broadly denoted 10 comprising a mechanical and natural draft hyperbolic crossflow cooling tower is shown in detail in FIGS. 1 and 2, the illustration thereof being simplified in certain respects for purposes of clarity.
  • the cooler 10 is provided with framing 12 which supports a stack 14 and a casing 116 that merges with stack 14 and extends outwardly and downwardly therefrom in protecting relationship to an upright heat exchanger coil 18.
  • the coil 18 is of the multiple row type with each row comprising a vertical stack or bundle of nearly horizontally extending finned tubes.
  • One of the rows 20 of coil 18 is shown in side elevation in FIG. 1, five other rows 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 being broken away and revealed in cross section.
  • row 20 extends around the vertical axis of coil 18 from the inside of the coil to the outside thereof, the other rows 22-30 extending in like manner but being staggered with respect to one another to provide coil 18 with a shingled configuration.
  • the coil 18 illustrated herein is formed from a total of twelve rows of finned tubes, six such rows having been described above and the remaining six being shown at 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42.
  • the inner and outer ends of the row 20 communicate with an upright inlet or supply header 44 and an upright outlet or return header 46 respectively.
  • the other rows of tubes are likewise arranged with respect to their headers, the outlet header 48 of row 20 being shown in FIG. 2, together with the outlet headers 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58 of rows 24, 36, 28, 30 and 32 respectively.
  • the inlet headers for rows 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 may be seen at 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70 respectively.
  • the various vertically extending rows are radially spaced from one another and that the inlet and outlet headers of the rows are angularly spaced from one another at 30 intervals about the axis of coil 18.
  • the axis of the composite coil 18 is coaxial with the vertical axis of stack 14, the latter having a fan 72 therein which is arranged with a vertical axis of rotation 74 common to both of the aforementioned axes.
  • each 30 segment of each of the rows between an adjacent pair of inlet or outlet headers is arcuate with the row segments in each 30 angular span of the coil being disposed in parallelism.
  • each 30 section of the coil has a different center with respect to the arcuate row segments therein, the arrangement being such that the tubes of each row extend from the inside to the outside of the coil and terminate at inlet and outlet headers that are diametrically opposed with respect to the axis of the composite coil represented at 74.
  • This in conjunction with the 30 staggering of the inlet and outlet ends of the tube rows, produces the shingled effect referred to above.
  • the 180 tube lengths disclosed herein are purely exemplary, the teachings of the instant invention being equally applicable to tubes of other lengths including a full 360 or greater.
  • the inlet ends of the tubes of coil 18 are higher than the outlet ends thereof as is clear in FIG. 1 where it may be seen that the tubes extend nearly horizontally but are somewhat inclined. The inclination provides rapid drainage and yet permits the use of a nearly vertical fin, as will be discussed hereinafter.
  • the inlet headers are fed from a manifold 76 which circumscribes coil 18 adjacent the base thereof, one of the inlet header pipes 78 being illustrated in FIG. 2 communicating manifold 76 with inlet header 64.
  • One of the outlet header pipes 80 is illustrated communicating outlet header 50 with a storage basin 82 beneath stack 14.
  • the other inlet headers are similarly connected by header pipes to manifold 76, and the other outlet headers are similarly connected by header pipes to basin 82, such additional pipes being omitted from FIG. 2 for purposes of clarity.
  • FIGS. and 6 A connection between one of the headers and several of the finned tubes is illustrated in FIGS. and 6, the outlet header 46 being selected for illustration.
  • Three finned tubes 84 are shown in their ends communicating with header 46, each tube 84 being provided with a multitude of fin elements 86 formed as a continuous spiral. Since the tubes 84 are nearly horizontal and the fin elements 86 are relatively tightly spiralled, each element 86 is disposed in a generally vertical plane. Therefore, any airborne corrosive particles which may settle within tower are less likely to accumulate on fin elements 86 and cause corrosion thereof than if the fin elements 86 were horizontally disposed.
  • the shingled coil configuration of the instant invention permits rapid drainage of the tubes although the same are only somewhat inclined; therefore, the advantage of nearly horizontal tubes from the corrosion standpoint may be realized without impairing the drainage capability of the coil.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 illustrate exemplary applications of the cooler of the instant invention.
  • boiler 88 is shown for supplying steam to a turbine 98 which, in turn, drives a load such as an electric generator 92.
  • the turbine 90 exhausts into a direct contact condenser 94, the outlet thereof being communicated with manifold 76 via a conduit 96.
  • a pump 98 resupplies boiler 88 with water taken from conduit 96.
  • the operating water level of condenser 94 is illustrated at 100.
  • the pumping circuit through the cooling tower 10 comprises a pump 102 having a suction line 104 communicating with basin 82 and an outlet line 106 communicating with condenser 94.
  • the circuit then extends along conduit 96 to the manifold 76, the supply path to the row 36 of coil 18 being through header pipe 78 and inlet header 64.
  • the return is via an outlet header 108 and a header pipe 110 to the basin 82.
  • the other rows of coil 18 are similarly disposed in the pumping circuit by their respective inlet and outlet headers, it being understood that the illustration of coil 18 appearing in both FIGS. 3 and 4 is entirely diagramatic in nature with no attempt bein made in FIGS. 3 and 4 to show the actual angular spacing between the inlet and outlet headers 64 and 108.
  • a shutoff valve 112 is located adjacent the bottom of inlet header 64, and a fiow control valve 114 is disposed in outlet header pipe 110.
  • the other inlet and outlet headers are likewise provided with shutoff and flow control valves. Therefore, in operation, it may be seen that the rows of coil 18 may be selectively activated, depending upon load requirements and the temperature of the ambient air which flows in crossfiow relationship to the tubes of coil 18 either by natural draft or forcibly by the action of fan 72.
  • the simplified control arrangement of the instant invention is particularly advantageous in applications where the temperature of the ambient air is subject to extreme day-to-day or seasonal variations.
  • each row of the coil is equally exposed to the warmest and coolest temperature of the ambient air as the same travels in a generally radially inward direction from the outside of the tower to the base of stack 14, and thence outwardly through the top of stack 14. This produces uniform predictable chimney effects at any stage of capacity reduction while maintaining symmetrical heat distribution continuously around the tower.
  • the shingle coil also causes the airflow path to be more tortuous than if the shingled configuration were not employed, resulting in greater residence time for the ambient heat exchange medium. Therefore, an increase in the efficiency of the structure is realized. Furthermore, inspection of the coil 18 may be conducted by walking between the various rows, and maintenance thereof is greatly facilitated since adjacent rows do not interfere with each other.
  • Another distinct advantage of the instant invention is in the wider operating range achieved by the shingle coil.
  • the shingled configuration increases the maximum capacity of the coil over equivalent concentric coil arrangements, but minimum capacity operation is not impaired since, with one row active and five rows inactive on the six-row coil illustrated, the tower performs at less than /6 of its capacity at constant flow conditions.
  • This disproportionate ratio of capacity reduction is due to the fact that the finned coil air-side pressure drop is based on a six-row bundle while the total transfer for the composite coil at full capacity is based on a one-row coil.
  • the term sixrow refers to the number of rows crossed by the ambient air as it passes through the coil.
  • operation at one-row capacity as discussed would require that two of the actual tube rows covering 360 be active, such as rows 20 and 32.
  • FIG. 4 A system similar to FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIG. 4 and comprises a boiler 116 which delivers steam to a turbine 118, the latter exhausting into a shell and tube type condenser 120 to which a cool water inlet line 122 and a warm water outlet line 124 are connected. Condensate is returned from condenser 120 to boiler 116 by a pump 126.
  • a pump 128 is in the circuit through coil 18 and is provided with a suction line 130 communicating with basin 82, the outlet thereof being in communication with line 122.
  • the outlet line 124 from condenser 120 extends to the manifold 76 and the supply and return circuit through the coil is the same as described above for FIG. 3.
  • vent tubes 132 communicate with inlet header 64 at approximately the top and bottom thereof, it being understood that the other inlet headers of coil 18 are likewise vented to atmosphere at the top of tower 10 above the level of coil 18.
  • a plurality of circumferentially located manifolds may be provided to gather alternate rows together into separate pump systems.
  • filling or draining of alternate rows can occur by staging pumps on and off. For example, it may be desired to gather a five-row coil (five rows crossed by the flowing air) into three separate pump systems with the first pump handling three rows in parallel, and the other two pump systems handling one row each.
  • staging pumps in response to controls which sense fluid temperatures, the coil thus operates with any number of rows from one to five, depending on heat load and ambient temperature conditions.
  • system capacity may also be reduced for light load or cold weather conditions by locating butterfly valves intermediate the tops and bottoms of the up right headers. With these valves in the off position prior to pump start-up, the upper portions of the rows can be left without water. The lower portions then operate with decreased effective heat transfer surface and with decreased chimney etfect, the latter being due to the cold air bypass above the active coil areas.
  • a coil having a plurality of radially spaced rows of elongated tubes presenting a central upright space therewithin, said tubes being adapted to convey a.
  • each row extending at least partially around the axis of the coil with each tube having an inner end at the inside of the coil and an outer end at the outside of the coil, the horizontal spacing between adjacent rows being suflicient to permit a workman to walk therebetween and the inner and the outer ends of the tubes of each row being angularly spaced from the inner and the outer ends respectively of the tubes of the other of said rows, whereby to provide the coil with a shingled configuration;
  • each of said tubes extending generally horizontally but having its longitudinal axis inclined to a degree to permit efficient drainage of said fluid therefrom.
  • each of said tubes being finned and having a multitude of generally vertically disposed fin elements extending radially outwardly therefrom.
  • each of said tubes having the ends thereof disposed at different vertical elevations, whereby one of said ends thereof is higher than the other,
  • said conduit means including a plurality of inlet headers each communicating with the one ends of the tubes of a corresponding row, and a plurality of outlet headers each communicating with the other, lower ends of the tubes of a corresponding row.
  • each of said inlet headers having means venting the same to atmosphere, whereby the tubes may be drained by gravity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US704755A 1968-02-12 1968-02-12 Air cooler for circulating fluids Expired - Lifetime US3495655A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70475568A 1968-02-12 1968-02-12

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US (1) US3495655A (fr)
DE (1) DE1751729A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES355849A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1571138A (fr)
GB (1) GB1226429A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3685579A (en) * 1969-08-08 1972-08-22 Balcke Maschbau Ag Cooling tower system
US3851702A (en) * 1971-10-25 1974-12-03 Tyeploelektroprojekt Condensation apparatus for steam turbine plants
US3935902A (en) * 1971-10-25 1976-02-03 Tyeploelektroprojekt Condensation apparatus for steam turbine power plants
US20110227236A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for an air bypass system for a natural draft cooling tower
US20150377559A1 (en) * 2013-02-11 2015-12-31 Gea Egi Energiagazdalkodasi Zrt. Cooling Delta For A Dry Cooling System
US20160258689A1 (en) * 2015-03-03 2016-09-08 Johnson Matthey Process Technologies, Inc. Heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE7505362L (sv) * 1975-05-07 1976-11-08 Atomenergi Ab Vermevexlingsanordning
CN112624059A (zh) * 2021-01-15 2021-04-09 贵州宏泰钡业有限责任公司 一种用于克劳斯装置上的尾气硫磺液滴回收罐

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3077226A (en) * 1956-11-15 1963-02-12 Arrow Ind Mfg Company Heat exchange device
US3130780A (en) * 1960-12-29 1964-04-28 Combustion Eng Live steam reheater

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3077226A (en) * 1956-11-15 1963-02-12 Arrow Ind Mfg Company Heat exchange device
US3130780A (en) * 1960-12-29 1964-04-28 Combustion Eng Live steam reheater

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3685579A (en) * 1969-08-08 1972-08-22 Balcke Maschbau Ag Cooling tower system
US3851702A (en) * 1971-10-25 1974-12-03 Tyeploelektroprojekt Condensation apparatus for steam turbine plants
US3935902A (en) * 1971-10-25 1976-02-03 Tyeploelektroprojekt Condensation apparatus for steam turbine power plants
US20110227236A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for an air bypass system for a natural draft cooling tower
CN102213556A (zh) * 2010-03-22 2011-10-12 Spx冷却技术公司 用于自然通风冷却塔的空气旁通系统的设备和方法
US8876090B2 (en) * 2010-03-22 2014-11-04 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for an air bypass system for a natural draft cooling tower
CN102213556B (zh) * 2010-03-22 2015-04-29 Spx冷却技术公司 用于自然通风冷却塔的空气旁通系统的设备和方法
US9383141B2 (en) 2010-03-22 2016-07-05 Spx Dry Cooling Usa Llc Apparatus and method for an air bypass system for a natural draft cooling tower
US20150377559A1 (en) * 2013-02-11 2015-12-31 Gea Egi Energiagazdalkodasi Zrt. Cooling Delta For A Dry Cooling System
US20160258689A1 (en) * 2015-03-03 2016-09-08 Johnson Matthey Process Technologies, Inc. Heat exchanger
CN107407524A (zh) * 2015-03-03 2017-11-28 庄信万丰处理技术股份有限公司 热交换器
US10018423B2 (en) * 2015-03-03 2018-07-10 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1226429A (fr) 1971-03-31
FR1571138A (fr) 1969-06-13
ES355849A1 (es) 1970-01-01
DE1751729A1 (de) 1971-08-05

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MARLEY COMPANY THE

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:MCACQUISITION CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003901/0897

Effective date: 19810521

Owner name: MC ACQUISITION CORPORATION, 1900 JOHNSON DRIVE, MI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MARLEY COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:003901/0871

Effective date: 19810528