US3492601A - Three port e-plane waveguide circulator - Google Patents

Three port e-plane waveguide circulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3492601A
US3492601A US692366A US3492601DA US3492601A US 3492601 A US3492601 A US 3492601A US 692366 A US692366 A US 692366A US 3492601D A US3492601D A US 3492601DA US 3492601 A US3492601 A US 3492601A
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Prior art keywords
cavity
plane
circulator
junction
port
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Expired - Lifetime
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US692366A
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English (en)
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Masahiro Omori
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/39—Hollow waveguide circulators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to three port electromagnetic wave, waveguide circulators of the type in which three rectangular waveguides are joined in a Y-junction in a common E-plane and a magnetically polarized member of material having gyromagnetic properties is disposed in the cavity thus formed at the junction.
  • the cavity has an H-plane dimension much smaller than the H-plane dimension of the joined guides which are in turn matched to the cavity by E-plane step transformers.
  • the cavity is cylindrical and its H-plane dimension is readily adjustable over a broad range by at least one and possibly two screw plungers, the faces of which comprise the end boundaries of the cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a waveguide circulator in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3A through 3D are typical transmission versus frequency characteristics representative, respectively, of various adjustments of the circulator in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 and to the crosssectional view of a portion thereof in FIG. 2, three rectangular waveguides 11, 12 and 13 of conventional crosssectional dimensions are brought together to form a three port E-plane Y-junction which, according to accepted nomenclature, mean-s that the longitudinal axis of all guides intersect at equal angles and lie in a common plane which is parallel to the electric vector in the guides (parallel to the narrow wall).
  • a conductively bounded cylinder 14 forms a cavity which is located at the intersection of the axes with the cylindrical axis thereof perpendicular to the common E-plane.
  • Equally spaced rectangular apertures 15, 16 and 17 around the circumference of cylinder 14 connect respectively to each of guides 11, 12 and 13.
  • apertures 15, 16 and 17 have H-plane dimensions (parallel to the wide wall and designated a on FIG. 2) which are equal to the I-I-plane dimension of guides 11, 12 and 13 and E-plane dimensions (designated b on FIG. 2) which are in the order of one-half the E- plane dimension b of guides 11, 12 and 13. Transition from the cross section of apertures 15, 16 and 17 to that of the guides 11, 12 and 13 is made by steps such as 21 or 22 in one or both of the wide walls of each guide.
  • steps act as one-quarter wave transformers of conventional design
  • the physical distance between each step and the conductive wall of cavity 14 is less than any odd multiple of one-quarter guide wavelengths at the operating frequency in order to accommodate the susceptance of the cavity as will be described. It should be understood that other arrangements known in the art to be equivalent to step transformers may be employed in the transition.
  • the H-plane dimension of cavity 14 is shortened at one or both of its ends by a conductive boundary.
  • ready adjustment of the effective cavity length (a-h) is facilitated by employing conductive screw plungers 18 and 19 which each cooperate with threads upon the inner surface of cavity 14 such that either plunger may be positioned at will along the cavity axis to close a portion h thereof.
  • the cavity length may be determined in other ways, either fixed or adjustable. For normal adjustment one piston such as piston 18 alone is suflicient and for this reason piston 19 is shown with its face in line with the top boundary of apertures 15, 16 and 17.
  • the circulator is completed in usual fashion by suitably bonding to the top face of plunger 18 a disk or cylinder 20 of material exhibiting gyromagnetic properties, such as a substantially nonconductive ferrimagnetic or ferromagnetic material, for example, yttrium iron garnet or ferrite.
  • Cylinder 20 preferably has both a diameter and an axial length somewhat less than b although this relationship is a matter of design and does not appear to be critical.
  • means not shown are provided for supplying a steady magnetic biasing field through cylinder 20 in a direction parallel to the axis of the cylinder as represented by the vector H Operation of the circulator can be understood on the basis of the analysis given by Fay and Comstock in Operation of the Ferrite Junction circulator 13 IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 15, January 1965.
  • excitation at any one of guides 11, 12 or 13 sets up a pair of counter rotating field patterns of the TM mode in cylinder acting as a dielectric resonator when a resonance of the cavity is near the frequency of excitation.
  • the oppositely rotating modes have phases different from each other by an amount dependent upon the value of H Electric field nodal points are produced in the electrical field component perpendicular to the broad faces of guides 11, 12 and 13 when the two rotating fields are of opposite phase at a point.
  • H Electric field nodal points
  • a nodal point will be formed at the position of one port adjacent to the excited port while the remaining port will be remote from a nodal point.
  • the coupling is nonreciprocal to the extent that excitation of a different port will set up a different pattern of node and antinode points.
  • FIGS. 3A through 3D represent transmission versus frequency characteristics through such a transmission structure for various significant positions of piston 18.
  • FIG. 3A represents the transmission versus frequency characteristic through the junction when the surfaces of both piston 18 and 19 are flush with the top and bottom respectively of apertures 15, 16 and 17 so that h as shown on FIG.
  • the resonator exhibits the sharp dip or loss peak 31 at a frequency in the band which is characteristic of a resonant circuit in series with the transmission path. It is believed that this peak is the characteristic responsible for observed operating characteristics in all known prior art E-plane circulators.
  • the ratio of h to a increases and the loss peak 31 moves to higher frequencies.
  • a transition region occurs in which the characteristic seems to exhibit a loss peak such as 32 superimposed upon a broadband characteristic 33 typical of a parallel tuned circuit in parallel with the transmission path. This characteristic is shown dotted in FIG. 3B since its exact nature is difficult to observe with certainty.
  • a clearly defined broadband pass characteristic 34 as shown in FIG. 3C develops representing tight coupling and good transmission through the junction with low loss over a broadband.
  • this region appeared to have suitable characteristic in the range of 11 approximately 035a to 055a with apparent optimum with h approximately equal to 0.4a.
  • the bandpass characteristic shifts into that of a sharply resonant peak 35 of a parallel circuit in shunt across the transmission channel as shown in FIG. 3D.
  • operation is adjusted to occur in the range between the transition region of FIG. 3B and the sharply tuned region of FIG. 3D. Based upon the ratios noted above this means that the H-plane dimension of cavity 14 that remains open is in the range from 0.65 to 0.45 of the H-plane dimensions of guides 11, 12 and 13.
  • the transformers such as 21 and 22 are added to each port and fine adjustment of the impedance match between the cavity susceptance and the impedance of each of the waveguides 11, 12 and 13 is made by small adjustments of one or both of pistons 18 and 19.
  • piston 19 may be eliminated and piston 18 may be fixed to a value determined experimentally for a model built in accordance with FIG. 1.
  • cavity 14 is preferred only for its simplicity of design and its lack of sharp edges which might produce high voltage breakdowns.
  • Other cavity cross sections, such as square and triangular, heretofore used in the art may be employed.
  • other forms of cavity closures may be used provided they shorten the cavity for all modes in which it is capable of operation and effectively close the appropriate fraction h of the H-plane dimension of each of apertures 15, 16 and 17. Note however that an axially extending conductive proble which does not fill the cavity, allows circular magnetic modes to be supported in the lower portion of the cavity and does not completely close the apertures has been determined experimentally to be unsatisfactory.
  • An electromagnetic waveguide circulator comprising a plurality of rectangular waveguides brought together in an E-plane junction, a magnetically polarized member of gyromagnetic material disposed in the portion of said junction common to said guides, and conductive means for closing a substantial portion of the I-I-plane cross section of each of said guides at said junction.
  • the circulator according to claim 1 including means in each of said guides for matching the impedance of said guides to the impedance of said common portion.
  • sa d conductive means comprises at least one cylindrically shaped plunger which fits within said cylindrically shaped common portion and is adapted for axial positioning therein.

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US692366A 1967-12-21 1967-12-21 Three port e-plane waveguide circulator Expired - Lifetime US3492601A (en)

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US (1) US3492601A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE725654A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1815570A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1597008A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1245788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL156269B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2034666A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-03-05 1970-12-11 Int Standard Electric Corp
US3617946A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-11-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Junction circulator wherein a conductive core extends within gyromagnetic material
US4717895A (en) * 1985-07-30 1988-01-05 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh High-frequency, high-power waveguide junction circulator
US4801902A (en) * 1986-04-15 1989-01-31 Electromagnetic Sciences, Inc. Waveguide circulator with I/O port impedance matching produced by ferrite-port gap dimensioning
US6147502A (en) * 1998-04-10 2000-11-14 Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc Method and apparatus for measuring butterfat and protein content using microwave absorption techniques
US6292068B1 (en) * 1998-01-21 2001-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh E-plane waveguide circulator with a ferrite in the total height of the reduced height region
US9263783B2 (en) 2014-01-21 2016-02-16 Honeywell International Inc. Waveguide circulator having stepped floor/ceiling and quarter-wave dielectric transformer
WO2016079907A1 (ja) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-26 日本電気株式会社 サーキュレータ、及び無線通信装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19846112C1 (de) * 1998-10-07 2000-05-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Hohlleiter-Zirkulator
DE60119739T2 (de) * 2001-10-10 2007-04-26 Ericsson Ab Zirkulator

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3015787A (en) * 1957-12-02 1962-01-02 Philips Corp Waveguide circulator
US3085212A (en) * 1961-04-17 1963-04-09 Sperry Rand Corp Tunable circulator
US3311849A (en) * 1963-12-31 1967-03-28 Philips Corp Band line circulator having equal capacitances at each port in order to reduce the optimum operating frequency

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3015787A (en) * 1957-12-02 1962-01-02 Philips Corp Waveguide circulator
US3085212A (en) * 1961-04-17 1963-04-09 Sperry Rand Corp Tunable circulator
US3311849A (en) * 1963-12-31 1967-03-28 Philips Corp Band line circulator having equal capacitances at each port in order to reduce the optimum operating frequency

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2034666A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-03-05 1970-12-11 Int Standard Electric Corp
US3593210A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-07-13 Int Standard Electric Corp Waveguide junction circulator wherein all modes in each branch arm are evanescent
US3617946A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-11-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Junction circulator wherein a conductive core extends within gyromagnetic material
US4717895A (en) * 1985-07-30 1988-01-05 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh High-frequency, high-power waveguide junction circulator
US4801902A (en) * 1986-04-15 1989-01-31 Electromagnetic Sciences, Inc. Waveguide circulator with I/O port impedance matching produced by ferrite-port gap dimensioning
US6292068B1 (en) * 1998-01-21 2001-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh E-plane waveguide circulator with a ferrite in the total height of the reduced height region
US6147502A (en) * 1998-04-10 2000-11-14 Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc Method and apparatus for measuring butterfat and protein content using microwave absorption techniques
US9263783B2 (en) 2014-01-21 2016-02-16 Honeywell International Inc. Waveguide circulator having stepped floor/ceiling and quarter-wave dielectric transformer
WO2016079907A1 (ja) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-26 日本電気株式会社 サーキュレータ、及び無線通信装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1597008A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-22
DE1815570B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-09
NL6817931A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-24
DE1815570A1 (de) 1969-12-04
BE725654A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-29
NL156269B (nl) 1978-03-15
GB1245788A (en) 1971-09-08

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