US3491782A - Process and apparatus for pulsating a liquid in a column - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for pulsating a liquid in a column Download PDF

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Publication number
US3491782A
US3491782A US661333A US3491782DA US3491782A US 3491782 A US3491782 A US 3491782A US 661333 A US661333 A US 661333A US 3491782D A US3491782D A US 3491782DA US 3491782 A US3491782 A US 3491782A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
column
float
auxiliary column
valve
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US661333A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adriaan P Oele
Harry M M Otten
Johan P Nommensen
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Stamicarbon BV
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Stamicarbon BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K51/00—Other details not peculiar to particular types of valves or cut-off apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B01D11/0426—Counter-current multistage extraction towers in a vertical or sloping position
    • B01D11/0438—Counter-current multistage extraction towers in a vertical or sloping position comprising vibrating mechanisms, electromagnetic radiations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/185—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside of the pulsating type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/3115—Gas pressure storage over or displacement of liquid
    • Y10T137/3127—With gas maintenance or application
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems
    • Y10T137/7303—Control of both inflow and outflow of tank

Definitions

  • FIG.2 FOR PULSATING A LIQUID IN A COLUMN PROCESS AND APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 17, 1967 FIG.2
  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for pulsating a liquid in a column.
  • so called pulsation columns are often used for treating liquids.
  • Such columns are provided with means for pulsating the liquids in the columns, so that, in addition to their normal movement through the columns, the liquids make an intermittent up-and-down movement.
  • the applicability of a diaphragm depends, however, on the chemical resistance of the diaphragm to the liquids used in the pulsation column. Accordingly, the life of a diaphragm may be rather short, so that frequent interruption of the column operation may be required for diaphragm replacement.
  • the present invention therefore, provides a. process for pulsing liquid in a pulsation column wherein an auxiliary column of liquid is connected to and is in communication with the entry end of the pulsation column, which will normally be the bottom end of the column as the columns are usually operated in an upright position.
  • a pressure suitably a fluid pressure such as air, or an inert gas as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., is applied to the top of the auxiliary colunm of liquid to force some of the liquid out of the auxiliary colunm and into the pulsation column, whereby a pulse of liquid is superimposed on the liquid flowing through the pulsation column.
  • a sensing device is provided with the auxiliary column to sense the amount of fluid forced out of the auxiliary column.
  • the amount of liquid to be forced out of the auxiliary column may be varied widely and is governed by the amplitude of the pulse desired.
  • the applied pressure of the auxiliary column is released, which allows liquid to flow from the pulsation column back into the auxiliary column.
  • the sensing device again senses when a desired amount of liquid has flowed back into the auxiliary column, normally the same amount forced out .by the applied pressure. Thereafter the pressure is again applied to the auxiliary column and so on repeatedly. It will be apparent that the intermittent application and release of pressure on the auxiliary column accomplishes pulses, e.g. small up and down movements of liquid, superimposed on the liquid flowing through the pulsation column.
  • a device suitable for accomplishing this pulsating motion in the pulsation column comprises an auxiliary column partially filled with the same liquid as used in the pulsation column and communicating with the bottom end of the pulsation column.
  • a sensing device is associated with the auxiliary column for sensing the liquid level therein.
  • the sensing device is connected to and operates a means for applying a fluid pressure to the auxiliary column such as an inlet valve connected to the auxiliary column and to a source of compressed air.
  • the fluid pressure forces liquid out of the auxiliary column into the pulsation column until the sensing device closes the inlet valve in response to a predetermined drop in the liquid level of the auxiliary column.
  • the sensing device is also connected to a means for releasing the applied pressure such as an outlet or discharge valve which opens and releases the applied pressure in response to a predetermined drop in the liquid level of the auxiliary column.
  • a means for releasing the applied pressure such as an outlet or discharge valve which opens and releases the applied pressure in response to a predetermined drop in the liquid level of the auxiliary column.
  • an appartus wherein a float which can be moved up and down is fitted in the auxiliary column.
  • the auxiliary column is connected to and freely communicates with the entry end or bottom of the pulsation column and is shut off at the top, so that an air chamber is formed over the float, the latter fitting the auxiliary column with some clearance so that it is slidably moveable in the auxiliary column.
  • the float is connected at the top to a valve rod which projects through a valve casing with two valves which are provided in the air chamber. On either side of the casing is carried a spring-loaded disc valve.
  • a connection is provided for flowing a compressed fluid such as air or other gases to the chamber via one of the two valves accommodated in the valve casing and another connection is provided for discharging the air from the chamber via the other of the valves.
  • the liquid Before the liquid is made to pulsate, it exerts suflicient pressure on the float to make it move upwards and open the compressed fluid supply valve via the valve rod. If compressed fluid is continuously supplied, the liquid in the column will be kept pulsating in a manner which will be further discussed below.
  • a slideable plate which tightly fits inside the auxiliary column and, consequently, prevents as much as possible the free flow of liquid from the column to the air chamber, may be provided at some distance from the float bottom. If so desired, the space over the said plate may be filled with an inert liquid, preferably, a low volatile liquid.
  • the air connections to the chamber may form part of a closed air system comprising two buffer vessels and a compressor, in which case the airsupply valve is connected to the outlet side of the compressor via one of the buffer vessels and the air-discharge valve is connected to the suction side of the compressor via the other buffer vessel.
  • FIGURE 1 diagrammatically shows a vertical longitudinal section of a pulsation column provided with a device according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a detailed illustration of a vertical longitudinal section of the pressure applying and sensing device according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a modification to the pressure applying and sensing device according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 shows another modification to such a device.
  • FIGURE 1 there is shown a pulsation column 1 which, over part of its length, is filled with a packing 2. Over and under the part filled with the packing are collecting chambers 3 and 4, respectively, which are provided with liquid inlets and outlets 5 and 6 and 7 and 8, respectively.
  • connection 9 Near the bottom of the column a connection 9 is provided, which, via a valve 10, communicates pulsation column 1 with the auxiliary column 11.
  • a float 12 which is slidably moveable up and down is fitted in the said auxiliary column.
  • This float is hollow and made of a material which is resistant to the liquids present in both columns.
  • An example of this type of material is polyethylene. Other materials are chosen according to the nature of the liquid.
  • the float has a diameter such that it fits in the auxiliary column with some clearance, e.g., 1 mm.
  • the auxiliary column 11 is closed at the top, so that an air chamber 13 is formed, which chamber accommodated a pair of valves which are controlled by the movements of the float 12.
  • Connections 15 and 16 serve for the supply and the discharge of compressed air, respectively.
  • FIGURE 2 gives a detailed view of the air chamber and the valves fitted therein.
  • the auxiliary column 11 is closed at the top by a flange 17 and a cap 18, which together form the air chamber.
  • the part of the auxiliary column in which the float 12 is fitted may advantageously be made of glass or a like transparent material in order that the movements of the float can be observed during operation.
  • the float 12 carries a valve rod 19, which projects through the valve-seating block 14.
  • the rod 19 is fastened to the float 12 by means of one or more ball and socket joints 24.
  • the rod actuates disc valves 20 and 21 provided on either side of valve-seating block 14. Springs 22 and 23 serve to keep the valves 20 and 21, respectively, pressed against their seatings.
  • the part of the valve rod 19 which is in the valve casing 14 is made thicker between the valves 20 and 21, while the distance between the stop surfaces is somewhat shorter than the distance between the valve seatings, so that the valves cannot be both opened at the same time.
  • the float 12 is provided with a filling opening 25, through which liquid can be introduced into or discharged from the float for changing the total float mass if this should be required to increase the stability of the float body.
  • the operation of the pulsation device is as follows.
  • the liquid in the auxiliary column exerts an upward pressure on the float 12, as a result of which the valve 20 for the supply of compressed air is opened by means of the valve rod 19.
  • the compressed air supplied via this valve exerts a downward pressure on the liquid in the auxiliary column, in consequence of which this liquid will flow into the pulsation column 1 via the valve 10 and connection 9 and the liquid present in the pulsation column will be pushed upwards.
  • the supply valve 20 is shut off by means of spring 22, after which the discharge valve 21 is opened via the valve rod 19.
  • the decrease of the pressure exerted on the liquid in the auxiliary column allows the liquid to rise again, lifting the float.
  • the discharge valve 21 closes, after which the supply valve 20 is opened. An oscillating movement being thus brought about, the float executing a completely vertical movement in the auxiliary column.
  • the float body As compared with its diameter, the float body should be rather long to prevent jamming in the auxiliary column. The clearance of the float in the auxiliary column should not be so large that the length of stroke of the float is significantly affected.
  • the discharged air comes from a space which also contains the same liquid as contained in the pulsation column.
  • This arrangement may be objectionable if the vapor pressure of the liquid is high or if the liquid is toxic or otherwise harmful.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a modification which may be used in the above noted cases.
  • Float 30 is made rather long, and a plate 31, which is a slideable tight fit in the auxiliary column 32, is suspended from its lower end.
  • the space over the said plate and around the float 30 is now filled with an innocuous liquid having a low vapor pressure. If so required, more than one plate (not shown in the drawing) may be provided.
  • FIGURE 4 A circuit of this type is shown schematically in FIGURE 4.
  • the discharge pipe 16 of the pulsation device is connected to a buffer vessel 40, which in its turn connects to the suction side 41 of a compressor 42.
  • the outlet side 43 communicates with a second butter vessel 44, which feeds air into the air-supply connection 15 of the pulsation device.
  • a completely closed circuit which does not in any way communicate with the atmosphere has thus been obtained.
  • the circuit may be filled with an inert gas instead of with air. Naturally, the absorption of the gas into the liquid must be small in that case.
  • An additional advantage of using a closed circuit is that the efliciency of the pneumatic pulsator device can be increased by applying a higher pressure.
  • a device for pulsating a liquid flowing through a pulsation column comprising:
  • an auxiliary column being partially filled with a liquid and communicating with the bottom of a pulsation column having an inlet and an outlet through which liquid continuously flows,
  • the device of claim 1 having a float moveably disposed in the auxiliary columns, the auxiliary column having an enclosed chamber at the top thereof for receiving the said applied fluid pressure, a valve rod attached to said float and projecting through a valve-seating block having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet valve and disposed within said chamber, said valves being spring loaded disc valves disposed on either side of said valve-seating block and connected to said valve rod, a connection for a source of compressed fluid to flow into the said chamber via the fluid inlet valve, and a connection from said chamber via the fluid outlet valve for discharging the compressed fluid.
  • the float carries at least one plate which tightly fits the auxiliary column.
  • float is a hollow float, provided at the top thereof with a filling opening.
  • a device for pulsating a liquid in a column having an inlet and an outlet through which liquid continuously flows which comprises a float chamber which is closed at its top to form an air chamber at the said top end, the said float chamber communicating with the bottom of the column, a float inthe said float chamber, the top of said float being connected to a valve rod which projects through a valve-seating block in the said air chamber, the said valve rod carrying an inlet valve and an outlet valve on opposite sides of the said valve-seating block, said valves being spring-loaded disc valves, a first connection in the said valve-seating block for allowing compressed air to flow to the chamber via the said inlet valve and a second connection in the said valve-seating block allowing air to be discharged from the air chamber via the said outlet valve, the rise of liquid in the float chamber allowing the float to rise and to open the air-inlet valve via the valve rod.
  • a device in which the float carries at some distance from its lower end at least one plate which tightly fits the float chamber.
  • a device in which the space between the plate and the float is filled with a liquid other than the liquids present in the column.
  • a device in which the said air connections in the valve-seating block form part of a closed air system comprising two buffer vessels and a compressor, the air-inlet valve being connected to the outlet side of the compressor via one of the buffer vessels and the air-outlet valve being connected to the suction side of the compressor via the other buffer vessel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US661333A 1966-08-18 1967-08-17 Process and apparatus for pulsating a liquid in a column Expired - Lifetime US3491782A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6611676A NL6611676A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-08-18 1966-08-18

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US3491782A true US3491782A (en) 1970-01-27

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US (1) US3491782A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE702800A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH490112A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1667297B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
ES (1) ES344188A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR1549264A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1164710A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL6611676A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5078504A (en) * 1989-02-06 1992-01-07 Spectrum Sciences B.V. Dispersion apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541630A (en) * 1946-08-19 1951-02-13 Yeomans Brothers Co Sludge handling system and apparatus
US2898927A (en) * 1956-05-03 1959-08-11 Liquid Controls Corp Liquid valves
US3285138A (en) * 1963-07-26 1966-11-15 Stamicarbon Apparatus for imparting pulsations to a liquid within a container

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541630A (en) * 1946-08-19 1951-02-13 Yeomans Brothers Co Sludge handling system and apparatus
US2898927A (en) * 1956-05-03 1959-08-11 Liquid Controls Corp Liquid valves
US3285138A (en) * 1963-07-26 1966-11-15 Stamicarbon Apparatus for imparting pulsations to a liquid within a container

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5078504A (en) * 1989-02-06 1992-01-07 Spectrum Sciences B.V. Dispersion apparatus

Also Published As

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GB1164710A (en) 1969-09-17
BE702800A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1968-02-19
FR1549264A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1968-12-13
NL6611676A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1968-02-19
DE1667297A1 (de) 1971-06-09
CH490112A (de) 1970-05-15
ES344188A1 (es) 1968-09-01
DE1667297B2 (de) 1977-06-08

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