US3488550A - High power resonant cavity tube - Google Patents

High power resonant cavity tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US3488550A
US3488550A US652441A US3488550DA US3488550A US 3488550 A US3488550 A US 3488550A US 652441 A US652441 A US 652441A US 3488550D A US3488550D A US 3488550DA US 3488550 A US3488550 A US 3488550A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cavity
electrons
resonator
electron
resonant cavity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US652441A
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English (en)
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Henry G Oltman Jr
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Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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TRW Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to the field of cavity resonators and, more particularly, the invention is cencerned with an improved cavity resonator for increasing the interaction of the resonator with an electron stream.
  • One such device is disclosed in US. Patent No. 2,379,818, entitled Coupling Between Resonators and Electron Streams by Warren B. Mason.
  • the interaction energy between the resonant cavity and the'electron stream by increasing the physical length of the cavity and allowing the cavity to operate in the TE mode for a rectangular or square cavity and a TM mode for a circular cavity.
  • the modes of resonant cavities and waveguides designate the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields.
  • the symbol TE indicates that the electric field is everywhere transverse to the axis of the transmission line or resonator.
  • the subscript m denotes the number of maxima of electric field along the wide dimension of a rectangular waveguide, or in a resonator its equal to its length.
  • n denotes the number of maxima of electric field along the narrow dimension.
  • the mode TE therefore has one maxima along the length and another along the width.
  • this mode for a period of one cycle, generates an electric field along the long dimension of the cavity which increases from zero to a maximum, then back to zero, increasing to a maximum in the reverse direction and ends the cycle by decreasing to zero.
  • An electron entering the resonant cavity along the axial center at a time near the beginning of the cycle and exiting the cavity at a time near the end of the cycle will be positioned at all times Patented! Jan. 6, 1970 during the cycle to do work on the field.
  • the interaction time of this device will be one cycle instead of one-half cycle or less, obtainable in prior art devices.
  • the power generated by this improved cavity can be four times m re than that available from conventionally operated cavities fabricated, using the same materials.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates diagrammatic-ally a microwave oscillator of the dual resonance chamber type utilizing a rectangular and square type resonant cavity in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the distributed electric field in the square resonant cavity illustrated in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates diagrammatically a microwave oscillator of the dual resonance chamber ty-pe utilizing cylindrical resonant cavities in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a two-cavity oscillator 10 associated with the cavity resonator 16. This showing is typical only as the resonant cavity of this invention may be associated with different types of electron tubes and circuits.
  • the oscillator 10 has an evacuated container 12 of dielectric material enclosing an electron gun 13 and a collector 14. Passing through the wall of the container 12 are the disc like walls of conducting resonant cavities 15 and 16. Apertured openings pass through the center of each of the disclike walls of resonant cavities 15 and 16 and inserted into these openings are conductive grids 23, 24 and 25, 26, respectively. These grids increase the inter-action of the field with the stream.
  • the openings permit an electron stream to pass from the electron gun 13 through to the collector 14 with a minimum amount of hindrance.
  • a coaxial feedback line 17 having a coupling loop 18 at both ends serves to feed back output energy from resonant cavity 16 to resonant cavity 15. Energy of the desired oscillation frequency may be withdrawn from resonant cavity 16 by an output coaxial line 19 having a coupling loop 20 projecting into the cavity.
  • the resonant cavity 16 is approximately twice as long as resonant cavity 15.
  • FIGURE 1 also illustrates the difference between the physical size of a rectangular cavity which is operated in the TE mode (cavity 15) as versus a square cavity operated in the TE mode (cavity 16). The increased length enables a longer interaction time upon the electron stream which passes through the openings in the disc-like walls of the resonant cavity.
  • a potential source 27 is connected between the electron gun 13 and the electron collector 14 so as to provide the necessary operating potentials.
  • a tap 29 connected to the power source 27 provides a polarizing potential to the resonant cavities 15 and 16.
  • a filament supply 30 provides the electron gun 13 with the necessary potential for heating the filament.
  • the electron stream flows from the electron gun 13 to the collector 14 and thereby passes through gaps 21 and 22 in resonators 15 and 16, respectively.
  • the electron stream in passing gap 21 is subjected to a velocity variation which, in the course of transit through to the gap 22, becomes bunched so that at gap 22, it may react with the electromagnetic field within resonant cavity 16 to yield energy thereto. Oscillations of a desired frequency are fed back by the coaxial cable 17 to the resonant cavity 15.
  • the electrons situated between grids 23 and 24 are accelerated by the field produced by the cavity resonator 15 and kinetic energy is stored in these electrons.
  • the accelerated electrons begin to gain upon those ahead and thus tend to create a non-uniform density of electrons in the electron stream.
  • the electrons within the grid area that is, the area beween grids 23 and 24
  • the field will then tend to oppose their motion, thus slowing these electrons down with the result that the field absorbs energy from the electrons.
  • the electrons slowed down are gained upon by the next group of accelerated electrons, resulting in a tendency to group a bunch of the electrons.
  • the energy which the field of the resonator delivers to the electrons by accelerating them during one-half cycle is returned to the field during the succeeding half cycle when other electrons are slowed down by the field.
  • resonant cavity 16 operated in the TE mode, there exists one complete cycle of electromagnetic waves or, in other words, one complete potential difference, that is, we may think of the resonant cavity as having at approximately the halfway point an additional grid with respect to which if the potential between the grid 25 and the central grid is rising toward the maximum, then the potential between the central grid and the grid 26 is heading or decreasing toward a corresponding negative maximum.
  • the electron bunch enters this cavity past the grid 25, it generates electromagnetic waves in the cavity or does work in the cavity for the entire transition time between grids 25 and 26.
  • the output cavity 16 was illustrated operating in the TE mode. It will be obvious to persons skilled in the art that the modulating cavity 15 also may be operated inthe TE mode with a substantial increase in efficiency for the oscillator.
  • amplifiers may also utilize-this, improved resonant cavity with success.
  • energy is coupled back from the output cavity 16 to the modulating cavity 15.
  • this feedback loop can be eliminated and an input from a transmission line can be directly coupled to the resonant cavity 15 and the signalpresent on this transmission line would determine the modulation,characteristics of the electron stream passing through the resonant cavity 15.
  • the input signal could be amplified with more efiiciency than would be possible in cavities operated in the TB mode.
  • resonant cavities 15 and 16 have been replaced with corresponding cylindrical cavities 30 and 31, respectively.
  • the circular mode which corresponds to the rectangular mode TE is the TM and cavity 31 is dimensioned to support this mode for the frequency range of interest.
  • the cylindrical cavity has the distinct advantage of being relatively simple to manufacture. 1
  • a high power resonant cavity tube comprising:
  • a cavity resonator following said means for modulating and having a pair of spaced openings, said openings having a spacing related to the velocity of said electron stream so that said electrons pass through said resonator between said opening within one cycle of an electromagnetic wave excited within said resonator, said resonator having such a shape that said electromagnetic wave within said resonator has alternating fields varying in such. a manner that an electron entering said cavity resonator at the beginning of a cycle is capable of delivering energy to said electromagnetic wave during its entire passage through said cavity.
  • a high power resonant cavity tube comprising:
  • a source of an electron stream including means for accelerating said electrons to a predetermined average velocity
  • a second cavity resonator operable in the TE mode, said second'resonator having a pair of openings with a-spacing sorelated' to said average electron velocity that the electrons pass' between said openings within one cycle of an electromagnetic wave generated in said second resonator, whereby a bunch of electrons entering the first one of said openings at the beginning' of a cycle of said electromagnetic wave'are 'capable'of delivering energy to said second resonator during theen-tire'cycle of said-Wave.
  • a source of an electron stream including means for imparting to said electrons a predetermined average velocityg- I a '(b) a first cavity disposed to be transversed by said References Cited (Sleig stream for velocity-modulating said electron UNITED STATES PATENTS (c) a second cavity resonator having a pair of spaced 2,466,704 4/1949 Harrison 315 5-43 openings capable of operating in the TM mode, 5 2,621,304 12/195?- Q y et 31545-44 said openings being spaced such a distance related 10/1958 f to the average velocity of said electrons that said 3,012,170 12/1961 Hell electrons pass between said openings during one 3,376,524 4/1968 Wang 315-552 X cycle of an electromagnetic wave excited in said second resonator, whereby an electron entering said HERMAN KARL SAALBACH Pnmary Exammer second resonator at the beginning of a cycle of the 10 SAXFIELD CHAT

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US652441A 1967-07-11 1967-07-11 High power resonant cavity tube Expired - Lifetime US3488550A (en)

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US65244167A 1967-07-11 1967-07-11

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US (1) US3488550A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1766703B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1570250A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1199341A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4209755A (en) * 1977-08-01 1980-06-24 Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens S.P.A. Tunable oscillator comprising dual-cavity klystron
US4300105A (en) * 1979-01-24 1981-11-10 Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens S.P.A. Two-cavity klystron oscillator
USH1758H (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-11-03 Malouf; Perry M. Microwave amplifier having cross-polarized cavities
RU2143154C1 (ru) * 1997-07-31 1999-12-20 Дэу Электроникс Ко., Лтд. Генератор энергии микроволновой частоты для микроволновой печи
RU2144239C1 (ru) * 1997-07-31 2000-01-10 Дэу Электроникс Ко., Лтд. Генератор энергии микроволновой частоты
US20080018255A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Barnett Larry R Electro-permanent magnet for power microwave tubes
US20110083956A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-04-14 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method For Producing Fatty Acid Alkanol Amides
US20110089019A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-04-21 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method For Producing Amides of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
US20110089020A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-04-21 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method for Producing Amides of Ethylenically Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
US20110137081A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-06-09 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method For Producing Amides Of Low Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
US9711314B2 (en) 2014-09-11 2017-07-18 Larry R. Barnett Compact magnet system for a high-power millimeter-wave gyrotron

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5304942A (en) * 1992-05-12 1994-04-19 Litton Systems, Inc. Extended interaction output circuit for a broad band relativistic klystron
US5469024A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-11-21 Litton Systems, Inc. Leaky wall filter for use in extended interaction klystron
US5469023A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-11-21 Litton Systems, Inc. Capacitive stub for enhancing efficiency and bandwidth in a klystron
US5504393A (en) * 1994-04-29 1996-04-02 Litton Systems, Inc. Combination tuner and second harmonic suppressor for extended interaction klystron
US6259207B1 (en) 1998-07-27 2001-07-10 Litton Systems, Inc. Waveguide series resonant cavity for enhancing efficiency and bandwidth in a klystron

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466704A (en) * 1945-08-30 1949-04-12 Sperry Corp Frequency multiplier apparatus
US2621304A (en) * 1944-09-19 1952-12-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Vacuum tube with ultrahigh frequency
US2858473A (en) * 1954-12-02 1958-10-28 Philco Corp High frequency coupling system
US3012170A (en) * 1958-08-29 1961-12-05 Eitel Mccullough Inc Charged particle beam modulating means and method
US3376524A (en) * 1964-07-13 1968-04-02 Sperry Rand Corp Double-mode broadband resonant cavity

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE467362A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1941-03-07

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2621304A (en) * 1944-09-19 1952-12-09 Int Standard Electric Corp Vacuum tube with ultrahigh frequency
US2466704A (en) * 1945-08-30 1949-04-12 Sperry Corp Frequency multiplier apparatus
US2858473A (en) * 1954-12-02 1958-10-28 Philco Corp High frequency coupling system
US3012170A (en) * 1958-08-29 1961-12-05 Eitel Mccullough Inc Charged particle beam modulating means and method
US3376524A (en) * 1964-07-13 1968-04-02 Sperry Rand Corp Double-mode broadband resonant cavity

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4209755A (en) * 1977-08-01 1980-06-24 Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens S.P.A. Tunable oscillator comprising dual-cavity klystron
US4300105A (en) * 1979-01-24 1981-11-10 Societa Italiana Telecomunicazioni Siemens S.P.A. Two-cavity klystron oscillator
USH1758H (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-11-03 Malouf; Perry M. Microwave amplifier having cross-polarized cavities
RU2143154C1 (ru) * 1997-07-31 1999-12-20 Дэу Электроникс Ко., Лтд. Генератор энергии микроволновой частоты для микроволновой печи
RU2144239C1 (ru) * 1997-07-31 2000-01-10 Дэу Электроникс Ко., Лтд. Генератор энергии микроволновой частоты
US20080018255A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Barnett Larry R Electro-permanent magnet for power microwave tubes
US7764020B2 (en) * 2006-07-20 2010-07-27 Barnett Larry R Electro-permanent magnet for power microwave tubes
US20110083956A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-04-14 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method For Producing Fatty Acid Alkanol Amides
US20110089019A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-04-21 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method For Producing Amides of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
US20110089020A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-04-21 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method for Producing Amides of Ethylenically Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
US20110137081A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-06-09 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Continuous Method For Producing Amides Of Low Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
US9711314B2 (en) 2014-09-11 2017-07-18 Larry R. Barnett Compact magnet system for a high-power millimeter-wave gyrotron

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DE1766703B1 (de) 1972-05-25
GB1199341A (en) 1970-07-22
FR1570250A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-06

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