US3487218A - Neutron collimator with a variable passage cross section - Google Patents

Neutron collimator with a variable passage cross section Download PDF

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US3487218A
US3487218A US528646A US3487218DA US3487218A US 3487218 A US3487218 A US 3487218A US 528646 A US528646 A US 528646A US 3487218D A US3487218D A US 3487218DA US 3487218 A US3487218 A US 3487218A
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blocks
section
neutron
passage
collimator
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US528646A
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Karlheinz Krebs
Rene Rochez
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators

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  • the invention relates to neutron collirnators (e.g. stationary collimators used for experimental purposes in connection with nuclear reactors) of the kind having a variable passage cross-section and comprising two opposed blocks in a throughway (e.g. formed in a reactor shield or in a tubular body provided in a shield) and providing by their opposed surface two walls of the collimation passage said blocks being movable towards and away from one another to vary the passage cross-section.
  • neutron collirnators e.g. stationary collimators used for experimental purposes in connection with nuclear reactors
  • a throughway e.g. formed in a reactor shield or in a tubular body provided in a shield
  • the blocks are parallel and are moved towards and away from one another, in equidistant relationship to one another, by a parallel guide system.
  • a disadvantage of this known construction is that the neutron radiation intensity at the collimator exit decreases strongly as the passage cross-section decreases, and also the radiation source can not be collimated sharply on to a particular spot or a defined surface.
  • the invention provides a neutron collimator of the above kind in which over at least a part of their movement, the surfaces are oblique to the axis of the passage whereby the passage tapers in the axial direction.
  • the arrangement may be that the said surfaces can be moved into contact on the axis.
  • the passage tapers as aforesaid throughout its length. It is also preferred that the obliquity and hence the taper is adjustable or variable.
  • the blocks have pin and slot (or groove) connections with the walls of the throughway, the slots being oblique to the axis, whereby relative movement between the block and the Walls of the throughway in the axial direction is accompanied by movement of the blocks towards or away from one another as aforesaid.
  • the blocks and throughway mate with a saw-tooth configuration.
  • the movements of the blocks may be effected hydraulically.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the neutron collimator taken along the line 11 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the neutron collimator taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken along line 33 of FIG. 1.
  • the neutron collimator mainly comprises four stationary shielding blocks 1-4 and two moving collimating blocks 5, and 6. All the blocks are made of stainless steel and have passages for cooling liquid (not shown).
  • the four stationary blocks which form a tubular body, bound wall 7 of a rectangular cross-section throughway or channel 8 in which the blocks 5 and 6 are mounted.
  • the free space between the blocks 5 and -6 is the actaual collimation passage, and the cross-section thereof can be varied by movement of the blocks 5 and 6.
  • the rear exit orifice of the passage is at 9.
  • Those surfaces 10 and 11 of the collimating blocks which bound the collimating passage are oblique to the passage axis 13 from the entry 12 to the exit 9, As will be described hereinafter in greater detail, the surfaces 10 and 11 can be brought into contact with one another on the channel axis 13.
  • the collimation channel has a tapering or pyramidal longitudinal cross-section with a definite opening angle, and a scissors-like adjustment of the blocks 5 and 6 makes it possible to adjust the opening angle to suit the particular experiment being performed. Consequently, if the block-guide mechanics are appropriately devised, the following can be provided:
  • the entry and exit orifices of the collimation passage can be adjusted individually. For instance, the large neutron exit window of a nuclear reactor can be effectively collimated on to the small orifice of the control channels of a neutron chopper.
  • the neutron radiation can be collimated on to the target at different distances thereof (the distance has the reference z in FIGURE 2); also, radiation intensity can be varied by altering the collimation.
  • the collimating blocks 5 and 6 are of sawtooth shape on the outside, and mate with the associated wall parts of the stationary blocks 3 and 4.
  • the labyrinth gap 14 thus formed inhibits the passage of nuclear radiation.
  • Similar means are provided in the horizontal gaps of the main channel 8 and associated walls of the-blocks 1 and 2 and in the surfaces 10 and 11 of the blocks 5, 6.
  • the blocks 5, 6 are offset from one another at a place 15, to ensure that a straight gap is not left when the collimation passage is closed.
  • the stationary blocks 1 and 2 are formed with recesses 16 and 17, and the moving blocks 5 and 6 have corresponding top and bottom projections, such as shoulders 18 and 19.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 show the grooves 20 and 21 and the pins or pegs 22, 23.
  • the grooves are contrived in the stationary block 2, and the pins or pegs take the form of anti-friction bearings mounted on short shafts on the bottom of the collimating blocks 5 and 6.
  • FIGURE 3 Also visible in FIGURE 3 is the drive for the collimating blocks 5 and 6 which drive will be described hereinafter.
  • the scissors movement of the collimating blocks 5 and 6 is produced by the combination of lengthwise displacement of the blocks and the transverse movement produced' by the grooves and pins.
  • the grooves 20 and 21 are straight and extend oblique to the channel axis 13. All the grooves may be at the same angle thereto or the grooves 20 may be at an angle different from that of grooves 21.
  • the collimation angle is the angle between the surfaces 10 and 11 of the blocks 5 and 6. This construction substantially covers case (b).
  • the block 2 is formed with stationary grooves, it is provided with interchangeable or rotatable inserts formed with grooves.
  • the inserts for instance in the form of plugs, have the grooves on their inner end faces.
  • Plugs are provided for any desired movement pattern of the collimating blocks. All the adjustments mentioned in (a) and (b) can be provided by insertion of the appropriate plugs or, if rotatable plugs are used, by rotation of the plugs. Plugs formed with grooves which curve towards the channel axis are required for one particular group of adjustnces.
  • the drive for the collimating blocks 5 and 6 is hydraulic and comprises actuating cylinders 24 and 25 screwed to the stationary block 1.
  • the associated pistons operate a lever system whose construction is indicated in broken lines in FIGURES 2 and 3.
  • Levers 26 and 27 pivoted to a spindle 28, are linked to the hydraulic pistons at 29 and are similarly connected to the collimating blocks at 30.
  • the collimating blocks have at their rear end pivot points 31 disposed in two downwardly extending projections 32 engaging in matching recesses 33 in the block 2.
  • a neutron collimator for nuclear reactors comprising an open-ended, hollow lead-through body fixedly mounted passing through the shielding of said reactor, a
  • pair of collimation blocks movably mounted in said body with opposing surfaces of said blocks and portions of said body defining a collimator channel, said opposing surfaces being oblique to a longitudinal axis of said channel, radiation obstructing means formed on common contact surfaces between said blocks and said body, and means for adjusting said blocks between an open position wherein said opposing surfaces are in contact substantially along said axis of said channel, said radiation obstructing means comprising a sawtooth configuration formed on mating surfaces of said blocks and said through body on the sides of said blocks remote from said channel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

Description

Dec. 30, 1969 KREBs ET AL 3,487,213
NEUTRON COLLIMATOR WITH'A VARIABLE PASSAGE .CROSS SECTION Filed Feb. 18, 1966 am my k hi. M, Q 5 N mm mm n BY me a/0x2 5 s m w M m m m A. 2M M .00 w n M m United States Patent Office 3,487,218 Patented Dec. 30, 1969 3,487,218 NEUTRON COLLIMATOR WITH A VARIABLE PASSAGE CROSS SECTION Karlheinz Krebs, Ispra, and Ren Rochez, Besozzo, Italy, assignors to European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), Brussels, Belgium Filed Feb. 18, 1966, Ser. No. 528,646 Claims priority, applicgtigg Gesrmany, Mar. 25, 1965,
Int. Cl. H01j 1/52, 35/I6; G21g 3/00 US. Cl. 250-105 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention relates to neutron collirnators (e.g. stationary collimators used for experimental purposes in connection with nuclear reactors) of the kind having a variable passage cross-section and comprising two opposed blocks in a throughway (e.g. formed in a reactor shield or in a tubular body provided in a shield) and providing by their opposed surface two walls of the collimation passage said blocks being movable towards and away from one another to vary the passage cross-section.
In one known construction of such a collimator, the blocks are parallel and are moved towards and away from one another, in equidistant relationship to one another, by a parallel guide system. A disadvantage of this known construction is that the neutron radiation intensity at the collimator exit decreases strongly as the passage cross-section decreases, and also the radiation source can not be collimated sharply on to a particular spot or a defined surface.
The invention provides a neutron collimator of the above kind in which over at least a part of their movement, the surfaces are oblique to the axis of the passage whereby the passage tapers in the axial direction.
The arrangement may be that the said surfaces can be moved into contact on the axis.
Preferably the passage tapers as aforesaid throughout its length. It is also preferred that the obliquity and hence the taper is adjustable or variable.
In one form of the invention the blocks have pin and slot (or groove) connections with the walls of the throughway, the slots being oblique to the axis, whereby relative movement between the block and the Walls of the throughway in the axial direction is accompanied by movement of the blocks towards or away from one another as aforesaid.
It is preferred that the blocks and throughway mate with a saw-tooth configuration.
The movements of the blocks may be effected hydraulically.
A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the neutron collimator taken along the line 11 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the neutron collimator taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1; and
Claim FIG. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken along line 33 of FIG. 1.
The neutron collimator mainly comprises four stationary shielding blocks 1-4 and two moving collimating blocks 5, and 6. All the blocks are made of stainless steel and have passages for cooling liquid (not shown). The four stationary blocks which form a tubular body, bound wall 7 of a rectangular cross-section throughway or channel 8 in which the blocks 5 and 6 are mounted. The free space between the blocks 5 and -6 is the actaual collimation passage, and the cross-section thereof can be varied by movement of the blocks 5 and 6. The rear exit orifice of the passage is at 9.
Those surfaces 10 and 11 of the collimating blocks which bound the collimating passage are oblique to the passage axis 13 from the entry 12 to the exit 9, As will be described hereinafter in greater detail, the surfaces 10 and 11 can be brought into contact with one another on the channel axis 13. A point of importance in this connection is that, unlike the prior art, the collimation channel has a tapering or pyramidal longitudinal cross-section with a definite opening angle, and a scissors-like adjustment of the blocks 5 and 6 makes it possible to adjust the opening angle to suit the particular experiment being performed. Consequently, if the block-guide mechanics are appropriately devised, the following can be provided:
(a) The entry and exit orifices of the collimation passage can be adjusted individually. For instance, the large neutron exit window of a nuclear reactor can be effectively collimated on to the small orifice of the control channels of a neutron chopper.
(b) The neutron radiation can be collimated on to the target at different distances thereof (the distance has the reference z in FIGURE 2); also, radiation intensity can be varied by altering the collimation.
As FIGURE 2 shows, the collimating blocks 5 and 6 are of sawtooth shape on the outside, and mate with the associated wall parts of the stationary blocks 3 and 4. The labyrinth gap 14 thus formed inhibits the passage of nuclear radiation. Similar means are provided in the horizontal gaps of the main channel 8 and associated walls of the-blocks 1 and 2 and in the surfaces 10 and 11 of the blocks 5, 6. Thus the blocks 5, 6 are offset from one another at a place 15, to ensure that a straight gap is not left when the collimation passage is closed.
Also as can be seen in FIGURE 3, to make the horizontal gaps in the main channel proof to radiation, the stationary blocks 1 and 2 are formed with recesses 16 and 17, and the moving blocks 5 and 6 have corresponding top and bottom projections, such as shoulders 18 and 19.
The adjusting movements mentioned in (a) and (b) above are produced in the neutron collimator by cooperation between grooves and guiding pins or pegs. FIGURES 2 and 3 show the grooves 20 and 21 and the pins or pegs 22, 23. The grooves are contrived in the stationary block 2, and the pins or pegs take the form of anti-friction bearings mounted on short shafts on the bottom of the collimating blocks 5 and 6. Also visible in FIGURE 3 is the drive for the collimating blocks 5 and 6 which drive will be described hereinafter.
The scissors movement of the collimating blocks 5 and 6 is produced by the combination of lengthwise displacement of the blocks and the transverse movement produced' by the grooves and pins. In this particular case, the grooves 20 and 21 are straight and extend oblique to the channel axis 13. All the grooves may be at the same angle thereto or the grooves 20 may be at an angle different from that of grooves 21. The collimation angle is the angle between the surfaces 10 and 11 of the blocks 5 and 6. This construction substantially covers case (b).
Greater flexibility of the system can be obtained if, instead of the block 2 being formed with stationary grooves, it is provided with interchangeable or rotatable inserts formed with grooves. The inserts for instance in the form of plugs, have the grooves on their inner end faces.
Plugs are provided for any desired movement pattern of the collimating blocks. All the adjustments mentioned in (a) and (b) can be provided by insertion of the appropriate plugs or, if rotatable plugs are used, by rotation of the plugs. Plugs formed with grooves which curve towards the channel axis are required for one particular group of adjustmments.
The drive for the collimating blocks 5 and 6 is hydraulic and comprises actuating cylinders 24 and 25 screwed to the stationary block 1. The associated pistons operate a lever system whose construction is indicated in broken lines in FIGURES 2 and 3. Levers 26 and 27 pivoted to a spindle 28, are linked to the hydraulic pistons at 29 and are similarly connected to the collimating blocks at 30. Correspondingly, the collimating blocks have at their rear end pivot points 31 disposed in two downwardly extending projections 32 engaging in matching recesses 33 in the block 2.
We claim:
1. A neutron collimator for nuclear reactors comprising an open-ended, hollow lead-through body fixedly mounted passing through the shielding of said reactor, a
pair of collimation blocks movably mounted in said body with opposing surfaces of said blocks and portions of said body defining a collimator channel, said opposing surfaces being oblique to a longitudinal axis of said channel, radiation obstructing means formed on common contact surfaces between said blocks and said body, and means for adjusting said blocks between an open position wherein said opposing surfaces are in contact substantially along said axis of said channel, said radiation obstructing means comprising a sawtooth configuration formed on mating surfaces of said blocks and said through body on the sides of said blocks remote from said channel.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,524,379 10/1950 Fermi 2501()5 2,959,680 11/1960 Green 250 3,040,175 12/ 1962 Kern 250-105 3,151,245 9/1964 Wilson 250-105 RALPH G. NILSON, Primary Examiner S. C. SHEAR, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 25084.5
US528646A 1965-03-25 1966-02-18 Neutron collimator with a variable passage cross section Expired - Lifetime US3487218A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3717765A (en) * 1970-04-04 1973-02-20 Siemens Ag Device for non-destructive consumption testing of reactor fuel elements
US4027168A (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-05-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Rapid shutter mechanism
FR2500677A1 (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-08-27 Scanditronix Instr NEUTRON COLLIMATOR
US4463266A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-07-31 Instrument Ab Scanditronix Neutron collimator
US4602377A (en) * 1984-03-30 1986-07-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Diamond-anvil high-pressure cell with improved X-ray collimation system
EP1367604A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-03 Euratom A micro beam collimator having an iris like capillary for compressing beams
US20100006391A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Assa Ab Coin lock
US20160158578A1 (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-06-09 Neuboron Medtech Ltd. Beam shaping assembly for neutron capture therapy
CN105845191A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-08-10 东莞中子科学中心 Plug-in shell structure used for neutron collimator
CN109471152A (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-03-15 上海交通大学 Collimator device capable of automatically adjusting gamma ray flux and its measurement system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4343997A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-08-10 Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. Collimator assembly for an electron accelerator
CN109754891A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-14 东莞理工学院 Rear-end precise collimator for scattering neutrons

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524379A (en) * 1945-09-18 1950-10-03 Fermi Enrico Neutron velocity selector
US2959680A (en) * 1956-03-28 1960-11-08 Picker X Ray Corp Adjustable collimator for radiation therapy
US3040175A (en) * 1959-09-25 1962-06-19 Baird Atomic Inc Penetrative radiation collimator
US3151245A (en) * 1961-11-21 1964-09-29 High Voltage Engineering Corp X-ray beam collimating apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524379A (en) * 1945-09-18 1950-10-03 Fermi Enrico Neutron velocity selector
US2959680A (en) * 1956-03-28 1960-11-08 Picker X Ray Corp Adjustable collimator for radiation therapy
US3040175A (en) * 1959-09-25 1962-06-19 Baird Atomic Inc Penetrative radiation collimator
US3151245A (en) * 1961-11-21 1964-09-29 High Voltage Engineering Corp X-ray beam collimating apparatus

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3717765A (en) * 1970-04-04 1973-02-20 Siemens Ag Device for non-destructive consumption testing of reactor fuel elements
US4027168A (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-05-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Rapid shutter mechanism
US4463266A (en) * 1981-02-20 1984-07-31 Instrument Ab Scanditronix Neutron collimator
FR2500677A1 (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-08-27 Scanditronix Instr NEUTRON COLLIMATOR
US4602377A (en) * 1984-03-30 1986-07-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Diamond-anvil high-pressure cell with improved X-ray collimation system
WO2003102533A3 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-03-25 Euratom A micro beam collimator having an iris like capillary for compressing beams
EP1367604A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-03 Euratom A micro beam collimator having an iris like capillary for compressing beams
US7109506B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2006-09-19 Euratom Micro beam collimator having an iris like capillary for compressing beams
US20100006391A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Assa Ab Coin lock
CN101645189B (en) * 2008-07-11 2013-02-27 Assa有限公司 Coin lock
US20160158578A1 (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-06-09 Neuboron Medtech Ltd. Beam shaping assembly for neutron capture therapy
US9889320B2 (en) * 2014-12-08 2018-02-13 Neuboron Medtech Ltd. Beam shaping assembly for neutron capture therapy
CN105845191A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-08-10 东莞中子科学中心 Plug-in shell structure used for neutron collimator
CN109471152A (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-03-15 上海交通大学 Collimator device capable of automatically adjusting gamma ray flux and its measurement system

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