US3486572A - Apparatus for forming inclined bores - Google Patents

Apparatus for forming inclined bores Download PDF

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US3486572A
US3486572A US619422A US3486572DA US3486572A US 3486572 A US3486572 A US 3486572A US 619422 A US619422 A US 619422A US 3486572D A US3486572D A US 3486572DA US 3486572 A US3486572 A US 3486572A
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support
bore
assembly
link
pilot
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US619422A
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William H Hamilton
Richard J Allyn
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LAWRENCE Manufacturing CO
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LAWRENCE Manufacturing CO
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E21B15/006—Means for anchoring the drilling machine to the ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
    • E21D9/115—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads with cutting tools mounted pivotably or slidable on the head

Definitions

  • An apparatus for forming relatively large diameter bores inclined substantially from the horizontal comprising a support anchorable in an inclined main bore, a bore forming assembly axially movable relative to the support and including a rotatably driven cutter assembly, and a pilot assembly anchorable in an inclined pilot bore forwardly of the main bore, wherein motor means are provided for axially moving the bore forming assembly and simultaneously exerting a clamping force on the support'anchoring means. Also, a stepped starting support for supporting the apparatus during its initiation of a bore.
  • the present invention relates to mining apparatus and has more particular reference to mining apparatus of the type adapted for forming relatively large diameter bores and tunnels.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved boring apparatus which is particularly constructed and arranged for forming relatively large diameter bores which are inclined substantially from the horizontal.
  • a boring apparatus which generally considered may comprise a support, a power driven bore forming assembly forwardly of the support for axial movement relative to the support and including a cutter assembly mounted for rotatable movement, and means for rotating the cutter assembly.
  • a pilot assembly connected to the support for axial movement relative thereto projects forwardly of the cutter assembly into a smaller pilot bore formed in advance of the cutter assembly.
  • a means, actuatable for anchoring the pilot assembly in the pilot bore may be provided for this purpose; and a means may be provided for actuating this pilot assembly anchoring means.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view showing a boring apparatus in operative position
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational View, partially broken away and in section, of the upper protion of the boring apparatus
  • FIG. 2A is an enlarged elevational view, partially broken away and in section. illustrating the portion of the boring apparatus below line AA of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a boring apparatus designated generally as 10 which is in the process of forming a relatively large diameter, vertical main bore or hole 12 to connect a lower horizontal shaft 14 with an upper horizontal shaft 16.
  • Apparatus 10 is suspended by a wire rope or cable 22 which extends from a hoist 18, over pulley 17 and downwardly through a preformed, vertical pilot bore 24.
  • the operation of the hoist 18 is controlled by an operator through a control panel 26 and a control line 28 connected to the hoist 18.
  • the hoist may be located in shaft 14, eliminating the need for control line 28, in which event the rope 22 would extend from the hoist around a pulley (not shown) below bore 12 up through the holes 12 and 24, over the pulley 17 and thence back to apparatus 10.
  • a receiving hopper 30, supported by a framework 32, vertically below the main bore 12 directs material removed by the boring apparatus 10 into a mine car 34.
  • the boring apparatus 10 comprises a support 36, a power driven bore forming assembly 38 forwardly of the Support 36, and a pilot assembly 40, coaxial with an connected to the support 36 which projects coaxially forwardly of the bore forming assembly 38.
  • the support 36 includes the rearward or lower end of a generally tubular casing assembly 42 which slidably supports an annular mounting flange 46, extends through the bore forming assembly 38, and at its forward or upper end forms a portion of the pilot assembly 40.
  • the casing assembly 42 rigidly carries a flange 48 having three equally spaced arms, each connected by a linkage system, designated generally as 52, to an anchor pad 54 of the support 36.
  • the anchors 54 are each formed with an outer periphery 56 of arcuate configuration adapted to bear against the walls of the main bore 12 to anchor the support 36 in fixed position and are three in number.
  • the linkage systems 52 comprise a pair of generally triangular first links 58 each pivotally connected at one of its apexes to the flange 48, a single link 60 pivotally, connected to the mounting flange 46 and by a common pivot shaft 61 to a second of the apexes of each of the first links 58, and a third pair of links 62 each pivotally connected at one end to the other of the apexes of the associated links 58 and at the other end to the opposite upper ends of a roughly rectangular box shaped fourth link 64.
  • the fourth link 64 is pivotally connected, intermediate its upper and lower ends by a pivot pin 65 to the anchor pad 54 through a pair of spaced lugs 67.
  • the lower end of the link 64 is pivotally connected to a mounting plate 66 affixed to the flange 48.
  • a hydraulic motor 68 comprising a cylinder 70, pivotally connected to the mounting flange 46, and a piston 72, pivotally connected to the flange 48, is provided for each of the anchors 54.
  • the hydraulic motors 68 serve. to cause relative movement between the flange arms 48 and the mounting flange 46 to thereby cause the linkage system 52 to urge the pads 54 into and out of engagement with the walls of the main bore 12.
  • the bore forming assembly 38 comprises a generally tubular casing 74, being of smaller diameter at its lower end, which is axially movable relative to the aforedescribed support 36.
  • the casing 74 carries a rotatable cutter assembly, designated generally as 76, which comprises a rotatably mounted, annular cutter mounting 75 carrying a plurality of cutter supports 77.
  • the forward end of each of the supports 77 rotatably carries a plurality of roller cutters 78 which project forwardly of the forward end of the cutter mounting 75.
  • the cutter mounting 75 is rotatably driven by a plurality of electric or hydraulic mtors 80, supported by assembly 74, through driving gears 82 meshing with an annular driven gear 84, carried by the cutter mounting 75.
  • the bore forming assembly 38 is axially movable relative to the support 36 by a plurality of hydraulic motors 86 which each comprise a piston 90, pivotally connected at 71 to casing 74 through part 73, and a cylinder 88, pivotally connected to the mounting flange 46 of the support 36.
  • the extreme outward ones of the cutters 78 are carried by pivotally mounted supports 77 which are each individually connected by hydraulic motors 92 to a mounting flange 94 carried by the cutter mounting 75 such that they are selectively movable laterally to the axis of the bore forming assembly 38.
  • the pilot assembly 40 comprises an upper end portion of casing 42 which projects forwardly of the cutter assembly 76.
  • the casing 42 is spline connected to the interior of casing 74 such that the casing 74 is axially slidable relative to the. casing 42, and the bore forming assembly 38 is consequently axially movable relative to the support 36.
  • the forward end of the casing 42 includes an integral mounting book or eye 97 which, during the operation of the boring apparatus and as illustrated in FIG. 1, is directly connected to the wire rope 22.
  • a plurality of anchor members 98 are circumferentially carried by the casing 42 adjacent the for-ward end of the latter.
  • the anchor members 98 are adapted to be urged, by an actuating means, outwardly from the casing 42 into engagement with the walls of the pilot bore 24 to fixedly anchor the cylindrical tube 96 in the pilot bore 24.
  • This actuating means more specifically, comprises a hydraulically actuated, piston 100 which is slidably disposed within an annular chamber 102 provided within the casing 42, and an elongated tube 104 which is rigidly connected to the piston 100 and which extends axially through the support 36, the bore forming assembly 38, and the casing 42. and includes a forward end adjacent the anchor members 98 carried by the latter.
  • the forward end of the elongated tube 104 includes a tapered portion 106 adapted to urge the anchor members 98 into engagement with the walls of the pilot bore 24 upon rearward movement of the elongated tube 104.
  • the aforedescribed hydraulically operated portions of the boring apparatus 10 are, of course, connected by suitable fluid supply hoses to a source (not shown) of hydraulic fluid and to the control panel 26 such that the operator of the boring apparatus 10 may effect their selective operation.
  • the pilot bore. 24 is first formed with any suitable, conventional drilling apparatus.
  • the forward end of casing 42 of the pilot assembly 40 is connected to the wire rope 22; and the boring apparatus 10 is suspended (within the mine shaft 14) by the wire rope 22 with the casing 42 extending into the pilot bore 24 and the cutters 78 in engagement with the roof of shaft 14.
  • the anchor members 98 are actuated to anchor the casing 42 within the pilot bore 24; and the support 36, at this time, is positioned within the bore 108 of the supporting framework 110, shown in FIG. 4, positioned in the mine shaft 14.
  • the starting support 110 is in the form of a box having a generally cylindrical interior 108, with circular steps 112, saw tooth in cross-section on its inner periphery to receive the support 36 and assembly 38.
  • the lower edges of the pads 54 rest on steps 112 to support the thrust of the motors 86, and vertical ribs 114 on the box, engage the edges of the pads to resist the torque of the motors 80.
  • the box is supported and held in position by jacks 116.
  • the box serves as an extension of the main bore to be formed.
  • the anchor members 98 and 54 are. extended and the motors 86 and are operated to rotate the cutter assembly and force it forwardly to cut the main bore.
  • the motors 86 reach the end of their stroke, the motors 80 are shut oif and the anchor member released.
  • the hoist holds the cutter assembly against the face of the main bore, and the motors 86 are reversed to lift the. pads to a higher step 12. The cycling operation is continued until the pads are within the main bore 12.
  • the cycle is similar.
  • the anchor members 98 are actuated to anchor the pilot assembly 40 in the pilot bore 24; and the anchors 54 are urged by the hydraulic motors 68 into engagement with the walls of the main bore. 12.
  • the cutter assembly 76 of the bore forming assembly 38 is rotatably driven by the motors 80 to extend the length of the main bore 12, the bore forming assembly 38 is again axially moved forwardly from the support 36 by the hydraulic motors 86.
  • This operation of the hydraulic 'motors 86 simultaneously exerts a force on the linkage systems 52 for clamping the anchors 54 in their anchored position.
  • the bore forming assembly 38 axially advances until it attains a position spaced from the support 36 and vertically adjacent the forward end of the cylindrical tube 96.
  • one side area of the main bore may present more or less resistance to compression by one pad 54, as compared to the others so that it moves a lesser or greater distance, outwardly, than the others. This would tend to cock the. machine in the main bore.
  • sensors indicated by the button 120, may be placed around the casing 42, such that contact by one button on the side of the pilot hole will alert the operator, through a conventional electrical system, that the machine is not properly aligned. The operator may then, through a conventional hydraulic system, operate hydraulic cylinders 118 to move the part 66 slidable on flange 48 to move the lower pivot point of the link 64 and hence the maximum distance the pad moves :away from the axis of the machine. By this separate adjustment of the pads 54, the machine can be aligned.
  • An apparatus for forming an inclined main bore rearwardly of a smaller pilot bore comprising a support provided with anchor means including a plurality of anchoring elements and link means for causing said anchoring elements to anchor said support in an inclined main bore, a power driven bore forming assembly forwardly of said support including a rotatable cutter assembly adapted to form an inclined main bore and axially movable relative to said support, means for rotatably driving said cutter assembly, a plurality of fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangements for axially moving said bore forming assem bly relative to said support and simultaneously exerting a force for clamping said anchoring elements of said support anchor means in anchored position, said cylinderand-piston arrangements each having one end connected to a element movable relative to said support and said bore forming assembly, said link means of said anchor means being connected to said movable element whereby said clamping force is exerted on said anchoring elements through said link means and said movable element, and a pilot assembly projecting forwardly of said bore
  • said link means for each of said anchoring elements includes a first link connected intermediate its ends to a part of said support, a second link connected to said first link adjacent one end thereof and connected to said movable element, a third link connected to said first link adjacent the other end thereof, and a fourth link connected to said third link and interconnecting the latter with its respective anchoring element, said fourth link also being connected to a part of said support.
  • adjustment means are provided for varying the maximum distance an actuating element is movable by said link means from the longitudinal axis of said support.
  • An apparatus for forming an inclined main bore rearwardly of a smaller pilot bore comprising a support provided with anchor means including at least one anchoring element and link means for causing said anchoring element to anchor said support in an inclined main bore, a power driven bore forming assembly forwardly of said support including a rotatable cutter assembly adapted to form an inclined main bore and axially movable relative to said support, means for rotatably driving said cutter assembly, -a fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangement for axially moving said bore forming assembly relative to said support and simultaneously exerting a force for clamping said anchoring element of said support anchor means in anchored position, said cylinder-andpiston arrangement having an end connected to an element movable relative to said support and said bore forming assembly, said link means being connected to said movable element whereby said clamping force is exerted on said anchoring element through said link means and said movable element, and a pilot assembly projecting forwardly of said bore forming assembly into said pilot bore in advance of said cutter assembly.
  • said link means includes a first link connected to a part of said support, a second link connected to said first link and also connected to said movable element, a third link connected to said first link, and a fourth link interconnecting said third link with said anchoring element.
  • An apparatus further comprising a second fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangement, said second cylinder-and-piston arrangement being connected at opposing ends to said support and said movable element for actuating said link means to cause anchoring of said support.
  • a support anchor means including a plurality of anchoring elements and link means connected to said support and to said anchoring elements for causing said anchoring elements to anchor said support in a bore
  • a power driven bore forming assembly in advance of said support and axially movable relative thereto
  • said bore forming assembly including a rotatable cutter assembly adapted to form a bore and being provided with means for rotatably driving said cutter assembly, and a plurality of fluid operated cylinderand-piston arrangements connected to said bore forming assembly for axially moving said bore forming assembly relative to said support while simultaneously exerting a force for clamping said anchoring elements of said anchor means in anchored position, said cylinder-and-piston arrangements being connected to said link means for exerting said clamping force on said anchoring elements through said link means.
  • An apparatus further comprising means movable relative to said support and said bore forming assembly, said cylinder-and-piston arrangements and said link means being connected to said movable means whereby said clamping force is exerted therethrough.
  • An apparatus further comprising a plurality of second fluid operated cylinder-andpiston arrangements, said second cylinder-and-piston arrangements being connected to said support and said movable means for actuating said link means to cause anchoring of said support.

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Description

1969 w. H. HAMILTON ETAL 3,486,572
APPARATUS'FOR FORMING INCLINE'D' BORES Filed Feb. 28, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 a ax INVENTORS WILL/AM H. HAMILTON RICHARD J. ALLYN Dw 1969 w. H. HAMILTON ETAL 3,486, 7
APPARATUS FOR FORMING INCLINED' BORES Filed Feb. 28, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 TO'RS FIG. 2 WILLIAM H. HAMILTON RICHARD J. ALLYN 1959 w. H. HAMILTON ETAL 3,486,572
APPARATUS FOR FORMING INCLINED BORES Filed Feb. 28, 1967 4 ShGQbSShGGt 5 FIG. 2B
QZA] INVENTORS WILL/AM H. HAMILTON RICHARD J. ALLYN Dec. 30, 1969 H HAMILTON ETAL 3, 2 v
I APPARATUS FOR FORMING INCLINED' BORES 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 28 1967 WILL/AM H. HAMILTON RICHARD .J. ALLYN United States Patent 3,486,572 APPARATUS FOR FORMING INCLINED BORES William H. Hamilton, Seattle, and Richard J. Allyn, Bellevue, Wash., assignors to Lawrence Manufacturing Company, Seattle, Wash., a corporation of Delaware Filed Feb. 28, 1967, Ser. No. 619,422 Int. Cl. E21b 3/12; E21c 23/00; E21d 3/00 US. Cl. 17553 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus for forming relatively large diameter bores inclined substantially from the horizontal, comprising a support anchorable in an inclined main bore, a bore forming assembly axially movable relative to the support and including a rotatably driven cutter assembly, and a pilot assembly anchorable in an inclined pilot bore forwardly of the main bore, wherein motor means are provided for axially moving the bore forming assembly and simultaneously exerting a clamping force on the support'anchoring means. Also, a stepped starting support for supporting the apparatus during its initiation of a bore.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to mining apparatus and has more particular reference to mining apparatus of the type adapted for forming relatively large diameter bores and tunnels.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved boring apparatus which is particularly constructed and arranged for forming relatively large diameter bores which are inclined substantially from the horizontal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The aforegoing object, and those other objects and advantages of the invention which will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, are attained by the provision of a boring apparatus, which generally considered may comprise a support, a power driven bore forming assembly forwardly of the support for axial movement relative to the support and including a cutter assembly mounted for rotatable movement, and means for rotating the cutter assembly. The support, is provided with means operable to anchor the support in a main bore which is inclined substantially from the horizontal; and motor means are connected to the bore forming assembly and to the support for axially moving the bore forming assembly relative to the support and simultaneously exerting a force for actuating the support anchoring =means. A pilot assembly connected to the support for axial movement relative thereto projects forwardly of the cutter assembly into a smaller pilot bore formed in advance of the cutter assembly. A means, actuatable for anchoring the pilot assembly in the pilot bore, may be provided for this purpose; and a means may be provided for actuating this pilot assembly anchoring means.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an elevational view showing a boring apparatus in operative position;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational View, partially broken away and in section, of the upper protion of the boring apparatus;
FIG. 2A is an enlarged elevational view, partially broken away and in section. illustrating the portion of the boring apparatus below line AA of FIG. 2;
3,486,572 Patented Dec. 30, 1969 starting support for the apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED I EMBODIMENT Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1 illustrates a boring apparatus designated generally as 10 which is in the process of forming a relatively large diameter, vertical main bore or hole 12 to connect a lower horizontal shaft 14 with an upper horizontal shaft 16. Apparatus 10 is suspended by a wire rope or cable 22 which extends from a hoist 18, over pulley 17 and downwardly through a preformed, vertical pilot bore 24. The operation of the hoist 18 is controlled by an operator through a control panel 26 and a control line 28 connected to the hoist 18. If desired, the hoist may be located in shaft 14, eliminating the need for control line 28, in which event the rope 22 would extend from the hoist around a pulley (not shown) below bore 12 up through the holes 12 and 24, over the pulley 17 and thence back to apparatus 10. A receiving hopper 30, supported by a framework 32, vertically below the main bore 12 directs material removed by the boring apparatus 10 into a mine car 34.
The boring apparatus 10 comprises a support 36, a power driven bore forming assembly 38 forwardly of the Support 36, and a pilot assembly 40, coaxial with an connected to the support 36 which projects coaxially forwardly of the bore forming assembly 38. The support 36 includes the rearward or lower end of a generally tubular casing assembly 42 which slidably supports an annular mounting flange 46, extends through the bore forming assembly 38, and at its forward or upper end forms a portion of the pilot assembly 40. The casing assembly 42 rigidly carries a flange 48 having three equally spaced arms, each connected by a linkage system, designated generally as 52, to an anchor pad 54 of the support 36. The anchors 54 are each formed with an outer periphery 56 of arcuate configuration adapted to bear against the walls of the main bore 12 to anchor the support 36 in fixed position and are three in number.
The linkage systems 52, more specifically, for each pad, comprise a pair of generally triangular first links 58 each pivotally connected at one of its apexes to the flange 48, a single link 60 pivotally, connected to the mounting flange 46 and by a common pivot shaft 61 to a second of the apexes of each of the first links 58, and a third pair of links 62 each pivotally connected at one end to the other of the apexes of the associated links 58 and at the other end to the opposite upper ends of a roughly rectangular box shaped fourth link 64. The fourth link 64 is pivotally connected, intermediate its upper and lower ends by a pivot pin 65 to the anchor pad 54 through a pair of spaced lugs 67. The lower end of the link 64 is pivotally connected to a mounting plate 66 affixed to the flange 48. In addition, a hydraulic motor 68, comprising a cylinder 70, pivotally connected to the mounting flange 46, and a piston 72, pivotally connected to the flange 48, is provided for each of the anchors 54. The hydraulic motors 68, as will be understood, serve. to cause relative movement between the flange arms 48 and the mounting flange 46 to thereby cause the linkage system 52 to urge the pads 54 into and out of engagement with the walls of the main bore 12.
The bore forming assembly 38 comprises a generally tubular casing 74, being of smaller diameter at its lower end, which is axially movable relative to the aforedescribed support 36. The casing 74 carries a rotatable cutter assembly, designated generally as 76, which comprises a rotatably mounted, annular cutter mounting 75 carrying a plurality of cutter supports 77. The forward end of each of the supports 77 rotatably carries a plurality of roller cutters 78 which project forwardly of the forward end of the cutter mounting 75. The cutter mounting 75 is rotatably driven by a plurality of electric or hydraulic mtors 80, supported by assembly 74, through driving gears 82 meshing with an annular driven gear 84, carried by the cutter mounting 75. The bore forming assembly 38 is axially movable relative to the support 36 by a plurality of hydraulic motors 86 which each comprise a piston 90, pivotally connected at 71 to casing 74 through part 73, and a cylinder 88, pivotally connected to the mounting flange 46 of the support 36. The extreme outward ones of the cutters 78 are carried by pivotally mounted supports 77 which are each individually connected by hydraulic motors 92 to a mounting flange 94 carried by the cutter mounting 75 such that they are selectively movable laterally to the axis of the bore forming assembly 38.
The pilot assembly 40 comprises an upper end portion of casing 42 which projects forwardly of the cutter assembly 76. The casing 42 is spline connected to the interior of casing 74 such that the casing 74 is axially slidable relative to the. casing 42, and the bore forming assembly 38 is consequently axially movable relative to the support 36. The forward end of the casing 42 includes an integral mounting book or eye 97 which, during the operation of the boring apparatus and as illustrated in FIG. 1, is directly connected to the wire rope 22.
A plurality of anchor members 98 are circumferentially carried by the casing 42 adjacent the for-ward end of the latter. The anchor members 98 are adapted to be urged, by an actuating means, outwardly from the casing 42 into engagement with the walls of the pilot bore 24 to fixedly anchor the cylindrical tube 96 in the pilot bore 24. This actuating means, more specifically, comprises a hydraulically actuated, piston 100 which is slidably disposed within an annular chamber 102 provided within the casing 42, and an elongated tube 104 which is rigidly connected to the piston 100 and which extends axially through the support 36, the bore forming assembly 38, and the casing 42. and includes a forward end adjacent the anchor members 98 carried by the latter. The forward end of the elongated tube 104 includes a tapered portion 106 adapted to urge the anchor members 98 into engagement with the walls of the pilot bore 24 upon rearward movement of the elongated tube 104.
The aforedescribed hydraulically operated portions of the boring apparatus 10 are, of course, connected by suitable fluid supply hoses to a source (not shown) of hydraulic fluid and to the control panel 26 such that the operator of the boring apparatus 10 may effect their selective operation.
In the operation of the illustrated boring apparatus 10, the pilot bore. 24 is first formed with any suitable, conventional drilling apparatus. The forward end of casing 42 of the pilot assembly 40 is connected to the wire rope 22; and the boring apparatus 10 is suspended (within the mine shaft 14) by the wire rope 22 with the casing 42 extending into the pilot bore 24 and the cutters 78 in engagement with the roof of shaft 14. The anchor members 98 are actuated to anchor the casing 42 within the pilot bore 24; and the support 36, at this time, is positioned within the bore 108 of the supporting framework 110, shown in FIG. 4, positioned in the mine shaft 14.
The starting support 110 is in the form of a box having a generally cylindrical interior 108, with circular steps 112, saw tooth in cross-section on its inner periphery to receive the support 36 and assembly 38. The lower edges of the pads 54 rest on steps 112 to support the thrust of the motors 86, and vertical ribs 114 on the box, engage the edges of the pads to resist the torque of the motors 80. The
4 mean interior diameter of the steps is chosen near the maximum diameter to which the pads 54 will extend such that only a modest bursting force is applied to the box.
The box is supported and held in position by jacks 116. Thus positioned, the box serves as an extension of the main bore to be formed. The anchor members 98 and 54 are. extended and the motors 86 and are operated to rotate the cutter assembly and force it forwardly to cut the main bore. When the motors 86 reach the end of their stroke, the motors 80 are shut oif and the anchor member released. The hoist holds the cutter assembly against the face of the main bore, and the motors 86 are reversed to lift the. pads to a higher step 12. The cycling operation is continued until the pads are within the main bore 12.
With the entire machine in the main bore, the cycle is similar. The anchor members 98 are actuated to anchor the pilot assembly 40 in the pilot bore 24; and the anchors 54 are urged by the hydraulic motors 68 into engagement with the walls of the main bore. 12. Thereafter, the cutter assembly 76 of the bore forming assembly 38 is rotatably driven by the motors 80 to extend the length of the main bore 12, the bore forming assembly 38 is again axially moved forwardly from the support 36 by the hydraulic motors 86. This operation of the hydraulic 'motors 86, as will be understood, simultaneously exerts a force on the linkage systems 52 for clamping the anchors 54 in their anchored position.
In this manner, the bore forming assembly 38 axially advances until it attains a position spaced from the support 36 and vertically adjacent the forward end of the cylindrical tube 96.
At times one side area of the main bore may present more or less resistance to compression by one pad 54, as compared to the others so that it moves a lesser or greater distance, outwardly, than the others. This would tend to cock the. machine in the main bore. If desired, sensors, indicated by the button 120, may be placed around the casing 42, such that contact by one button on the side of the pilot hole will alert the operator, through a conventional electrical system, that the machine is not properly aligned. The operator may then, through a conventional hydraulic system, operate hydraulic cylinders 118 to move the part 66 slidable on flange 48 to move the lower pivot point of the link 64 and hence the maximum distance the pad moves :away from the axis of the machine. By this separate adjustment of the pads 54, the machine can be aligned.
From the aforegoing, it will be seen that we have provided new and improved means for accomplishing all of the objects and advantages of our invention. It will be understood, however, that, although we have hereinbefore specifically illustrated and described only a single embodiment of our invention, our invention is not limited merely to this single embodiment but contemplates other embodiments and variations employing the. concepts and teachings of our invention. It will be also understood, moreover, that, although the aforedescribed boring apparatus 10 has been illustrated and described as forming a verti' cal bore, its application is not limited to vertical bores, but rather extends to the formation of bores at any angle inclined substantially from the horizontal.
Having thus described our invention, we claim:
1. An apparatus for forming an inclined main bore rearwardly of a smaller pilot bore, comprising a support provided with anchor means including a plurality of anchoring elements and link means for causing said anchoring elements to anchor said support in an inclined main bore, a power driven bore forming assembly forwardly of said support including a rotatable cutter assembly adapted to form an inclined main bore and axially movable relative to said support, means for rotatably driving said cutter assembly, a plurality of fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangements for axially moving said bore forming assem bly relative to said support and simultaneously exerting a force for clamping said anchoring elements of said support anchor means in anchored position, said cylinderand-piston arrangements each having one end connected to a element movable relative to said support and said bore forming assembly, said link means of said anchor means being connected to said movable element whereby said clamping force is exerted on said anchoring elements through said link means and said movable element, and a pilot assembly projecting forwardly of said bore forming assembly into said pilot bore in advance of said cutter assembly. 4
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said link means for each of said anchoring elements includes a first link connected intermediate its ends to a part of said support, a second link connected to said first link adjacent one end thereof and connected to said movable element, a third link connected to said first link adjacent the other end thereof, and a fourth link connected to said third link and interconnecting the latter with its respective anchoring element, said fourth link also being connected to a part of said support.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein other fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangements are provided for actuating said anchoring means.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein adjustment means are provided for varying the maximum distance an actuating element is movable by said link means from the longitudinal axis of said support.
5. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein means are provided for adjusting the connection of said fourth link to the part of said support to vary the maximum distance an actuating element is movable from the longitudinal axis of said support.
6. An apparatus for forming an inclined main bore rearwardly of a smaller pilot bore, comprising a support provided with anchor means including at least one anchoring element and link means for causing said anchoring element to anchor said support in an inclined main bore, a power driven bore forming assembly forwardly of said support including a rotatable cutter assembly adapted to form an inclined main bore and axially movable relative to said support, means for rotatably driving said cutter assembly, -a fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangement for axially moving said bore forming assembly relative to said support and simultaneously exerting a force for clamping said anchoring element of said support anchor means in anchored position, said cylinder-andpiston arrangement having an end connected to an element movable relative to said support and said bore forming assembly, said link means being connected to said movable element whereby said clamping force is exerted on said anchoring element through said link means and said movable element, and a pilot assembly projecting forwardly of said bore forming assembly into said pilot bore in advance of said cutter assembly.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said link means includes a first link connected to a part of said support, a second link connected to said first link and also connected to said movable element, a third link connected to said first link, and a fourth link interconnecting said third link with said anchoring element.
8. An apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a second fluid operated cylinder-and-piston arrangement, said second cylinder-and-piston arrangement being connected at opposing ends to said support and said movable element for actuating said link means to cause anchoring of said support.
9. In a bore forming apparatus, a support, anchor means including a plurality of anchoring elements and link means connected to said support and to said anchoring elements for causing said anchoring elements to anchor said support in a bore, a power driven bore forming assembly in advance of said support and axially movable relative thereto, said bore forming assembly including a rotatable cutter assembly adapted to form a bore and being provided with means for rotatably driving said cutter assembly, and a plurality of fluid operated cylinderand-piston arrangements connected to said bore forming assembly for axially moving said bore forming assembly relative to said support while simultaneously exerting a force for clamping said anchoring elements of said anchor means in anchored position, said cylinder-and-piston arrangements being connected to said link means for exerting said clamping force on said anchoring elements through said link means.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising means movable relative to said support and said bore forming assembly, said cylinder-and-piston arrangements and said link means being connected to said movable means whereby said clamping force is exerted therethrough.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a plurality of second fluid operated cylinder-andpiston arrangements, said second cylinder-and-piston arrangements being connected to said support and said movable means for actuating said link means to cause anchoring of said support.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,295,892 1/ 1967 Winberg et a1 29931 3,371,727 3/1968 Belousov et al. 17315 6 X 3,399,738 9/1968 Haspert 299-31 X 3,418,022 12/ 1968 Peterson 29931 Re. 24,965 4/ 1961 Kirkpatrick.
2,637,527 5/1953 Andrews 175-99 X 2,998,964 9/1961 Morlan 17594 X 3,109,635 11/1963 Bergmann l384 X 3,282,356 11/1966 Paulson et al. 103 3,376,942 4/1968 Van Winkle 175-99 X 3,382,002 5/1968 Tabor 29931 X FOREIGN PATENTS 1,457,753 9/ 1966 France. 1,173,860 7/ 1964 Germany.
CHARLES E. OCONNELL, Primary Examiner IAN A. CALVERT, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
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US3656563A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-04-18 Charles F Blinne Apparatus and method for inserting casing beneath roadbeds
US3695718A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-10-03 Ernst Abraham Lauber Raise boring machine
US3830318A (en) * 1972-11-17 1974-08-20 Subterranean Tools Inc Excavating machine
US4042047A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-08-16 Ingersoll-Rand Company Raise boring head having fluid traversing means
US4069760A (en) * 1976-03-01 1978-01-24 Eckels Robert E Method for driving a shaft with shaped charges
US4148193A (en) * 1976-12-08 1979-04-10 Samuel Mottes Method and apparatus for producing underground installations of concrete pipe
US4194578A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-03-25 Dresser Industries, Inc. Raise boring head with retractable gage cutters
US4247222A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-01-27 Schosek William O Stabilizing means for an underground pipe installer device
US4249620A (en) * 1978-06-07 1981-02-10 Paul Schmidt Method of boring holes which are open at both ends in the ground
DE2934055A1 (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-04-09 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH, 5140 Erkelenz Vertical borer unit for mining - has spring tensioned support below head with hydraulic release cylinders to allow movement upwards of borer
US4301876A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-11-24 Smith International, Inc. Non-rotating stabilizer for raise boring
US4448270A (en) * 1982-05-10 1984-05-15 Hughes Tool Company Variable diameter earth boring bit
EP0312724A1 (en) * 1987-10-20 1989-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Method for excavating hole and apparatus therefor
US5590724A (en) * 1994-06-08 1997-01-07 Russian-American Technology Alliance, Inc. Underreaming method
FR2788557A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-21 Pierre Devaux Mechanically drilling large bore vertical tunnels and holes, in which brace is prestressed axially in traction by its free end so it imposes axial load on drill
CN103850684A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-06-11 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 Sinking technology for expanding pilot well drilled by raise-boring machine, by using vertical well heading machine

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US3656563A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-04-18 Charles F Blinne Apparatus and method for inserting casing beneath roadbeds
US3695718A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-10-03 Ernst Abraham Lauber Raise boring machine
US3830318A (en) * 1972-11-17 1974-08-20 Subterranean Tools Inc Excavating machine
US4042047A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-08-16 Ingersoll-Rand Company Raise boring head having fluid traversing means
US4069760A (en) * 1976-03-01 1978-01-24 Eckels Robert E Method for driving a shaft with shaped charges
US4148193A (en) * 1976-12-08 1979-04-10 Samuel Mottes Method and apparatus for producing underground installations of concrete pipe
US4194578A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-03-25 Dresser Industries, Inc. Raise boring head with retractable gage cutters
US4249620A (en) * 1978-06-07 1981-02-10 Paul Schmidt Method of boring holes which are open at both ends in the ground
US4247222A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-01-27 Schosek William O Stabilizing means for an underground pipe installer device
DE2934055A1 (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-04-09 Wirth Maschinen- und Bohrgeräte-Fabrik GmbH, 5140 Erkelenz Vertical borer unit for mining - has spring tensioned support below head with hydraulic release cylinders to allow movement upwards of borer
US4301876A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-11-24 Smith International, Inc. Non-rotating stabilizer for raise boring
US4448270A (en) * 1982-05-10 1984-05-15 Hughes Tool Company Variable diameter earth boring bit
EP0312724A1 (en) * 1987-10-20 1989-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Method for excavating hole and apparatus therefor
US5590724A (en) * 1994-06-08 1997-01-07 Russian-American Technology Alliance, Inc. Underreaming method
FR2788557A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-21 Pierre Devaux Mechanically drilling large bore vertical tunnels and holes, in which brace is prestressed axially in traction by its free end so it imposes axial load on drill
CN103850684A (en) * 2013-11-22 2014-06-11 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 Sinking technology for expanding pilot well drilled by raise-boring machine, by using vertical well heading machine
CN103850684B (en) * 2013-11-22 2017-04-05 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 A kind of shaft excavation machine expands the sinking shaft technique of anti-well rig pilot shaft

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