US3486045A - Referencing arrangement - Google Patents

Referencing arrangement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3486045A
US3486045A US613300A US3486045DA US3486045A US 3486045 A US3486045 A US 3486045A US 613300 A US613300 A US 613300A US 3486045D A US3486045D A US 3486045DA US 3486045 A US3486045 A US 3486045A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
transistor
current
power source
source
coupled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US613300A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David F Frick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Singer Co
Original Assignee
Singer Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Singer Co filed Critical Singer Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3486045A publication Critical patent/US3486045A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents

Definitions

  • a conducting diode establishes an electrical reference between separate power supplies which provide power to interconnected circuits such that the current loops associated with one power supply are independent of the current loops of the other supply so that disturbances, tram sients, etc., in one current loop have no elfect on the other independent current loops.
  • This invention relates to referencing means for interconnected circuits having separate power supplies such that the current provided by one power source is electrically independent of the current provided by the other current source, or sources.
  • Microelectronic circuits have been increasingly utilized by the electronics industry due to their cost, reliability and size. Such circuits generally require relatively low current levels for their operation. Accordingly, when relatively high current output devices, such as typewriter type bars activated by solenoids and the like, are driven, or controlled, by microelectronic circuits, a relatively high current switching device, such as a discrete transistor, is utilized between the microelectronic circuits and the output devices to supply the necessary output current levels.
  • a relatively high current switching device such as a discrete transistor
  • one object of this invention is to enable relatively low current devices, such as microcircuits, to drive relatively high current output devices without high current destructive disturbances, transients, and the like, being induced into the low current devices.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an electrical reference between at least two power sources such that the current loops associated with one power source are electrically independent of at least one current loop of the other power source.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an electrical reference between a relatively low current source and a relatively high current source such that the current loops of the low current source are electrically independent of the high current source current loops even though the circuitry associated with the current sources are electrically coupled together.
  • electrical referencing apparatus which includes a relatively low current power source having at least two voltage terminals, and a relatively high current power source also having at least two voltage terminals.
  • a relatively low current device such as an integrated circuit, is coupled to the low current source.
  • a relatively high current output device including current switching means, is coupled to the high current supply with the current switching means being controlled by a signal developed by the integrated circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustration of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a modification of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention as including a relatively low current device 11, such as integrated circuitry, which produces an output signal, on the lead 12, that is applied to and controls a relatively high current switching device, such as a PNP transistor 30.
  • the integrated circuitry 11 may take any desired form in accordance with the present invention, it only being necessary that the circuitry 11 produce at least one output signal and have as a final stage a semiconductor device, such as an NPN transistor 20, of opposite conductivity type to the transistor 30 which is electrically coupled to the transistor 20. As shown by FIG.
  • the NPN transistor 20 has its emitter 21 coupled to ground potential, its base 22 coupled to control circuits (not shown) and its collector 23 coupled to a positive potential by way of a load resistor 13.
  • the output lead 12 is coupled to the junction of the resistor 13 with the collector 23.
  • the transistor 20 and its associated components comprise a grounded emitter transistor amplifier.
  • Power for the relatively low current, integrated circuit device 11 is provided by a regulated, relatively low current, power supply 14.
  • the negative potential of the power source 14 is grounded by way of the lead 15 while the positive potential is coupled to the collector 23 of the transistor 20 by way of the resistor 13 and the lead 16.
  • an output signal produced by the low current device 11, and appearing on the lead 12, is used to control current to, or through, a relatively high current device.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical relatively high current output device to be a solenoid coil 34 'which may be utilized to operate selected typewriter type bars, tape punches, relays clutches or the like.
  • a suitable current switching device, such as a PNP transistor 30, is serially connected between the solenoid 34 and an unregulated power source 36 of relatively high operating current for the solenoid coil 34.
  • One end of the solenoid coil 34 is coupled to the negative potential of the power source by way of the lead 38, while the other end of the solenoid coil 34 is coupled to the collector 33 of the transistor 30
  • the emitter 31 of the transistor 30 is coupled to the positive voltage terminal of the power source 36 by way of the lead 37.
  • a diode 35 coupled across the solenoid coil 34 functions as a damping diode in a well-known manner. Unlike the power source 14, none of the voltage levels of the power source 36 are at a reference potential, such as ground.
  • Conduction of the transistor 30 is controlled by the output of the integrated circuit 11 appearing on the lead 12 which is coupled to the base 32 of the transistor 30 by way of the resistor 40. Further, the base 32 of the transistor 30 is coupled to the positive potential of the power source 14, by way of the current-limiting resistor 41, which positive potential renders the transistor 30 nonconductive in the absence of an output signal from the transistor 20. If desired, the resistor 40 can be replaced with a capacitor (not shown) to provide capacitive coupling between the transistors and 30.
  • an electrical reference need be established between the two power sources 14 and 36. This is accomplished, in accordance with the present invention, in a manner that causes the relatively low current loops associated with the low current source 14 to be independent of the relatively high current loop associated with the high current source 36 by means of a serially connected network consisting of a diode 43 and a bleeder resistor 42.
  • the series resistor 42, diode 43 network is coupled across the voltage terminals of the power source 14 such that the diode 43 is forwardly biased and with the junction of the resistor 42 with the diode 43 being coupled to the emitter 31 of the transistor 30 by way of the lead 45.
  • the transistor 20 is rendered nonconducting, by other circuitry (not shown) within the integrated circuit device 11 in a well-known manner.
  • This causes the potential on the base 32 of transistor 30 to be substantially equal to the potential at the collector 23 of transistor 20 which, since the transistor 20 is nonconductive, is equal to the positive potential of the power source 14 appearing on lead 16.
  • the power source 14 forwardly biases the diode 43, causing it to be conducting with current flow from the negative potential of the source 14, which appears on lead 15, through the resistor 42, the diode 43 and to the positive side of the source 14.
  • the major portion of the voltage magnitude of the source 14 is dropped across the resistor 42 since, when conducting, the diode 43 presents a relatively low impedance having less than one volt dropped across it.
  • the potential seen at the emitter 31 of the transistor 30 is the positive potential of the source 14 minus the relatively small drop across the diode 43.
  • the potential at the base 32 of the transistor 30- is, as described above, equal to the positive potential of the source 14, which causes the base 32 to be more positive than the emitter 31 to render the PNP transistor 30 nonconducting. Since the power source 36 has no efiect on the emitter 31 to base 32 potential of the transistor 30, the relative voltage magnitude of the power source 36 with respect to the power source 14 has no effect on the conduction, or nonconduction, of the transistor 30. Also, the relative voltage magnitudes of the power sources 14 and 36 have no effect on the conduction or nonconduction of the diode 43.
  • the coupling resistor 40 can be replaced with a coupling capacitor (not shown) without effecting the nonconduction of the transistor 30 since the full positive potential of the source 14 will appear on the base 32 by way of the resistor 41 when the transistor 20 is nonconducting.
  • transistor 20 is rendered conductive for a period of time by circuitry (not shown) Within the integrated circuit device 11.
  • circuitry (not shown) Within the integrated circuit device 11.
  • a current loop exists from the negative potential of power source 14, through the emitter 21 and collector 23 of transistor 20, the resistor 13 and to the positive side of the source 14.
  • Conduction of the transistor 20 causes the potential at the collector 23 to be substantially equal to the potential at the emitter 21, which is ground potential.
  • This causes the base 32 of transistor 30 to be less positive than its emitter 31 which turns on the transistor 30.
  • This causes another current loop associated with the power source 14 to exist between the negative, or grounded side, of the source 14, through the transistor 20, the resistor 40, the base 32, emitter 31 junction of transistor 30, the diode 43 and the positive side of the source 14.
  • the emitter-base junction of transistor 30 and the diode 43 constitute two serially connected diodes.
  • Another current loop associated with the source 14 exists between ground potential, through the transistor 20, the resistors 40 and 41 and the positive side of the source 14.
  • Still another current loop exists between ground potential, through the series resistor 42, diode 43 network and the positive side of the source 14.
  • Conduction of the current switching transistor 30 causes a relatively high current loop to exist from the negative side of the source 36, the lead 38, through the collector 33 and emitter 31 electrodes of the transistor 30, the lead 37 to the positive side of the source 36.
  • This current flow through the coil 34 activates the associated solenoid (not shown), or like output device. Since the power source 36 never electrically sees ground potential, the relatively high current produced by the source 36 remains totally confined to the loop defined by the source 36, the lead 38, the coil 34, the collector 33 to emitter 31 of transistor 30, and the lead 37.
  • the base 32 of transistor 30 is again positive with respect to the emitter 31 to cause transistor 30 to be nonconductive to eliminate current flow from the source 36.
  • any oscillations, or ringing, that may tend to occur due to the coil 34 are damped out, in a well-known manner, by the diode 35.
  • the diode 43 is always conducting and the conduction of diode 43 is independent of whether transistors 20 and/ or 30 are conductive or nonconductive.
  • the conduction of diode 43 establishes an electrical reference between the two power sources 14 and 36 such that causing the transistor 20 to be alte'rnately conducting and nonconducting enables efiicient current switching of the transistor 30.
  • the power source 36 never sees ground potential, transients, disturbances, and the like, in the relatively high current provided by the source 36 have no effect on the relatively small currents provided by the source 14 even though, when transistor 20 is conducting current flow through the emitter 31 electrode of transistor 30 is provided by both current sources 14 and 36.
  • the relatively high current loop associated with the power source 36 is electrically independent of the relatively low current loops associated with the power source 14 to eliminate cross talk, or feedback, between the current loops associated with the power sources 14 and 36, that may tend to damage the low current device 11.
  • the leakage current of transistor 20 and the emitter-base leakage current of transistor 30 is provided by the source 14; whereas, the emitter-collector leakage current of transistor 30 is supplied by the source 36. Further, the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 does not require an additional power source for biasing the transistor 30. Also, FIG. 1 shows only one current switching device 30, one output solenoid 34 and one low current transistor 20. It is to be understood, however, that the low current device 11 may contain a plurality of output stages, such as transistor 20, which may be utilized to operate a plurality of output devices 34. As will also be apparent to those skilled in the art, a capacitor substituted for the resistor 40, as discussed above, will pass a pulse appearing on the collector 23 due to turning transistor 20 on and off in a wellknown manner to control the switching transistor 30.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a modification of the device shown in FIG. 1. Since the operation of the circuit of FIG. 2 is substantially identical to that of FIG. 1, it will not be described in detail. However, as shown by FIG. 2, the relatively high current source associated with the solenoid coil and current switching transistor can be grounded rather than the low current source. Also, the complementary transistors of FIG. 1 can be reversed by reversing the polarities of the high and low current sources and reversing the connections of the damping diode and the referencing diode.
  • Electrical referencing means comprising:
  • first circuitry coupled to said first power source and having at least one current loop associated therewith;
  • second circuitry coupled to said second power source and having at least one current loop associated therewith; and means for establishing an electrical reference between said first and second power sources such that at least one current loop associated with the first power source is electrically independent of at least one current loop associated with the second power source;
  • said means including a series diode-resistor network coupled across the two voltage terminals of one power source with the junction of said diode with said resistor being coupled to a voltage terminal of the other power source for biasing said second circuitry.
  • one said power source is a relatively low current source and the other power source is a relatively high current source.
  • electrical coupling means interconnecting the circuitry associated with one power source to the circuitry associated with the other power source.
  • an NPN transistor associated with the circuitry of one power source is coupled to a PNP transistor associated with the circuitry of the other power source by said electrical coupling means.
  • said diode in said series diode-resistor network is forwardly biased by the power source across which the series network is coupled.
  • Electrical referencing means comprising:
  • said means including a series resistor-unidirectional current device network coupled across said two voltage terminals of said relatively low current power source such that said unidirectional current device is forwardly biased and with the junction of said resistor with said unidirectional current device being coupled to a voltage terminal of the other power source for biasing said current switching means.
  • the apparatus according to claim 6 further including:
  • a relatively high current output device coupled to said switching means which is activated in response to the activation of said switching means by said integrated clrcuit.
  • said switching means includes a transistor of one conductivity type
  • said integrated circuit includes a transistor of an opposite conductivity type which is coupled to and controls said switching means transistor.
  • the junction of said resistor with said unidirectional current device is coupled to the emitter electrode of the switching transistor.
  • the opposite conductivity type integrated circuit transistor has its collector electrically coupled to the base of said switching transistor.

Landscapes

  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
US613300A 1967-02-01 1967-02-01 Referencing arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3486045A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61330067A 1967-02-01 1967-02-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3486045A true US3486045A (en) 1969-12-23

Family

ID=24456725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US613300A Expired - Lifetime US3486045A (en) 1967-02-01 1967-02-01 Referencing arrangement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3486045A (de)
DE (1) DE1638024A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1171235A (de)
NL (1) NL6801470A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5262684A (en) * 1990-12-10 1993-11-16 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Driving circuit for horizontal output circuit
US10972074B2 (en) * 2016-04-14 2021-04-06 Nexperia B.V. Solid state relay
US20220337237A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. Circuit and control method for preventing false turn-on of semiconductor switching device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5863081A (ja) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp インバ−タ装置
AT380757B (de) * 1984-08-20 1986-07-10 Schrack Elektronik Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur verbesserung des wirkungsgrades von getakteten stromversorgungsgeraeten
GB2235102A (en) * 1989-07-21 1991-02-20 Univ Lancaster Switching circuit
US5283474A (en) * 1990-06-27 1994-02-01 Idec Izumi Corporation Circuit for driving a load by using selectively one of two different DC power sources

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3122646A (en) * 1959-04-14 1964-02-25 Sperry Rand Corp Control circuit

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3122646A (en) * 1959-04-14 1964-02-25 Sperry Rand Corp Control circuit

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5262684A (en) * 1990-12-10 1993-11-16 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Driving circuit for horizontal output circuit
US10972074B2 (en) * 2016-04-14 2021-04-06 Nexperia B.V. Solid state relay
US20220337237A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. Circuit and control method for preventing false turn-on of semiconductor switching device
US11824526B2 (en) * 2021-04-16 2023-11-21 Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Circuit and control method for preventing false turn-on of semiconductor switching device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6801470A (de) 1968-08-02
DE1638024A1 (de) 1971-03-11
GB1171235A (en) 1969-11-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0055816B1 (de) Schaltkreis zur Überwachung der Funktion eines elektrischen Schalters
US2887542A (en) Non-saturating junction-transistor circuits
US3708672A (en) Solid state relay using photo-coupled isolators
US2879412A (en) Zener diode cross coupled bistable triggered circuit
US2986652A (en) Electrical signal gating apparatus
US3995173A (en) Solid state fail-safe logic system
US3217181A (en) Logic switching circuit comprising a plurality of discrete inputs
US3486045A (en) Referencing arrangement
US2990478A (en) Anti-saturation circuits for transistor amplifiers
US3553486A (en) High noise immunity system for integrated circuits
US3491251A (en) Logic circuit having noise immunity capability which exceeds one-half the logic swing in both directions
US2997602A (en) Electronic binary counter circuitry
US2939967A (en) Bistable semiconductor circuit
US3487233A (en) Detector with upper and lower threshold points
US2850630A (en) Transistor multivibrator
US3935542A (en) Contactless oscillator-type proximity sensor with constant-voltage impedance
US3571616A (en) Logic circuit
US3189758A (en) Isolating and pulse-producing circuit
US3078393A (en) Driver for inductive load
US3858059A (en) High speed driver circuit
US3089962A (en) Transistor monostable multivibrator
US3187196A (en) Trigger circuit including means for establishing a triggered discrimination level
US4456836A (en) Gate circuit for gate turn-off thyristor
US3049630A (en) Transformer-coupled pulse amplifier
US3011066A (en) Transistor amplifier circuit with feedback control means