Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
  • D06P1/651—Compounds without nitrogen
  • D06P1/65106—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • D06P1/65143—Compounds containing acid anhydride or acid halide groups
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
  • D06P5/22—Effecting variation of dye affinity on textile material by chemical means that react with the fibre

Definitions

• the treatment with the acidic reagent converts a fiber which is only faintly dyeable with acid type dyes to one which can readily be dyed to very deep shades by such types of dyes. So sensitive is such fiber to this acid activation treatment that wherever it is not treated with the acidic reagent to a point of substantial equilibrium, variations in depth of color occur when the fiber is dyed. Thus it is essential to the success of the processes disclosed in the said copending applications that the activation treatment with the acidic reagant be performed with a high degree of uniformity.
• Activation treatment procedures involving the continuous passage of the fiber in yarn form through a liquid bath of the acidic reagant is frequently highly uneconomical because of the amount of activating reagant carried off on the fiber and because of the cost of rewinding.
• Batchwise procedures for contacting packages of the yarn wound on cores with the acidic reagent have inevitably required special precautions with attendant additional cost to avoid non-uniformity in the activation of the yarn package.
• One such expedient is to wind the yarn on specially constructed perforated cores in order to assure uniformity of activation when such yarn packages are immersed in a liquid bath of acidic reagant.
• the rewind-- ing operation to and from such specially prepared cores adds considerably to the cost of the yarn.
• Other expedients involve tedious and expensive procedures for circulating the acidic reagant through the packages of yarn.
• the moisture content of the yarn subjected to treatment by the acid anhydride in the process of this invention must be at least approximately 1% O.W.F. (on weight of fiber) in order to result in uniform activation of a marked degree. Ideally, however, the moisture content will be 5% O.W.F. or even higher.
• the correct moisture content of the fiber or yarn may be achieved by depositing water upon the yarn either before it is wound upon the core or thereafter.
• the yarn is generally coated with a fiber finish dis persed or dissolved in water after the spinning and drawing steps are completed, it is frequently convenient to apply this finish solution or dispersion in such a fashion that the correct quantity of water remains upon the yarn as it is wound upon the core into a package. Care must then be exercised to prevent this moisure from evaporating during the interval between the finishing operation and the activation treatment of this invention.
• One convenient way to avoid such drying out is to store the packages in polyethylene bags.
• this moisture can be imparted to the yarn by treating the yarn package with steam before the vacuum is applied.
• the steam may be saturated or superheated, but its temperature should not exceed the temperature above which yarns of the character to be treated tend to undergo excessive shrinkage, which is C. in the case of polypropylene.
• the moistened yarn wound upon cores is then subjected to a vacuum of at least 20, but preferably over 27 inches of mercury. Then the space surrounding the package of yarn is filled with vapors of the acid anhydride, which upon combination with the water upon the yarn forms the acidic reagent which activates the yarn.
• the acid anhydride is a material which boils below the treatment temperature, it may be introduced into the chamber where the treatment is being performed as a liquid and, by raising the temperature above the boiling point, be permitted to boil so that the vapor fills the space. More conveniently, the acid anhydride is admitted as a gas. As the acid anhydride reacts with the water upon the yarn, the pressure in the chamber in which the activation is being performed drops.
• Additional acid anhydride is introduced either incrementally or continuously to reestablish the desired pressure by means of a pressure sensitive valve or by manual control.
• the achievement of equilibrium is signified by cessation of the tendency of the pressure in the chamber to fall, i.e. by the maintenance of constant pressure in 'the chamber without the further addition of acid anhydride.
• the length of time required to achieve equilibrium depends upon the amount of yarn wound upon the packages, the winding pattern and the tightness of the winding, the identity and reactivity of the acid anhydride, the yarn size and extent to which it is bulked, and upon the temperature.
• the process of this invention is particularly suitable for activating multi-filament yarns which have been texturized.
• the upper practical limit of temperature for thi process is that temperature above which the yarns which are to be activated by this process undergo excessive shrinkage, 140 C. in the case of polypropylene.
• Acid anhydrides suitable for use in this invention are sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide, and any other material which, upon combination with water, forms a Bronsted acid. (Bronsted acids are compounds capable of donating a proton in a reaction.)
• the preferred acid anhydrides for use in the process of this invention are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
• the chamber should be capable of withstanding a vacuum and should not be corroded by the materials employed in the process, notably the acid formed by the acid anhydride. It may be convenient to use an autoclave with a removable head to facilitate the loading and unloading of the packages of yarn to be treated. It is also convenient for the chamber to be fitted with a pressure gauge, to permit observation of the progress of the treatment and the achievement of equilibrium.
• the yarns which may conveniently be activated by the process of this invention are those disclosed in the said co-pending applications.
• hydrocarbon polymer is used herein to refer to the matrix material of which the fiber is largely composed.
• the preferred material in our invention is polypropylene, and further discussion will be mainly in terms of this representative hydrocarbon polymer for the sake of simplicity of expression.
• the invention is equally applicable to all fiber-forming hydrocarbon linear high polymers, including poly-(l-alkenes) such as polyethylene, poly-l-butene, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), copolymers of two or more l-alkenes, copolymers of nonterminal olefins with l-alkenes, etc.
• Examples of the highly polar basic polymers which we incorporate in the hydrocarbon polymers are basic nitrogen-containing materials of the following types.
• Thermoplastic polymers of vinyl-substituted monoand polycyclic pyridine bases either homopolymers or copolymers, including graft copolymers.
• Thermoplastic polyamides including condensation homopolymers and copolymers, in which the amide groups are an integral part of the polymer chain, and addition homopolymers and copolymers having pendant groups containing or consisting of amide groups.
• Amine polymers including condensation homopolymers and copolymers, in which the amine group is an integral part of the polymer chain, and addition homopolymers and copolymers having pendant groups which include or consist of amine groups.
• the basic nitrogen polymers employed are not extractable from admixtures thereof with the hydrocarbon polymer, under the conditions of treating and dyeing used. Thus, after a one-hour extraction of the fiber with boiling water at a pH of 3, at least of the originally added nitrogen polymer should remain in the hydrocarbon polymer.
• the amount of the basic nitrogen polymer a ded o the hyd oca bo p ymer h ld be uf c e so that, after the treatment of the invention, it will bind the amount of dye required to produce the shade desired.
• the vinyl-substituted monocyclic and polycyclic pyridine base dye-receptor polymer incorporated in the hydrocarbon polymer in accordance with the invention is present either as a homopolymer, or as a copolymer with another vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith, or as a graft copolymer with a hydrocarbon high polymer.
• the monovinylpyridines useful in making the above named dye-receptive polymers include 2-vinylpyridine, 3- vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 5-methyl-2-vinylpyridine, 2-ethyl 5 vinylpyridine, Z-methyl-S-vinylpyridine, 2- ethyl-6-vinylpyridine, 2-isopropenylpyridine, etc.
• Polymerizable olefinic monomers with which the monovinylpyridine may be copolymerized include acrylic and methacrylic esters typified by ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, vinyl aryl hydrocarbons typified by styrene and vinyltoluenes, and butadiene-l, 3.
• the monovinylpyridine may be graft-copolymerized by well known methods with a previously formed linear high polymer, typified by polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polybutadiene. It is always desirable that the basic polymer contain no more than a minor proportion of material copolymerized with a monovinylpyridine, since only the pyridine portion of the polymer additive is active in enhancing the dyeability of the hydrocarbon polymer.
• the polyamides useful as the dye-receptors include homopolyamides such as poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), polyvinylpyrrolidinone polycaprolactam, polyenantholactam, and copolyamides such as Zytel 61 (Du Pont), an interpolymer of hexamethylene adipamide and hexamethylene sebacamide with caprolactam.
• homopolyamides such as poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), polyvinylpyrrolidinone polycaprolactam, polyenantholactam, and copolyamides such as Zytel 61 (Du Pont), an interpolymer of hexamethylene adipamide and hexamethylene sebacamide with caprolactam.
• vinyl polymers with pendant groups consisting of or containing amide groups there are the substituted poly(vinylpyrrolidinones), e.g., N-vinyl-3- alkylpyrrolidinone, and N-substituted polyacrylamides, e.g., N-butylacrylamide.
• copolymers of the amide-containing vinyl monomers with other olefinic monomers such as acrylic and methacrylic esters typified by ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, vinyl aryl hydrocarbons typified by styrene and vinyltoluenes, and butadine-1,3.
• the vinylpyrrolidinones or acrylamides may be graft-copolymerized by well-known methods with a previously formed linear high polymer, typified by polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polybutadiene. It is always desirable that the basic polymer contain no more than a minor proportion of material copolymerized with the vinylpyrrolidinones or acrylamides, since only the amide portion of the polymer additive is active in enhancing the dyeability of the hydrocarbon polymer.
• amine polymers useful as the dye receptor there are the condensation products of epihalohydrins or dihaloparaffins with one or more amines, such as those disclosed in Belgian Patent No. 606,306, exemplified by the condensation product of dodecylamine, piperazine and epichlorohydrin; as examples of addition polymers with pendant groups consisting of or containing amines there are the reaction product of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer with 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine (the reaction product being a polyamino-polyimide), and styrene-allylamine copolymers such as those disclosed in US. Patent 2,456,428.
• EXAMPLE 1 A 375 filament, 3700 denier yarn melt-spun from a polymeric composition comprising 97% isotatic polypropylene and 3% of a copolymer of equal parts of 2-. vinylpyridine and 2-m y -5-vi y pyridine was t x urizerl and wound by a standard constant tension winding apparatus upon an ordinary cardboard cylindrical core to form a two pound package. As the yarn was being wound, it was placed in contact with a roll wetted with an aqueous solution of a yarn finish. The yarn package, which contained 5% O.W.F. moisture, was placed in an autoclave. The autoclave was evacuated to 27 inches of mercury, and then sulfur dioxide was admitted until the pressure was again raised to one atmosphere.
• EXAMPLE 2 A 208 denier, 8 filament yarn melt-spun from a polymeric composition comprising 97% isotactic polypropylene and 3% Zytel 61, wound upon a cylindrical cardboard core to form a two pound package, was placed in an autoclave.
• the autoclave was evacuated to 27 inches of mercury. Steam was introduced to raise the total pressure in the autoclave to 23 inches of mercury. N0 was admitted to the autoclave to raise the pressure to atmospheric. Further increments of N0 were added to maintain the pressure at atmospheric. After approximately 10 minutes, no further additions of N0 were required to maintain the puressure at atmospheric.
• the autoclave was evacuated, and then opened to remove the yarn.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23746769

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (3)

Citations (1)

• 1965
  • 1965-03-15 US US439943A patent/US3485574A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1966
  • 1966-03-02 AT AT197266A patent/AT266029B/de active
  • 1966-03-08 NL NL6602978A patent/NL6602978A/xx unknown
  • 1966-03-08 GB GB9985/66A patent/GB1139563A/en not_active Expired
  • 1966-03-09 FR FR52708A patent/FR1474266A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1966-03-09 BE BE677535D patent/BE677535A/xx unknown
  • 1966-03-11 LU LU50635A patent/LU50635A1/xx unknown

Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents