US3484928A - Interconnection of lead parts - Google Patents
Interconnection of lead parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3484928A US3484928A US645622A US3484928DA US3484928A US 3484928 A US3484928 A US 3484928A US 645622 A US645622 A US 645622A US 3484928D A US3484928D A US 3484928DA US 3484928 A US3484928 A US 3484928A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- interconnection
- electrolyte
- lead parts
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/268—Pb as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/10—Lead or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
Definitions
- a method according to the invention comprises treating the parts electro-chemically to clean them.
- a lead part to be cleaned prior to welding is immersed in an electrolyte which can be a solution of an acid, an alkali or an ionic salt.
- a second electrode which can be lead or any other metal which is insoluble in the electrolyte, is also immersed in the electrolyte.
- a voltage is applied between the two electrodes so that the article to be cleaned is the cathode, and the second electrode is the anode.
- the lead compounds present on the article to be cleaned are reduced to metallic lead.
- the minimum quantity of electricity which must be passed to reduce all the compounds present to lead can be calculated if the weight and approximate composition of the contaminant is known. However, not all the current is used in this way, because other processes, for example the evolution of hydrogen, may take place at the same time. For this reason, the actual quantity of electricity required has to be found empirically.
- oxidation inhibitor As the resultant surface of the part to be cleaned consists of finely divided lead, it is usually necessary to include an oxidation inhibitor in the electrolyte to prevent 'ice vre-oxidation of the surface.
- Suitable compounds for use as oxidation inhibitors are phenols or other known surfaceactive agents.
- the electrolyte was 5% sulphuric acid
- the anode was lead
- the oxidation inhibitor was hydroquinone.
- the cathode was maintained at a voltage of -2.0 volts as compared with a saturated calomel reference electrode, and a reduction time of one minute or less was found to be necessary depending on the amount of contaminant present on the lead part.
- the electrolyte used was 5% sodium hydroxide, and the cathode was held at 2.0 volts.
- the remaining conditions were as specified in the first example.
- suitable inhibitors are nitroguanidine, morpholine, glucose, phenol and stearic acid.
- more than one cathodic treatment may be required.
- the cleaning step comprises impressing electric current across the elements and an anode so as to make said elements perdominantly cathodic while immersing said elements and said anode in an aqueous electrolyte capable of electrolytically reducing lead oxides and continuing said current until said oxides are substantially reduced to free lead.
Description
United States Patent US. Cl. 29-488 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Lead parts are interconnected by treating them electrochemically to clean them, and then dipping them into molten lead.
It is known to interconnect lead parts by dipping them into molten lead. The effectiveness of this technique depends on the lead parts being clean, and the present invention provides a method of pretreating the parts without the necessity of mechanical cleaning or the use of a flux. A method according to the invention comprises treating the parts electro-chemically to clean them.
In one example, a lead part to be cleaned prior to welding is immersed in an electrolyte which can be a solution of an acid, an alkali or an ionic salt. A second electrode, which can be lead or any other metal which is insoluble in the electrolyte, is also immersed in the electrolyte. A voltage is applied between the two electrodes so that the article to be cleaned is the cathode, and the second electrode is the anode. As a result of the passage of current, the lead compounds present on the article to be cleaned are reduced to metallic lead. The minimum quantity of electricity which must be passed to reduce all the compounds present to lead can be calculated if the weight and approximate composition of the contaminant is known. However, not all the current is used in this way, because other processes, for example the evolution of hydrogen, may take place at the same time. For this reason, the actual quantity of electricity required has to be found empirically.
As the resultant surface of the part to be cleaned consists of finely divided lead, it is usually necessary to include an oxidation inhibitor in the electrolyte to prevent 'ice vre-oxidation of the surface. Suitable compounds for use as oxidation inhibitors are phenols or other known surfaceactive agents.
In one specific example, the electrolyte was 5% sulphuric acid, the anode was lead, and the oxidation inhibitor was hydroquinone. The cathode was maintained at a voltage of -2.0 volts as compared with a saturated calomel reference electrode, and a reduction time of one minute or less was found to be necessary depending on the amount of contaminant present on the lead part.
In a second example, the electrolyte used was 5% sodium hydroxide, and the cathode was held at 2.0 volts. The remaining conditions were as specified in the first example. In this example, suitable inhibitors are nitroguanidine, morpholine, glucose, phenol and stearic acid.
In some instances, more than one cathodic treatment may be required.
After cleaning, the interconnection is completed by dipping the parts into molten lead in known manner.
Having thus described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. In a process of interconnecting elements made from lead including cleaning the elements and subsequently immersing the cleaned elements into a bath of molten lead; the improvement wherein the cleaning step comprises impressing electric current across the elements and an anode so as to make said elements perdominantly cathodic while immersing said elements and said anode in an aqueous electrolyte capable of electrolytically reducing lead oxides and continuing said current until said oxides are substantially reduced to free lead.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrolyte includes an oxidation inhibitor.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 172,956 2/1876 Benton 29-503 600,250 3/1898 Reese .a 29503 699,592 5/1902 Thompson 29-484 3,410,771 11/1968 Sudrabin et al. 204
ROBERT K. MIHALEK, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
z9-so3; 117-41, 204-29, 140
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB3238166 | 1966-07-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3484928A true US3484928A (en) | 1969-12-23 |
Family
ID=10337722
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US645622A Expired - Lifetime US3484928A (en) | 1966-07-19 | 1967-06-13 | Interconnection of lead parts |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3484928A (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US172956A (en) * | 1876-02-01 | Improvement in the manufacture of floats | ||
US600250A (en) * | 1898-03-08 | Galvanized or metallic-coated wire-cloth | ||
US699592A (en) * | 1902-03-26 | 1902-05-06 | Murphy John | Process of rendering joints of sheet-metal vessels hermetically tight. |
US3410771A (en) * | 1965-05-03 | 1968-11-12 | Wallace & Tiernan Inc | Treatment of lead alloy anodes |
-
1967
- 1967-06-13 US US645622A patent/US3484928A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US172956A (en) * | 1876-02-01 | Improvement in the manufacture of floats | ||
US600250A (en) * | 1898-03-08 | Galvanized or metallic-coated wire-cloth | ||
US699592A (en) * | 1902-03-26 | 1902-05-06 | Murphy John | Process of rendering joints of sheet-metal vessels hermetically tight. |
US3410771A (en) * | 1965-05-03 | 1968-11-12 | Wallace & Tiernan Inc | Treatment of lead alloy anodes |
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