US3483628A - Templet - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 16, 1969 A. L. NEWMAN 3,

' TEMPLET Filed May 13, 1968 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ALBERT L. NEWMAN ATTORNEY Dec. 16, 1969 A.-L. NEWMAN TEMPLET I 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 13, 1968 FIG. 5

FIG. 6

FIG. 3

M m mN L mT m w A 4 G F Deck 16, 1969 A. L. NEWMAN TEMPLET s Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 13. 1968 FIG. 7

INVENTOR ALBERT L. NEWMAN FIG. 8

ATTORN 5Y 'Dec. 16, 1969 A. L. NEWMAN 3,483,628

TEMPLET Filed May 13, 1968 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 4; BER T L IVEWMA/V Dec. 16, 1969 A. L. NE'WMAN 3,483,623

TEMPLET Filed May 13, 1968 5 Sheets -Sheet 5 INVENTOR 27425971. NEWMAN ATTORNEY 3,483,628 TEMPLET Albert L. Newman, Cleveland, Ohio (24 Sunny Hill Road, Dover, NJ. 07801) Filed May 13, 1968, Ser. No. 728,475 Int. Cl. C011) /24 US. Cl. 33-174 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A tracing or gauging templet for a geometric form having equal length sides and equal angles is infinitely adjustable between predetermined minimum and maximum sizes.

In its preferred form, this invention relates to an instrument such as is used by a draftsman or artist in tracing multi-sided geometric forms having equal angles and equal length sides, such as equilateral triangles, hexagons or octagons.

Typically, a conventional instrument for this purpose is made in the form of a flat, thin tracing templet having a number of different-sized openings therethrough, from which the draftsman selects the one he wishes to trace. Obviously, there are limits to the number of openings in a given size of templet, thus permitting its use only if the particular size opening is available. If not available, the draftsrnan must depart from the templet and use normal drafting instruments to obtain the proper size geometric form.

The present invention has as its principal object the availability in one instrument of an infinite number of sizes between a minimum and maximum of a multi-sided geometric form, as permitted by the size and construction of the instrument itself.

More specifically it is an object of this invention to provide a tracing or gauging instrument which is infinitely adjustable between a minimum and maximum-size opening in the shape of a hexagon or octagon.

Another object is to provide a templet for tracing the shape of a hexagonal opening which is infinitely adjustable between predetermined limits, and wherein the templet includes chart elements for automatically indicating the size of the opening in accordance with the selection from the chart of a specific thread diameter of one of a variety of hexagonal-shaped screw heads.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a templet according to the invention in which a minimum-size hexagonal opening is presented for tracing through said templet.

FIG. 2 is a view of the templet of FIG. 1, but shown adjusted to a position approaching the maximum-size hexagonal opening.

FIG. 3 is a view of the face member of the templet of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a view of the back member of the templet of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 5 is a view of the center member of the templet of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is a View of an adjustment tab, and is shown looking in the direction of the arrow X of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a view of a templet of my invention providing an octagonal shape, and corresponds, in the positions of the elements, essentially to the showing of the hexagonal instrument of FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 shows the instrument of FIG. 7 with an opening closely approaching its maximum.

FIG. 9 is a view of the face member of the instrument of FIGS. 7 and 8.

nited States Patent 0 FIG. 10 is a view of the back member of the instrument of FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 11 is a view of one of the two identical center members of the instrument of FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 12 is a modified hexagonal templet.

FIG. 13 is a view of one of the guide means of FIG. 12, and is taken substantially along lines 1313 of FIG. 12.

Referring now to the templet for tracing hexagonal shapes as shown in FIGS. 1-6, the instrument comprises a face member 10, a back member 11 and a center member 12. The face member 10 may have provided at the left end thereof an operating tab 13, while the back member 11 may have a similar operating tab 14 at its right end. The preferred form of tab is shown in more detail in FIG. 6.

The purpose of the tabs 13 and 1 4 is to permit the user to readily slide the members 10 and 11 relatively in a horizontal direction as viewed in FIG. 1. Comparison of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows that the tabs 13, 14 have been moved apart in the latter figure, having been guided in such movement by vertical guide means or slots 15 and 16 at the left and right side edges respectively of the face member 10. The ends of the slots 15, 16 coincide closely to the height of the back member 11, and thus provide for accurate, controlled movement of the members 10 and 11 relative to each other in a straight-line, horizontal direction. The face and back members 10 and 11 are each provided with a hexagonal opening 17, 18 respectively, of the maximum-size opening that the instrument is adapted to provide. In the illustrated embodiment, the opening has been arbitrarily selected at two inches, as will be noted later. It will be seen that for any selected opening smaller than the maximum size, the hexagonal opening 17 will provide the left vertical side and the lower left angular side of the hexagon. The opening 18 will provide the right vertical side and the lower right angular side of the hexagon. Together then, these two openings 17, 18 will provide four of the six sides of a hexagon. The two upper angular sides of the hexagonal opening are provided by edges 19 and 20 formed on the lower, inward side of the center member 12. The center member 12 moves in opposite directions vertically as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the proper amount as controlled by movement of the face and back members 10 and 11 and certain guide means contained thereon. The center member 12 is in the general form of an inverted V, and is guided by slots 21 and 22 in the face member and slots 23 and 24 in the back member. As will now be seen, the slots 21-24, the depending legs of the center member and the outside upper edges of the member 12 together constitute guide means for causing controlled sliding vertical movement of the center member 12 in response to actuated movements of the members 10 and 11 in the horizontal direction. The amount of movement of the member 12 will be such as to always retain the hexagonal shape. The slots 21 and 23 are shown as being arranged at and the legs of the center member 12 are arranged at with respect to the horizontal. The 60 angle is the proper angle for maintaining the hexagonal shape, or any other geometric form having three or a multiple of three equal length sides and equal angles. The 30 angle of slots 21 and 23 is not essential, since only the ends of the slots perform a guiding function. It will be seen that the center member 12 has its left inclined side edge always against the left end of the slot 22 in the member 10, while its right inclined side edge always rides against the right end of the slot 24 in the member 11. The peak and the two depending legs of the center member 12 are each provided with hook portions 25, 26 and 27 respectively to limit movement of the three members at their minimum and maximum size openings as can be noted from FIGS. 1 and 2.

The distance between the two vertical sides, and therefore between any two parallel sides, of a hexagonal opening formed by the three members can be determined by reading a scale 28 printed on the face member and visually following a pointer 29 which is formed on the back member 11, but can be seen through the member 10. Preferably, all three members are either transparent or of the semi-transparent type which enables easy visibility through the members when lying flat against each other, although certain areas may be required or desired to be opaque.

By referring now to FIG. 3, it will be noticed that the left vertical side of the opening 17 has a line extending downwardly therefrom with the letter A and an arrow pointing horizontally to the line 30 at its lower end. Referring now to FIG. 4, it will be seen that there is a similar line 30a extending downwardly from the right vertical side of the opening 18', with an arrow at the lower end of the line. Referring back again to FIGS. 1 and 2, lines 30 and 30a can be seen to indicate the width of the open ing between the two vertical sides of the hexagon, with the letter A indicating the dimension. It will be noticed also on the scale 28 in FIGS. 1 and 2, that the pointer 29 is in the position corresponding to the size of the opening or dimension A in each figure.

Although I show my invention in the form of a drafting instrument in which an opening is provided, it should be understood that instead of an opening, I may merely wish to provide scribed lines corresponding to the two edges of each member which form the hexagon, and thus merely show the size of the hexagon. I will, however, continue to describe this and other forms of my invention as a drafting instrument, in which the opening is provided for tracing therethrough.

One general purpose for which the hexagonal-shaped opening illustrated in the form of my invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 6 is extremely useful, is in drafting the plan view of bolt and screw heads. Referring again to FIG. 3, the face member 10 has printed at the right end thereof a chart showing three common hex-head screw and bolt arrangements. At the upper left end of the chart is illustrated a socket screw 31, which may be either the flat-head or button-head type. Shown immediately to the right of the socket screw 31 is a socket cap screw 32, and to the right of that is the conventional hexhead bolt 33. The relationship of the diameter of the threaded portions of each of these different types of screws and bolts to the size of the hexagonal opening in the head or exterior of the head differs substantially. Now, let us assume the draftsman wishes to trace a hex opening in a socket cap screw which he knows has a threaded portion which is one-half inch in diameter. First he visually locates the printed arrow labelled Thread Dia. at the upper left of the chart, and looks down along the printed fractions until he sees the circle indicating /2". He then follows a transparent slot extending to the right of the circle, and inclined slightly upwardly. By moving members 10 and 11 horizontally, one of a pattern of dots 34 printed on member 11 will appear in the slot 35. When the dot is directly in vertical alignment with a dimension line 36, the hexagonal opening in the templet will be the appropriate size for a half-inch socket cap screw.

There is a transparent slot corresponding to slot 35 for each of the other thread diameters indicated. The spaces between the adjacent slots is opaque. The dot pattern 34 is approximately arranged and selected to permit only one dot to be viewed in a slot for a given screw type. For example, note in FIG. 4 that no two dots are in the same horizontal line.

The dot d on the back member 11 of FIG. 4 is located in the proper position to be aligned with a dimension line 41 when the hex opening in the templet is of the appropriate size for a flat-head or button head socket screw 31. The dot d cannot appear in its slot 35 in alignment with either the dimension line 36 for the socket cap screw or the dimension line 37 for the hexhead bolt 33. Similarly, all the remaining dots of the pattern 34 are capable of aligning with their corresponding slots .55 only in one appropriate position, representing the proper size hexagonal opening for the type of screw or bolt to which it relates.

The hex-head form of my invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 6 is capable of also being used as a gauging tool. For example, an object having an exterior or hexagonal or circular shape may be gauged by having the opening in the instrument coincide with the object. Its size is then determined by viewing the scale 28. A further manner in which the instrument of FIGS. 1 through 6 can be utilized is to gauge the head of a hex-head bolt and determine the diameter of its threaded portion by viewing along the dimension line 37 until a dot is located in one of the slots 35, then following leftwardly along that slot 35 in which the dot appears. The diameter of the threaded portion can now be read from the chart printed on the face member 10.

Having now described my invention in the form of a templet used for making hexagonal shapes, it can be seen that by appropriate selection of elements and angles of movement, the objects of my invention can be achieved in making a variety of geometric forms having equal length sides and equal angles between the adjacent sides. For example, refer now to FIGS. 7 through 11, which illustrate an instrument for producing the shape of an octagon. The elements of the templet of FIG. 7 comprise a face member 50, a back member 51, and two center members 52 and 53. The members and 51 may be provided with tabs corresponding to tabs 13 and 14 of FIG. 1, but these have been omitted for purposes of simplicity of description. Slots 54 and 55 serve identically as do slots 15 and 16 of FIG. 1, in that they provide for a straight-line guiding of the members 50 and 51 relative to each other. The center members 52 and 53 and their guiding slots cooperate substantially identically with respect to vertical movement relative to the other two members as does the center member 12 of the FIG. 1 form of my invention. However, it will be noticed that the slots in which the legs of the members 52 and 53 are guided are arranged at 45 rather than 30 as in the hexagonal form. This is not essential, but is preferred in order to have the slots directed perpendicularly to the legs of the members 52 and 53. The sides 56 and 57 of the members 52 and 53 are arranged at a 90 angle to each other, whereas the corresponding sides of the center member 12 are at This maintains the geometric form having four or a multiple of four equal length sides and equal angles. Furthermore, an additional pair of slots 58 and 59 are provided for guiding the side edges of the center member 53.

By referring to FIGS. 9 through 11, and comparing them back to FIGS. 7 and 8, it will be seen that the octagonal opening is formed by edges 60 and 61 of the opening in the face member 50, edges 62 and 63 in the opening in the back member 51, edges 64 and 65 of the center member 52, and edges corresponding to the edges 64 and 65 of the center member 53 (see FIG. 8).

Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13, I show a modified version of the templet for tracing or gauging hexagons. The principal modification is in the area of the guiding means. For example, a face member 70, a back member 71, and a center member 72 may be guided by rivets in slots. For example, horizontal slots 73 and 74 may be provided at the bottom of the face member 70. Fastened to the back member 71 may be rivets which extend upwardly through the slots 73 and 74 with heads 75 and 76 restraining the face member and the back member 72 in proper close proximity. It will be seen that horizontal relative motion of the members 70 and 71 will cause an opening 77 in the face member 70 and an opening 78 in the back member 71 to produce four of the six sides of the hexagonal opening.

The center member 72 is provided with four rivets, 79, Si 81, and 32 the former two of which extend downwardly through a slot 83 formed in the back member 71 and the latter two of which protrude upwardly through a slot 85 in the face member 70. Slots 83 and 85 are directed inwardly and upwardly at an agle of relative to the horizontal as viewied in FIG. 12, and thus provide for movement of the center member 32 in the vertical direction at the same rate with respect to the center of the hexagonal opening as the movement of members and 71, thus maintaining the hexagonal shape of the opening in all positions of adjustment of the members. it will be understood that the rivets 79 through 82 are provided with heads corresponding to heads and 76, thus keeping all of the three essential members of the templet in close proximity while still enabling ease of sliding action relative to each other.

Having described my invention, 1 claim:

1. In a device for adjustably varying the size of a geometric form having equal length sides and equal angles while maintaining the shape of the form,

(a) first and second relatively thin, fiat members having cooperating means guiding said members for relative movement in their planes in opposite directions along a first line,

(b) at least one fiat, thin center member lying between and closely adjacent said first and second members,

(0) each of said members having a portion forming at least one of the sides of the geometric form,

(d) cooperating guiding means on each of said first, second and center members for actuating said center member to move in its plane along a second line perpendicular to the first line in response to relative movement of the first and second members, said cooperating guiding means being directed at predetermined like angles on opposite sides of said second line whereby said geometric form is maintained in all positions of adjustment of said members.

2. A device according to claim 1 wherein each of said guiding means comprises a male member attached to one member and a slot in. the other member.

3. In a device for adjustably varying the size of a geometric form having equal length sides and equal angles while maintaining the shape of the form,

(a) first, second and third relatively thin, fiat members lying in substantially parallel adjacent planes,

(b) cooperating first guide means on said first and third members guiding said members for relative movement in their planes in opposite directions along a first line,

(c) cooperating second guide means on said first and second members, and

(d) cooperating third guide means on said second and third members,

(e) said second and third guide means being directed at predetermined like angles on opposite sides of a second line perpendicular to said first line, whereby relative movement of said first and third members along said first line causes guided movement of said second member along said second line at a rate maintaining said geometric form.

4. A device according to claim 3 wherein said geometric form is a hexagon, and wherein each of said members contains two adjacent sides of said hexagon.

5. A device according to claim 3 wherein said geometric form is provided as an opening through all three of said members whereby said device may be used as a drawing templet for reproducing said form.

6. A device according to claim 5 including cooperating means on at least two of said flat members indicating the size of said opening in accordance with the relationship of said two members.

7. A device according to claim 3 including handle means on each of said first and third members, each of said handle means being relatively fiat and hinged to its respective member for lying flat thereagainst when in inoperative position.

8. A device according to claim 3 including a scale extending in the direction of said first line and being on one of said first and third members, and a pointer cooperating with said scale on the other of said first and third members, said scale and pointer indicating the size of said geometric form in accordance with the relationship of said members.

9. A device according to claim 5 including a scale on one of said first and third members and extending parallel to said second line, and a line of cooperating markers on the other of said first and third members and lying at an angle crossing said scale, whereby the size of said opening can be determined in accordance with the alignment of a selected marker with said scale.

16. A device according to claim 9 wherein a series of scales and a series of lines of markers, one line cooperating with each scale, are provided in the form of a chart, and wherein each scale is made up of screw types having a relationship between the screw head and screw shank dilferent than the corresponding relationship of other screw types for said other scales.

11. In a device for adjustably varying the size of a geometric form having equal length sides and equal angles while maintaining the shape of the form,

(a) first, second, third and fourth relatively thin, flat members lying in substantially parallel adjacent planes,

(b) cooperating first guide means on said first and fourth members guiding said members for relative movement in their planes in opposite directions along a first line,

(c) cooperating second guide means on said first and second members,

(d) cooperating third guide means on said second and fourth members,

(e) said second and third guide means being directed at predetermined like angles on opposite sides of a second line perpendicular to said first line,

(f) cooperating fourth guide means on said first and third members,

(g) cooperating fifth guide means on said third and fourth members,

(h) said fourth and fifth guide means being directed at predetermined like angles on opposite sides of said second line,

(i) said second and third members being arranged for movement in diametrically opposite directions at the same rate relative to said second line, whereby, at the center of the intersecting first and second lines, said geometric form is produced.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 973,020 10/1910 Fisk -56 2,702,944 3/1955 Lane et al. 33-103 SAMUEL S. MATTHEWS, Primary Examiner

Images