US2080620A - Drafting instrument - Google Patents

Description

May 18, 1937. R. 1. MARTIN 2,080,620

- DRAFTVING INSTRUMENT 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 19, 1954 IIvvENTbR RAYMOND I. MA RT! N,

M d-M AT TORNEYS May 18, 1937. R. l. MARTIN DRAFTING INSTRUMENT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 19, 1954 FIG 14 FICnlE.

Flr. 13

INVENTOR RAYMOND I. MARTIN,

ATTORNEY ioof a given size.

Patented May 18, 1937 UNITED STATES 2,080,620 DRAFTING INSTBUDIENT Raymond I. Martin, Dayton, Ohio Application October 19, 1934, Serial No. 749,084

11 Claims. (Cl. 33-104) This invention relates to drafting instruments and, in particular, to such instruments employed in tracing the outlines of various objects from standard templates.

One object of my invention is to provide a drafting instrument having a plurality of apertures arranged in a series, these apertures having such outlines as to enable the tracing and reproduction of the outline of standard bolts, nuts and screws Another object of my invention is to provide a drafting instrument having a plurality of series of apertures, each series having outlines of such natures as to enable the tracing of the exact sizes of the heads, shafts and nuts of various standard bolts and screws.

Another object is to provide a drafting instrument with a plurality of sets of standard curves, each set of curves containing individual templates adapted to reproduce some portion of the outline of a standard bolt, nut or screw of a given size, there for each such standard size in the sizes ordinarily used, so that the necessity for the use of the compass and scale or any other triangle, as well as reference to charts for sizes in the laying out of standard bolts, nuts or screws is entirely eliminated and such work correspondingly facilitated. 1

Another object is to provide such a combination of sets of bolt, nut and screw templates in connection with a draftsmans triangle, whereby these various elements may be exactly aligned relative to the T-square and drawing board.

35 Another object is to provide a drafting instrument consisting of a thin fiat piece of material having sets of apertures adapted to reproduce the contours of standard nuts, bolts and screws and also the radii of various circles and arcs in common sizes.

' Another object is to provide such sets of template curves for the contours of bolts, nuts and screws so aligned within a draftmans triangle or other body having a right angle that all screw, bolt and nut templates may be aligned in the twohorizontal positions, the two vertical positions, and two 45-degree angular positions without necessitating turning the triangle over in order to alter the positions thereof.

Another'object is to provide such a plurality of sets of nut, screw or bolt templates wherein each set is provided with a plurality-of small holes or index points by the aid of which the tem-' plates may be located in their proper positions and 65 the center lines, thicknesses and widths of these being a set of such curvesmachine elements accurately laid out. By certain of these holes the body diameter is also accurately indicated.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the drafting instrument of my invention, with the various apertures made three-fourths of their normal sizes in order to facilitate illustration;

Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a single series of apertures or templates adapted to re produce the contours of the nuts, bolts or screws of a given size;

Figure 4 is a plan view of a cap screw, as laid out with the instrument of my invention;

Figure 5 is a side elevation of the cap screw layout shown in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a plan view of a bolt having the same size of shaft or shank as the cap screw of Figures 4 and 5, but with the usually larger head called for by standard specifications;

Figure '7 is a side elevation of the shown in Figure Figure 8 is a plan view similar to Figures 4 and 6, but showing the layout for a socket flllister head screw; 7

Figure 9 is a side elevation of the layout shown in Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a plan view similar to Figures 4, 6 and 8, but showing the layout of a fillister head screw; Y

Figure 11 is a side elevation of the layout shown in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a plan view of the layout of an oval-headed or countersunk screw;

Figure 13 is a side elevation of the layout shown in Figure 12;

Figure 14 is a plan view of the layout of a fiat-headed or countersunk screw;

Figure 15 is a side elevation of the layout shown in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a plan view of the layout of a hexagonal check or jam nut, and also of a standard nut;

Figure 1'7 is side elevation of the layout shown in Figure 16, for a check or jam nut;

Figure 18 is a side elevation of the layout of a standard hexagonal nut.

Referring to the drawings in detail, Figure 1 shows the drafting instrument of my invention as consisting of a body 1, preferably of thin material, and provided with edges 2 and 3 at right angles to one another. The remaining edges may be of any suitable character, large and small angular edges 4, 5,

bolt layout 6 and 1 being shown for purposes ofplate 12 illustration. fIhese edges 2 to 1 inclusive are so arranged that the draftsman can draw lines of fifteen degrees, thirty degrees, forty-five degrees, sixty degrees, seventy-dive degrees and ninety de grees from a horizontal line drawn by means of the T-square or straight edge. The drafting instrument may be provided with a knob or handle 8 by which it is conveniently located and manipulated.

The body I is provided with a plurality of sets of apertures, each set being adapted to reproduce the outline or contour of a standard hexagonal head bolt, standard hexagon head cap screw, standard hexagonal nut, standard hexagon check or jam nut, standard filiister head screw and socket fillister head screw, and flatheaded screw.

Index points consisting of accurately located small holes are also provided to show the various thicknesses and positions of the curves, and used by inserting a pencil.

The sets of contours and templates are arranged in such a manner as to indicate the characteristics of the previously mentioned nuts, bolts and screws for the standard sizes of shank of A", 1%", 1 g", and The same sets include the circles or arcs thereof having diameters from to by sixteenths, V to 1" by eighths, and A to 2" by quarters.

Taking the size as a convenient example (Figures 1 and 3), it will be noticed that the body i is provided with a circular hole 10, having a A diameter. The aperture I0 is used for draw ing the outline of the shank or body of a standard bolt or screw,-and is provided with the index mark ii, pointing toward the center thereof. Immediately above this is a template i2 havoonjunction with the index holes [3, to produce the side elevation (Figure 5) of a standard /2" cap screw. The curved edge #9 and The index point i5 is used in cooperation with the arcs i6, i3" and i8 to produce a side elevation of a standard it," check or jam nut, The widths and thicknesses of the nuts and the widths of the bolt heads are a full size larger than the Widths for the cap screws. The thickness of the bolt head, however, is that of its normal size. Thus for the bolt 2! shown in Figure 7, its nut 22 shown in Figure 18,

the index points '25, 26 and 2'! for the nut, and i3, M and it for the bolt head. The plan View of the .bolt head is drawn by using the templates 4? and 48. (It will be recalled that Figure 1 is drawn to a three-quarter scale, hence the temcurved outlines drawn with the curved edges 28, 29 and 30 of the template 24. The body of the bolt, however, obviously has the same diameter as the body of screws, even though the head sizes are larger.

The sides 26 of the upper portion of the temare used in conjunction with the index hole l5 to produce the side elevation of the standard fillister head screw shown in Figure 11. The

some Immediately above the template I2 is a circular ber of templates can be distributed over the size of body i which is employed.

In addition to the six individual templates I 0, I2, 35, 38, and 13 of each templates are which may be used with the index hole 52 to produce an arc of radius. 53 thereof may be used with the same index hole 52 to produce an arc of %f' radius. The arcuate slot 54 has an arcuate edge 55 may be used in 56 to produce a circle of radius, whereas the opposite edge 51 when, used with the same index hole will produce an arc of 1" radius. Addiconnection with the index hole the bolt, nut and check nut sizes is necessary to use the outer index points 25 and 28 to determine the thickness of the regular nut, and the central index point 21 to determine the thickness of the check nut in each case.

It will be understood that I may employ a greater or lesser number of sets of these templates, or may omit certain individual templates, without departing from the scope of the invention. It will also be understood that I may employ any convenient shape may be suitable for the conditions under which the instrument is to be used. I also do'not limit myself to the particular arrangement of the individual templates shown, as these may be altered to enable the best distribution of the templates within a given shape of body I.

The various outlines which may be drawn by drafting instrument enable the dispense entirely with his compasses, drafting scales, dividers, triangles and data books for standard bolts, screws and nuts. When such a machine element is to be drawn, the dfaitsman merely observes the size thereof and selects the corresponding size from the sets of templates in the manner already described, al-

selecting the next The various produced with the aid of the preferred form of Figure 1 include drafting instrument shown in the hexagon head, cap screw, bolt, nut and check body diameters and center lines, for

the socket flllister head, standard filnut; and

These lister head, oval head and flat head screws. may be drawn in all sizes,

V4": rt",

In addition to these, diameters diameters by eighths and from /4" to 2" eters by quarters. The plans and side elevations head and oval head screws of the sizes may also be drawn. The screw has been shown in Figures 3 and 8 to 11 inclusive and also 16, 1'1 and 18, and screw in Figures 12 to 15 inclusive, because of the convenience of describing a large size on the drawings. As used for the cap screw and nut, the template 60 consists of the separated portions Si, 62 and 63 (Figure 1), these being thus divided up in order not to weaken the instrument by cutting large elongated apertures therein. In this size, the edge of the triangle or body! is used in connection with the curves 63. In addition to the various sizes the draftsman may thirty degrees, forty-five degrees, sixty degrees, seventy-five degrees and ninety In a few instances, template for the next size a slight variation from the standard size. In these few instances, however, the templates are made to a means size so that only a very slight Variation from standard occurs. These slight variations, however, do not detract from accuracy of use of the drawings produced by their aid.

Thus it will be seen that the placing of the template apertures in the body and spaced apart from the edges thereof enables the edges to be made smooth and continuous for drawing other lines or angles, as well as protecting the templates from dents or nicks.

It will be understood that I desire to comprehend within my invention such modifications as smaller nut produces may be necessary to adapt it to varying conditions and uses.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A drafting instrument comprising a body, and a set of apertures in said body, said set comprising individual template apertures having the part al outlines of theheads of standard sized bolts, said apertures having scalloped portions for the side-elevational head outlines, each scalloped portion having three index aperturesin spaced relationship therewith, one pair of said index apertures being adapted to indicate the shank diameter of said bolt, the third index aperture being spaced apart from said scalloped porthickness of the standard hexagonal head the partial out-, line of which is represented by said scalloped portion.

2. A drafting instrument comprising a body, and a set of apertures in said body, said set comprising individual template apertures having the partial outlines of the heads of the bolts in a given standard size thereof, said outlines comprising a circular aperture for the body portion, hexagonal apertures for the hexagonal portions, a scalloped portion for the side elevation views of the hexagonal portions, and a pair of index apertures in spaced relationship with said scalloped portion and adapted to indicate the shank diameter of said bolts.

3. A drafting instrument comprising a body, and a. set of apertures in said body, said set comprising individual template apertures having the.

prising a circular aperture for the body portion,

hexagonal apertures for the hexagonal portions, a scalloped portion for the side elevation views of the hexagonal portions, and three index apertures in spaced relationship portion, one pair of said index apertures being adapted to indicate the shank diameter of said bolts, and the third of said index apertures being spaced apart from said scalloped portion by the distance equivalent to the thickness of the standard hexagonal head the partial outline of which is represented by said scalloped portion.

4. A drafting instrument comprising a body, and a set of apertures in said body, said set comprising individual template apertures having the partial outlines of the heads of the bolts in a given standard size thereof, said outlines comprising a circular aperture for the body portion, hexagonal apertures for the hexagonal portions, a scalloped portion for the side elevation views pair of index apertures in spaced relationship with said scalloped portion and adapted to assist in the positioning thereof, one of said index'apertures being spaced apart from said scalloped portion by the distance equivalent to the thickness of the standard bolt or another head corresponding thereto, the other index aperture having a spacing equivalent to the thickness of the standard check nut head the partial outline of which is represented by said scalloped portion.

5. A drafting instrument comprising a body, and a plurality of sets of template apertures arranged in said body, each set comprising a series of apertures having the outline sizes corresponding to the outline dimensions of standard bolts for a given standard size of shank, the outline dimensions or the template aperture for the hexwith said scalloped .agonal bolt and nut head for a given size 01' shank being or substantiaiiy the same size as the outlines of the cap screw larger standard size of shank.

6. A drafting instrument comprising a body and a plurality of comprising a body ferent edge portions of said apertures cooperate successively to reproduce the outline appearance of said standard bolts.

body, said set com- RAYMOND I. MARTIN.

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