US3483514A - Method of exploration by transmission of mechanical waves,installation for carrying out the method and the applications thereof - Google Patents

Method of exploration by transmission of mechanical waves,installation for carrying out the method and the applications thereof Download PDF

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US3483514A
US3483514A US693956A US3483514DA US3483514A US 3483514 A US3483514 A US 3483514A US 693956 A US693956 A US 693956A US 3483514D A US3483514D A US 3483514DA US 3483514 A US3483514 A US 3483514A
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signal
emission
impulses
emitted
waves
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Maurice Barbier
Leon Sayous
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Societe Nationale des Petroles dAquitaine SA
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Societe Nationale des Petroles dAquitaine SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/157—Generating seismic energy using spark discharges; using exploding wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
    • G01V1/005—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design with exploration systems emitting special signals, e.g. frequency swept signals, pulse sequences or slip sweep arrangements

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  • the present invention relates to the study of the propagation of mechanical waves in a medium comprising heterogeneous layers and having discontinuities, with a view to determining the structure thereof.
  • One such type of exploration is used particularly for the geological study of the surface layers of the earths crust and for prospecting in general.
  • One improved method of carrying out this operation consists in that, instead of a single impulsive signal being used, such as that which is emitted by an explosive used as energy source, there is employed a non-repetitive signal formed by a transmission of mechanical waves for a certain time in accordance with a given law.
  • the present invention aims at eliminating all the disadvantages previously indicated, by providing a new method of exploration by emission of mechanical waves, based on the principle referred to above, and also on installation permitting it to be carried into effect.
  • One object of the invention consists in providing a method and an installation permitting the transmission to the material of signals which are emitted in accordance with a predetermined law and of very varied types, and more especially signals composed of shocks or vibrations, the frequency of which can vary within very wide limits.
  • Another object of the invention consists in providing a method and an installation making it possible to avoid a shift in phase and an attenuation due, for example, to the coupling between the vibration generator and the ground, being produced between the signal provided at the emission station and the mechanical energy carrier signal transmitted to the material.
  • the present invention has for its object a method of exploration of the form and the structure of a medium, in which the said medium has transmitted thereto a non-repetitive signal consisting of a train of shocks or vibrations emitted from a transmission center in accordance with a given law, and in which different components of this signal, corresponding to different propagation paths, are picked up in at least one reception station, for correlating them with the initial signal, with a view to determining the duration of these paths, characterized in that the emitted signal is formed by a train of shocks or vibrations of variable durations separated by periods of silence of likewise variable durations, each shock being formed by a series of elemenatry impulses of constant unitary energy of like direction and of variable repetition frequency, the said impulses being sufficiently close together that the result is that the intensity of the energy emitted in a given time interval is a function of the time separating the elementary impulses in the said time interval.
  • the emission of several elementary impulses can be substantially simultaneous, the times between successive elementary impulses being either equal to a given value.
  • the times between elementary impulses vary in accordance with a law which is imposed on the emitter.
  • Substantially simultaneous emission of two elementary impulses is defined as the emission of two mechanical impulses which are received by a pick-up device placed at a small distance from the source, for example, at -a distance of a few metres, as if it were a question of a single and some impulse.
  • the distribution of the emission times and of the silence times is such that the reference recording of the emitted signals on a variable density film gives an image of which the distribution of the light intensity is analogous to the recording of a portion of interference rings, known under the name of Newtons rings, defined by two straight lines parallel to a diameter of the said rings.
  • the invention is also concerned with an installation for the emission of shocks for carrying out the method as previously defined, of the type comprising means for accumulating electrical energy, means for producing a spark and means for controlling the release of the sparks, characterized in that it comprises at least one discharge member connected to at least one source of electric sparks placed in a liquid in contact with the material to be explored and connected to a common center for controlling the release of the sparks, imposing a predetermined law.
  • the control center for the release of the sparks comprises a magnetic tape on which are inscribed graphs in accordance with a predetermined arrangement, a reading head and an amplifier, the output of which is capable of being connected to the discharge member, in accordance with a law fixed in advance, by a destination selector.
  • the installation comprises several spark sources consisting of several pairs of electrodes positioned side-by-side in the liquid, each connected to a battery of condensers by means of a discharge member.
  • the installation comprises at least one source of electrical power connected to at least one spark generator comprising a condenser, an electrode assembly and a spark discharger, by means of a rotary connector driven by a motor.
  • the rotary connector is formed by an assembly of squirrel-cage type, in which a series of parallel conducting bars is supported by two insulating rings, this assembly being driven in rotation by a motor, the speed of which can vary and the rotation of which also controls the striking arc of the pilot spark discharger with a certain shift in phase With respect to the instant of the connection carried out when one of the bars produces the connection between the voltage source and the condenser.
  • the emission or trans mission arrangement comprises in addition a metal plate placed at a small distance from the emitter, the said plate being situated above the emitter when the latter is immersed.
  • the spark dischargers can be made of metallic masses connected to the condensers and situated on either side of an insulator formed with a series of holes.
  • the invention has for its object the application of the previously mentioned method and the installation for carrying the method into effect to geophysical prospecting operations using mechanical waves, characterized in that the succession frequency of the trains of impulses is between 0.1 c./s. and 1000 c./s.
  • the foregoing method and installation are used for submarine geophysical prospecting by positioning a spark source in an emission station situated beneath the surface of the sea.
  • the foregoing method and installation are used for terrestrial prospecting from a point situated at a variable depth, preferably below the zone of surface change in the ground, by plac- 4 ing a spark source in a hole formed in the ground and filled with liquid.
  • FIGURE 1 represents the assembly diagram of the arrangement according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 represents the diagram of another arrangement according to the invention
  • FIGURE 3 represents the diagram of an elementary impulse
  • FIGURE 4 represents a signal obtained by simultaneous and staggered emissions of impulses, such as represented in FIGURE 3,
  • FIGURE 5 shows another combination of impulses emitted in accordance with the process of the invention
  • FIGURE 6 shows another combination of emissions which can be used for obtaining the signal of FIGURE 5
  • FIGURE 7 represents a combination of elementary signals intended for the optical correlation and the resulting envelope curve
  • FIGURE 8 shows the use of the said arrangement for the emission of signals in marine se'ismology
  • FIGURE 9 shows the use of the said arrangement for terrestrial seisrnology.
  • a magnetic tape recorder is shown at 1; inscribed on a magnetic tape 2 are graphs which, as they pass in front of a reading head 3, give electric signals of impulse type.
  • the magnetic tape 2 passes in front of the reading head 3, which is followed by an amplifier 6.
  • the magnetic tapes are driven by the spools 4 and 5, one of which is driven and the other is free.
  • the signals appearing at the output of the amplifier 6 are applied by means of a selector 7 to two or more symmetrical shaping stages 8 and 9.
  • the shaping stage 8 receives a first signal coming from the magnetic tape, while a second signal is applied to the second shaping stage 9, arranged in parallel to the first-mentioned stage, the switching towards one or other of the said stages being effected by the selector 7.
  • the calibrated impulses leaving the shaping stage are transmitted through a line 10 to a pilot spark discharger 11, in which they cause a lowpower spark; this spark makes the spark discharger conductive and causes the discharge of a battery of condensers 12, permitting the emission of a spark between the two electrodes 13.
  • the impulse acts on a delay stage 14, which is for example formed by a monostable flip-flop; the delayed impulse is applied by way of the line 15 to a hot cathode thyratron 16 and opens this thyratron.
  • the following signal is applied to the shaping stage 9, then to a pilot spark discharger 18, permitting the discharge of a battery of condensers 19 through electrodes 20,
  • the same signal, delayed by a monostable flip-flop 21, is applied through the line 22 to a thyratron 23.
  • the combined transformer and rectifier 24 is formed by a voltage-raising three-phase transformer, a rectifier formed by solid diodes supporting a high voltage, a filter formed by a reactance and a battery of condensers. This transformer delivers a voltage of 11 kilovolts.
  • the electrodes 13 and 20 are placed close to one another in a single block of insulating material.
  • the pilot spark dischargers are equipped with a ventilation system ensuring the scavenging of the ionised air after discharge of the condensers.
  • FIG- URE 1 The basic operation of the arrangement shown in FIG- URE 1 is as follows: an alternating voltage is applied to 25, which is an alternator delivering a voltage of 380 volts with a frequency of 50 c./s., the alternator delivering a power of 50 kilowatts.
  • the combined transformer and rectifier 24 delivers to its terminals a very high voltage of 11 kilovolts. This voltage is applied to a charging circuit of a battery of condensers 19 comprising a hot cathode thyratron 23 and a doubling reactor in series with the said condenser battery.
  • the introduction of the reactor causes the condenser battery to behave as an oscillating circuit delivering a voltage, the crest of which reaches 22 kilovolts. This voltage is blocked in return by the presence of the thyratrons 16 and 23.
  • the combined transformer and rectifier 24 then charges the condenser battery 12, while the charging current is higher than the current corresponding to the direct holding current of the thyratron 16.
  • the contol electrode of the latter is in addition permanently polarized negatively by a voltage of lower value than the voltage delivered by the signal coming from 6. The thyratron is thus locked with a high degree of certainty, preventing any improper initiation of the high voltage source.
  • the functioning of the second emission assembly is identical with that of the first assembly.
  • the magnetic tape can have several tracks, each track having as destination a chain of condensers and charging and discharging elements.
  • the arrangement according to the invention in particular makes it possible to emit signals by means of two condenser batteries 12 and 19, the signals intervening in coincidence or out of phase with one another, the coincidence or dephasing being controlled by the coincidence or dephasing of the graphs recorded on the magnetic tape. It is thus seen that the sparks appearing between the electrodes 13 and the electrodes can be produced either in coincidence or out of phase.
  • FIGURE 2 shows another embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • An alternating voltage source is arranged at 25, this voltage source being connected to a voltage-raising transformer 24, at the output of which is incorporated a rectifier which delivers a voltage of for example 22 kilovolts.
  • One of the output terminals of this transformer is connected to earth, while the other terminal is connected to a brush 29a.
  • This brush comes into contact with a series of conductor bars carried by a drum 28, which drum is driven by an electric motor 26 receiving the current from a voltage source 25.
  • the brush 29a comes into contact with one of the conductor bars carried by the drum 28, for example, the bar 2811, the current passes through this bar.
  • the brush 29b which comes into contact with the bar 28a at the same time as the brush 29a picks up this electric current and applies it for the charging of a condenser battery, such as 19.
  • the motor 26 drives a disc 26a carrying a series of contacts which are staggered relatively to the bars 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d.
  • a contactor 26b connected to the voltage source 25 rubs on the disc 26a.
  • a second contactor 26b likewise rubs on the same disc.
  • an AND gate 27a Situated between the brush 26c and the striking device 27 is an AND gate 27a, which is controlled by the reading head 3.
  • the said striking device delivers a voltage which opens the gate 27a when it detects a signal recorded on the tape 2. On the other hand, no voltage is applied to the gate 27a when there is not recording on the tape.
  • the condenser 19 When the drum 28 carrying the conductor bars turns under the action of the motor 26, the condenser 19 is charged when the brushes 29a and 29b come into contact with a conducting bar, such as 26a. The charging is stopped while the brushes 29a and 29b are not in contact with a conductor bar. During this stopping of the charging, the element 27 is polarized by means of the conductors carried by the disc 26a driven by the motor 26 and when one of these conductors is in contact with the brushes 26b and 260, the said polarizing action initiating the discharge of the condenser 19, thus causing a spark.
  • the system funtions permanently and thus makes it possible for sparks to be emitted at a predetermined rate as a function of the speed of the motor.
  • an AND gate 27a Arranged in the polarizing circuit of the arrangement 27 is an AND gate 27a, which blocks the passage of the polarization voltage as long as there is no voltage at the second input of this gate.
  • the discharge control voltage does not pass and since there is no control impulse, no sparks are observed, with the result that then a silence time is observed.
  • a variant of the arrangement as described above consists in omitting the brushes 29a and 29b.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the curve of current variation in the discharge circuit as a function of time, the said current creating an elementary impulse, in which is easily distinguished the ascent time of the discharge current, that is to say, the time during which the current arriving by way of the discharger increases, and then the descent time corresponding to the discharge of the capacitance formed by the condensers 19.
  • This elementary energy impulse will be called a sonon in the remainder of the description.
  • FIGURE 4 represents a series of impulses emitted by an arrangement such as that shown in FIGURE 2, in which ten pairs of electrodes are combined.
  • the first energy impulse illustrated corresponds to the emission of 5 sonons, that is to say, 5 of the 10 arrangements have been brought into synchronism by opening 5 gates 27a.
  • the second energy impulse corresponds to the emission of 6 sonons, that is to say, when 6 of the 10 arrangements have been brought into synchronism by opening 6 gates 27a.
  • the third energy impulse corresponds to the emission of 7 sonons, the fourth to the emission of 8 sonons, the fifth to 9, the sixth to 10, the seventh to 9, and so on.
  • a new cycle recommences, in which one, then two, then three and then four impulses are emitted, in order to obtain an emission corresponding to the second group of FIGURE 4.
  • a third group is emitted, followed by a fourth.
  • the different motors 26 turn at a constant speed, and this has the result that the repetition frequency of the different impulses is constant.
  • the AND gates 27a are brought int synchronism by the graphs carried on the tape 2.
  • FIGURE 5 represents another train of impulses, in which a single device is functioning during the first impulses, 2 devices are synchronized during the following 10 impulses, 3 devices are synchronized during the 10 following impulses, only 2 devices are synchronized during the following 10 impulses and finally a single device is in operation during the 10 other following impulses.
  • a unitary shock is obtained, which is propagated into the ground and of which it will be essentially the envelope which will be collected, since the ground behaves as a filter with respect to the unitary impulses and that only the envelope of the emitted curve is perceived. It is possible successively to repeat such shocks, the duration of which can vary as a function of the opening and closing time of the AND gate 27a.
  • FIGURE 6 represents a series of impulses emitted by the arrangement of FIGURE 2, in which the speed of rotation of the motor 26 varies.
  • the rotation of the motor does in fact simultaneously control the charging and discharging frequencies of the condenser 19, as will be seen from the data of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 7 represents the emission diagram of a particularly advantageous train of impulses for the optical correlation.
  • a first shock is composed of 4 unitary impulses
  • a second shock is composed of 6 unitary impulses, a certain period of silence being observed between these two shocks, then a third shock is emitted, a certain time after the second.
  • 9 impulses are emitted and, during the fourth shock, 24 impulses are emitted, followed by a fifth shock, 24 impulses are emitted, followed by a fifth shock of the same duration as the third and then a sixth of the same duration as the second and a seventh of the same duration as the first.
  • the duration of the shocks and of the silence times is distributed in such a way that the optical density recording on a film of the shock train according to- FIGURE 7 corresponds to a strip cut into a series of Newtons rings, the number of impulses mentioned here being given simply by way of indication.
  • the different sparks produce pressure waves which are repetitive in time; thus, a series of pressure waves called a shock is obtained.
  • the mean duration of the pressure wave and the duration of the silences separating the shocks can be very different and their distribution is only regulated by the graphs recorded on the magnetic tape passing the reading head 1.
  • a shock can be emitted for a certain time T.
  • This shock of duration T is regulated by a sequence of graphs recorded on the magnetic tape 2. It is possible to reproduce a new shock at the end of a certain time, after a given silence time. The number of impulses of this new shock is chosen in advance and the total duration of the shock is also predetermined; its duration T is absolutely independent of the duration T of the first. It is thus possible to produce series of shocks at moments which are chosen in advance. At a certain distance from the emission point, the continuous medium having a certain pass band, a certain elasticity modulus and a certain characteristic period, the impulses are not perceived with the same intensity.
  • the arrangement can thus be formed as an emitter of low-frequency waves of a duration which is variable and regulatable at will.
  • the emission times and the silence times between each shock can be chosen in ratios which are as large as desired.
  • this arrangement behaves like an emission means of very low frequency, for which there is in practice no limitation towards the low frequencies.
  • the arrangement act as an emitter of medium frequencies, capable of producing pressure waves of a frequency which can exceed 1000 cycles per second.
  • the pressure wave is emitted with a very good efficiency.
  • the magnetic tape carrying the graphs makes it possible for the signals emitted by the different chains to be brought into coincidence or out of phase with one another.
  • the magnetic tape carrying the graphs makes it possible for the signals emitted by the different chains to be brought into coincidence or out of phase with one another.
  • by causing several emission chains to overlap it is possible to obtain an emission which will seem to be absolutely continuous to an observer positioned at a small distance from the emission arrangement, if the elementary silence times of the first chain are filled by emission times of the other chains.
  • the arrangement according to FIGURE 2 has the same advantages and a greater flexibility in operation.
  • the invention is also concerned with the application of the arrangement according to the invention to seismic prospecting, both on ground and at sea.
  • the application is simple.
  • the electrodes are in fact placed at a certain depth and the emission is effected by creation of plasma, which causes elementary pressure waves.
  • the pressure wave trains become signals of a defined duration on reaching the bottom and are transmitted into the earth with their associated frequency in particularly.
  • the power brought into use is high, each elementary spark producing for example electric joules, and if an emitter with 10 coupled chains is used, it is possible to emit 5O kilojoules of electric power for an emission of one second.
  • the signal having a steep front because of the square nature of the waves which are emitted, can easily be correlated with the signal received by a detector, called a seismograph, after the signal has been reflected by a reflector horizon, usually called a mirror horizon.
  • the function of intercorrelation of the received signal and the emitted signal can be obtained by any means, particularly with the aid of an ordinator, to which is supplied the record of the signal emitted by the generator, it being possible for the signal to be filtered in order to give the image of the transmitted signal, and the record of the signal received by a detector placed in the sea and transforming the vibrations received into an electric signal.
  • the intercorrelation function compresses the signals which are received and makes it possible to determine the time of travel of the different waves. This mathematical operation amounts to the investigation of the phase displacement between the two functions representing the signals emitted and received at different moments, for which there is the maximum coherence. The moment of emission is determined by the function of the autocorrelation of the emitted signal. It is possible, by comparing the two functions, to determine the travel time of the mechanical waves in the earth.
  • the mechanical waves can be emitted in several ways. It is possible to emit a train of waves of fixed associated frequency for a certain time, and then after a certain time, to emit a train of waves of different frequency, operating in such a way that the wave trains are in phase at a given moment, preferably on commencing the emission. This is achieved by means of the programmed tape. The signals received are then added. A reflected signal is thus reinforced, because all the signals emitted with the same phase are in coincidence and the background noise, being of uncertain nature, is at least partially eliminated. A definition of the reflector horizon is thus obtained, this definition becoming sharper as the proportion of emitted medium frequencies is larger. This method is of greater interest when observing mirror horizons which are increasingly closer. It is also possible to emit wave trains of which the programme fixes the distribution of frequencies, this necessitating the use of correlation functions.
  • shocks of variable amplitude are replaced by shocks of constant amplitude separated by silence times, the law of distribution of the means of each of the shocks corresponding to the law of distribution of the maxima of intensity in the Newtons ring law and the means of the silences corresponding to the minimaof intensity of the Newton ring law.
  • the emission arrangement that is to say, essentially the insulator containing the electrodes, correctly connected to the condensers and to the discharge system, is immersed in a cavity filled with a fluid such as water.
  • the signals are thus emitted in the water and transmitted to the earth.
  • FIGURE 8 represents diagrammatically the use of the arrangement according to the invention for marine seismic prospecting.
  • the current source and the generator of electric signals are mounted on the ship 31, the said assembly being represented at 32.
  • a cable 33 connects the electric signal generator to the electrodes placed inside an insulating cylinder 34, the ends of the electrodes extending a few millimeters beyond the rear face of the insulating cylinder.
  • FIGURE 8 the data treatment arrangement is shown carried by a second ship 43, but this arrangement can equally well be carried by the first ship 31. There is also shown a ray 46 which is not detected by the seismographs.
  • the wave trains are transmitted into the medium 44 with relative reinforcement of the proportion of waves of which the associated frequency is low, and are propagated as such into the earth. These waves are reflected on the mirror horizon 38 and detected by the seismographs 39, 40 and 41.
  • the function of intercorrelating the signal emitted at 34 and each of the signals received at 39, 40 and 41 make it possible for the various mechanical waves emitted at successive moments in 34 to be compressed so as to obtain a representation close to that which the representation would be for the reception of a single impulse signal at 39, 40 and 41.
  • the use of these intercorrelation functions and of the autocorrelation function makes it possible to define the time of travel of the mechanical waves in the earth. On the other hand, since the speed of these waves is known, the depth of the mirror horizon 38 is thereby established.
  • FIGURE 9 represents the emission of a signal using the arrangement according to the invention on earth.
  • the signal generator 50 transmits signals to the emission head 52 by way of cables 51, said head being arranged in a cavity, which can be of any desired dimensions, the said cavity being filled with water.
  • the lower part of this cavity is preferably situated below the altered surface zone which is commonly called the weathering zone.
  • the arrangement 50 is set in operation, this permitting the emission of signals at 52; these signals, inside the earth, are transmitted as a group with a low associated frequency.
  • the lines 55 and 56 represent the path of the rays which are reflected on a horizon 53, these rays being reflected along 57 and S8 and detected by the seismographs 63 and 64 placed on the earths surface, or in cavities at a certain depth.
  • a data treatment arrangement 65 permits the electric signals emitted by 63 and 64 to be analyzed.
  • rays 59 and 60 are reflected on a second mirror horizon 54 and are reflected along 61 and 62 and are detected by the same seismographs 63 and 64 connected to the data treatment unit 63.
  • the time separating the arrival of the two signals emitted in coincidence makes it possible to determine the distance separating the two reflective horizons 53 and 54; this time becomes the better defined, as the intercorrelation function between the received signal and the emitted signal becomes sharper, that is to say, as the frequency range of the received signals becomes wider.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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US693956A 1966-12-28 1967-12-27 Method of exploration by transmission of mechanical waves,installation for carrying out the method and the applications thereof Expired - Lifetime US3483514A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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US3697938A (en) * 1969-11-07 1972-10-10 Seismic Computing Corp Seismic prospecting with random injected signal
US3866174A (en) * 1972-05-19 1975-02-11 Aquitaine Petrole Method of exploring a medium and its applications in seismic exploration
US4168484A (en) * 1972-10-16 1979-09-18 Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. Method of and apparatus for radiant energy measurement of impedance transitions in media, for identification and related purposes
US4799482A (en) * 1985-10-18 1989-01-24 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Stone disintegrator apparatus
US9164187B2 (en) 2012-04-30 2015-10-20 Conocophillips Company Electrical energy accumulator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786408A (en) * 1972-01-03 1974-01-15 Texaco Inc Method and apparatus for offshore geophysical exploration with low power seismic source
US4147228A (en) * 1976-10-07 1979-04-03 Hydroacoustics Inc. Methods and apparatus for the generation and transmission of seismic signals
JPS58187916A (ja) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-02 West Electric Co Ltd 超音波測距装置

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US3259878A (en) * 1960-12-02 1966-07-05 Exxon Production Research Co Method of controlling the seismic signal in exploration
US3300754A (en) * 1963-11-20 1967-01-24 Continental Oil Co Method for producing impedance logs using seismographic techniques
US3304533A (en) * 1964-12-04 1967-02-14 Rayflex Exploration Company Marine seismic surveying
US3332511A (en) * 1964-06-18 1967-07-25 Pan American Petroleum Corp Obtaining seismic travel time by crosscorrelating the received signal with various portions of the transmitted signal

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US3201706A (en) * 1960-05-09 1965-08-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Tuning system
US3259878A (en) * 1960-12-02 1966-07-05 Exxon Production Research Co Method of controlling the seismic signal in exploration
US3300754A (en) * 1963-11-20 1967-01-24 Continental Oil Co Method for producing impedance logs using seismographic techniques
US3332511A (en) * 1964-06-18 1967-07-25 Pan American Petroleum Corp Obtaining seismic travel time by crosscorrelating the received signal with various portions of the transmitted signal
US3304533A (en) * 1964-12-04 1967-02-14 Rayflex Exploration Company Marine seismic surveying

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697938A (en) * 1969-11-07 1972-10-10 Seismic Computing Corp Seismic prospecting with random injected signal
US3866174A (en) * 1972-05-19 1975-02-11 Aquitaine Petrole Method of exploring a medium and its applications in seismic exploration
US4168484A (en) * 1972-10-16 1979-09-18 Bolt Beranek And Newman Inc. Method of and apparatus for radiant energy measurement of impedance transitions in media, for identification and related purposes
US4799482A (en) * 1985-10-18 1989-01-24 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Stone disintegrator apparatus
US9164187B2 (en) 2012-04-30 2015-10-20 Conocophillips Company Electrical energy accumulator

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JPS5012361B1 (pt) 1975-05-12
OA02614A (fr) 1970-05-05
GB1216488A (en) 1970-12-23
US3517380A (en) 1970-06-23
DE1623565A1 (de) 1971-06-16
FR1560237A (pt) 1969-03-21
DE1623565B2 (de) 1971-12-02

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