US3481558A - Process for making a bulky,multifilament,substantially twistless synthetic yarn and product thereof - Google Patents

Process for making a bulky,multifilament,substantially twistless synthetic yarn and product thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3481558A
US3481558A US422236A US3481558DA US3481558A US 3481558 A US3481558 A US 3481558A US 422236 A US422236 A US 422236A US 3481558D A US3481558D A US 3481558DA US 3481558 A US3481558 A US 3481558A
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Prior art keywords
filaments
yarn
jet
fluid
multifilament
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Expired - Lifetime
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US422236A
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English (en)
Inventor
Barrie Linton Davies
Alan Selwood
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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British Nylon Spinners Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/168—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam including drawing or stretching on the same machine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/156—Coating two or more articles simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces

Definitions

  • a bulked twist-free coherent yarn consisting of polyamide filaments having a set crimp and being intermingled is obtained by subjecting the as-spun filaments, whilst still plastic to the action of a high velocity fluid jet to attenuate and molecularly orient the filaments as well as imparting a random irregular crimp thereto and causing the filaments to intermingle.
  • a proportion of the filaments may be of the conjugate filaments composed of at least two dissimilar components.
  • This invention relates to synthetic filament yarns, particularly to yarns produced from high molecular weight synthetic polymers, and to processes for their preparation.
  • Bulky continuous multifilament yarns of high molecular weight synthetic polymers such as polyamides, characterised in that the individual filaments have coils, loops or whorls at random intervals along their length, are well known to the art. In such yarns the coils and loops are held in place by the twist usually imparted to the yarn.
  • a convenient process for producing this yarn involves subjecting a drawn multifilament yarn to the action of a turbulent compressible fluid.
  • the present invention provides a bulky multifilament yarn comprising oriented polyamide filaments having a random irregular crimp along their length, which crimp persists in the individual filaments when they are pulled out from the yarn, the filaments in the yarn being intermingled to provide a twist free coherent structure.
  • intermingled is meant that substantially all of the individual filaments in the yarn are axially displaced relatively to each other so that the paths of two or more filaments cross and recross each other at random intervals along the length of the yarn.
  • the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a bulky coherent yarn wherein molten polymers consisting of at least a major proportion of a polyamide are extruded into filaments which, whilst they are in a substantially amorphous plastic state, are subjected to the action of a fluid jet at a high velocity to provide drawing tension in the filaments above the point of application of the said fluid jet to attenuate, and molecularly orient them and at an angle to the filament path to impart random irregular crimp thereto and cause the filaments to intermingle to form a coherent yarn ice structure, the said yarn being forwarded to a yarn winding device and formed into a package and at least the polyamide filaments therein caused to crystallise.
  • Crystallisation of the' filaments in the yarn may be induced before the yarn reaches the wind up device, e.g. by treatment with steam before the winding device, or the filaments may be allowed to crystallise after being formed into a package either under ambient conditions or the rate of crystallisation may be accelerated by subjecting the package to a steam or heat treatment for example.
  • the polyamide filaments are in the substantially amorphous plastic condition referred to above they lack, although oriented, elastic recovery and hence retain the shape into which they are formed. On subsequent crystallisation this shape is permanently set into the filaments.
  • the filaments are crimped and formed into an intermingled coherent structure by the action of the fluid jet whilst in this plastic state, subsequent crystallisation of the filaments then sets the filaments in this form.
  • the filaments are normally caused to crystallise immediately after extrusion, and before being substantially oriented, by passing them through what is known as a steam conditioner tube. If such a device is used in the present process in an analgous manner, e.g. by placing the tube above the fluid jet, then a nonc-oherent yarn of uncrimped filaments is obtained.
  • the yarn should consist solely of polyamide filaments, the presence of a minor proportion of other filaments of polymers such as polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate is permissible.
  • a particularly useful yarn is obtained when at least a proportion of the filaments are heterofilaments which are crimpable of subjection to some form of heat relaxing treatment.
  • the resultant yarn has a high bulk and contains filaments having a uniform helical crimp superimposed on the random irregular crimp formed in the same filaments by the process of this invention.
  • heterofilament is meant a filament consisting of two or more different components existing contiguously in either a side-by-side of sheath-core relationship along the length of the filament, such that a cross-section of the filament taken at any point along its length would reveal the components of the filament in one of the aforesaid relationships.
  • the crimp in the heterofilaments may be developed by relaxing before the yarn is formed into a package, e.g. by
  • the heterofilaments should consist wholly of polyamide components, e.g. 6 and 6.6 nylons, 6.6. nylon and an /206.6./ 6 nylon copolymer or 6.6. and 11 nylon, but a compatible non-polyamide component, such as a polyester e.g. polyethylene terephthalate, may be employed as a minor component.
  • polyamide components e.g. 6 and 6.6 nylons, 6.6. nylon and an /206.6./ 6 nylon copolymer or 6.6. and 11 nylon
  • a compatible non-polyamide component such as a polyester e.g. polyethylene terephthalate
  • the said fluid jet is directed such that it has a component of motion in the direction of movement of the filaments, and is arranged to act on the filaments from all sides.
  • the fluid jet is introduced to the filaments in the form of an inverted cone i.e. an annular stream down the centre of which pass the filaments.
  • this action may be achieved using an aspirating jet one form of which will be described hereinafter.
  • the velocity of the fluid jet required to attenuate and orient the filaments to the desired amount which velocity is a function of the air consumption (i.e. air pressure) and aspirating jet design, will vary depending upon the polymer being spun and the process conditions including the emergent viscosity of the polymer, i.e., the melt viscosity, at the time of extrusion, the spun denier, the filament/fluid contact distance which provides the drag on the filaments, and the angle of incidence between the fluid jet and the filaments.
  • the velocity of the fluid jet must be sufficiently high to provide a resultant tension in the filaments, above the point of action of the jet on the fila ments, which will attenuate and orient the said filaments to the required extent.
  • the resultant tension is the algebraic sum of the tension applied to the filaments by the fluid jet acting to attenuate the filaments, and the tension caused by the melt viscosity of the polymer, surface tension effects and air drag above the point of action of the fluid jet, which act to resist attenuation of the filaments.
  • FIGURE I is a schematic representation of an apparatus assembly useful for forming the yarns of this invention.
  • FIGURE II is a cross-section of an aspirating jet suitable for use with the assembly of FIGURE I.
  • the aspirating jet comprises a hollow body portion which is externally threaded at either end and has an air inlet pipe 11 attached thereto.
  • a cover 12 4 and is denoted by FIGURE II.
  • the annular air injector passageway is arranged to direct the air downwards, i.e. in the direction of filament flow.
  • the aspirating jet may conveniently be placed at some point above the solidification point of the freshly spun filaments.
  • the semi-solid filaments are converged together at the throat of the aspirating jet through which they are passed.
  • the filaments are contacted by a jet of high velocity fluid which quenches the filaments, causing them to crimp in an irregular random manner.
  • the turbulence resulting from the fluid vortices formed within the jet then cause the filaments to intermingle, and form a coherent yarn.
  • the high velocity fluid issuing with it forwards the yarn at substantially greater speed than the extrusion speed i.e.
  • a centrifugal device such as a modified Topham box, or a device such as that described in British Patent 930,546, may be used to wind up the yarn into a package.
  • Acceleration of crystallisation of the yarn in the package may conveniently be achieved by dropping water into the aspirating gun, the effect of the high velocity fluid atomises the water so distributing uniformly throughout the yarn and allowing more rapid and uniform crystallisation of the yarn in the package than would take place if the yarn in the package were merely allowed to crystallise under ambient conditions.
  • Air is the preferred fluid for the production of yarns of this invention although other gaseous fluids, may be employed.
  • the temperature of the air may beneficially be raised above ambient temperature, care being taken however, to ensure that its temperature is low enough to have a quenching action on the yarn at its point of contact with the yarn.
  • Increasing the temperature of the air will, of course, accelerate the crystallisation of the yarn, and if the yarn consists of or contains heterofilaments having a potential crimp, at least part of this crimp may also be developed.
  • EXAMPLES 1 AND 2 In these examples the polymer used was polyhexamethylene adipamide having a relative viscosity of 32.6 and a melt viscosity of 475 poises at 290 C. (the spinning temperature). The polymer was spun through a 34 hole spinneret and the filaments converged into a bundle at the throat of an aspirating jet of type described with reference to FIGURE II and located at a fixed distance below the spinneret and having the following dimensions.
  • Inlet bore internal diameter Vs
  • length 2 Exhaust bore: internal diameter length 6"
  • Injector half angle 10 Air at ambient temperature was used as the fluid. The velocity of the air, measured in terms of air consump tion, was fixed at the required level by adjusting the size of the air injector passage, i.e. the distance apart of the inlet and exhaust bores. The coherent yarns of intermingled filaments which was obtained was collected in the amorphorus state by a device located 4 it. below the aspirating jet and allowed to crystallise under ambient conditions. The crystalline yarn had a similar appearance to that shown. Other experimental details and yarn properties are given in Table I below.
  • a process for the manufacture of a bulky, multifilament, substantially twistless yarn comprising extruding molten polymers consisting of at least a major proportion of a polyamide into filaments, impinging fluid from a high velocity fluid jet upon said filaments, whilst they are in a substantially amorphous, plastic condition, to provide sufiicient tension in the filaments above the point of application of said fluid jet to attenuate and molecularly orient them, said fluid being impinged upon said filaments at an angle to the filament path to impart a random irregular crimp thereto and to cause said filaments to intermingle to form a coherent yarn structure, forwarding said yarn to a yarn winding device and forming it into a package, and causing at least the polyamide containing filaments to crystallise.
  • molten polymers consist of at least two polyamides selected from the group consisting of, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyepsiloncaprolactam, polyaminoundecanoic acid and an /20 polyhexamethylene adipamide/polyepsiloncaprolactam copolymer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US422236A 1964-01-10 1964-12-30 Process for making a bulky,multifilament,substantially twistless synthetic yarn and product thereof Expired - Lifetime US3481558A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1228/64A GB1088851A (en) 1964-01-10 1964-01-10 Improvements in or relating to synthetic filament yarns

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US3481558A true US3481558A (en) 1969-12-02

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US (1) US3481558A (sv)
BE (1) BE658137A (sv)
CH (1) CH433580A (sv)
FR (1) FR1420192A (sv)
GB (1) GB1088851A (sv)
LU (1) LU47757A1 (sv)
NL (1) NL144344C (sv)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2508221A1 (de) * 1975-02-26 1976-09-09 Neumuenster Masch App Vorrichtung zum pneumatischen einfangen und fuehren von faeden
US3994121A (en) * 1974-04-03 1976-11-30 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn
US4085182A (en) * 1974-10-09 1978-04-18 Teijin Limited Process for producing electrically conductive synthetic fibers
US4120078A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-10-17 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Simultaneous texturizing and entangling of filament bundles
US4202855A (en) * 1976-04-23 1980-05-13 Karl Fischer, Apparate-und Rohrleitungsbau Method of producing continuous multifilament yarns
US4600644A (en) * 1982-06-10 1986-07-15 Monsanto Company Polyester yarn, self-texturing in fabric form
EP1939336A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2008-07-02 Toray Industries, Inc. Crimped yarn, method for manufacture thereof, and fiber structure
CN106555257A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2017-04-05 武汉纺织大学 一种利用熔喷超细纤维进行喷气纺纱的装置和方法
CN106835417A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2017-06-13 武汉纺织大学 一种利用熔喷超细纤维制备包芯纱的装置及方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3720576A (en) * 1966-03-11 1973-03-13 Asahi Chemical Ind Crimped composite fibers and process for preparation thereof
DE2006022C3 (de) * 1970-02-11 1981-10-15 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung texturierter Fäden

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083523A (en) * 1958-08-01 1963-04-02 Du Pont Twistless, heat relaxed interlaced yarn

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083523A (en) * 1958-08-01 1963-04-02 Du Pont Twistless, heat relaxed interlaced yarn

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3994121A (en) * 1974-04-03 1976-11-30 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn
US4085182A (en) * 1974-10-09 1978-04-18 Teijin Limited Process for producing electrically conductive synthetic fibers
DE2508221A1 (de) * 1975-02-26 1976-09-09 Neumuenster Masch App Vorrichtung zum pneumatischen einfangen und fuehren von faeden
US4120078A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-10-17 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Simultaneous texturizing and entangling of filament bundles
US4202855A (en) * 1976-04-23 1980-05-13 Karl Fischer, Apparate-und Rohrleitungsbau Method of producing continuous multifilament yarns
US4600644A (en) * 1982-06-10 1986-07-15 Monsanto Company Polyester yarn, self-texturing in fabric form
EP1939336A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2008-07-02 Toray Industries, Inc. Crimped yarn, method for manufacture thereof, and fiber structure
EP1939336A4 (en) * 2005-10-19 2009-12-02 Toray Industries CROP SHEET, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND FIBER SCULPTURE
CN106555257A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2017-04-05 武汉纺织大学 一种利用熔喷超细纤维进行喷气纺纱的装置和方法
CN106835417A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2017-06-13 武汉纺织大学 一种利用熔喷超细纤维制备包芯纱的装置及方法
CN106835417B (zh) * 2016-12-02 2019-05-10 武汉纺织大学 一种利用熔喷超细纤维制备包芯纱的装置及方法
CN106555257B (zh) * 2016-12-02 2019-05-10 武汉纺织大学 一种利用熔喷超细纤维进行喷气纺纱的装置和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6500240A (sv) 1965-07-12
FR1420192A (fr) 1965-12-03
LU47757A1 (sv) 1965-03-09
GB1088851A (en) 1967-10-25
CH433580A (de) 1967-04-15
BE658137A (sv) 1965-07-12
NL144344C (nl) 1974-12-16

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