US3481143A - Chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tools - Google Patents

Chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tools Download PDF

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Publication number
US3481143A
US3481143A US675140A US3481143DA US3481143A US 3481143 A US3481143 A US 3481143A US 675140 A US675140 A US 675140A US 3481143D A US3481143D A US 3481143DA US 3481143 A US3481143 A US 3481143A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
cartridge
piston
ejector pin
powder actuated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US675140A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yung Shing Hsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omark Industries Inc
Thomas and Betts Holdings Inc
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Omark Industries Inc
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Publication of US3481143A publication Critical patent/US3481143A/en
Assigned to ITT CORPORATION reassignment ITT CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION
Assigned to FL INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF N.J. reassignment FL INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF N.J. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ITT CORPORATION, 320 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022, A CORP. OF DE.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
    • B25C1/10—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge
    • B25C1/14—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge acting on an intermediate plunger or anvil

Definitions

  • a powder actuated tool has a breech portion 12 which is separable from a barrel portion 14 to permit removal of a sleeve 16 having an enlarged head 18 having a cartridge chamber 20.
  • the sleeve 16 carries a captive piston 22 provided with an ejector pin 24 having a tapered end portion 26 adapted to engage a crimped end 28 of a cartridge case 30 to precisely position the captive piston for firing.
  • a shoulder 32 of a cylindrical portion 34 of the ejector pin is adapted to engage the end of the case 30 after the cartridge has been fired and to positively push the case 30 out of the chamber.
  • the rounded portion 26 provides, with forward portion 36 of the chamber, a streamlined flow for gases of explosion.
  • This invention relates to chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tools, and more particularly to powder actuated tools having erosion preventing ejector pins.
  • Some powder actuated tools of the captive piston type have had ejector pins which fit into an end of a cartridge chamber and engage the crimped ends of the cartridge cases to properly position the captive pistons for firing.
  • the gases of explosion first impinge on the end of the ejector pin and move the captive piston until the ejector pin is moved out of the chamber and then the gases expand into a larger boreat the end of the cartridge chamber and drive the captive piston on in its fastener driving stroke.
  • the hot gases of explosion are driving the ejector pin out of the chamber, they are deflected laterally by the end of the pin, which is fiat, against the walls of the chamber and erode the lower portion of the Walls. This erosion enlarges the lower end of the chamber and undercuts the chamber so that the cartridge case expands into the undercut portion of the chamber, sometimes beyond the ejector pin, and makes ejection of the cartridge case very difiicult.
  • An object of the invention is to provide chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tools.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide powder actuated tools having erosion preventing ejector pins.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an ejector pin having a tapered end portion for engaging the end of a cartridge case to position a captive piston carrying the ejector pin and to guide gases of explosion along the chamber.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a powder actuated tool having a captive piston carrying a smaller ejector pin having a tapered end portion with a rounded end.
  • the invention provides powder actuated tools having ejector pins provided with tapered end portions adapted to engage ends of cartridge cases to locate captive pistons precisely for firing and to guide gases of explosion along the cartridge chambers with minimal lateral deflection to eliminate erosion.
  • the pins preferably are provided with shoulders extending laterally beyond the tapered end portions and adapted to engage expanded end portions of the a fastener pin (not shown).
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view in partial section of a chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tool forming one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged, partially sectional, perspective views of the tool of FIG. 1 showing an ejector pin thereof in a position ready for firing in FIG. 3 and in a position just after firing in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional, perspective view of a powder actuated tool forming an alternate embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged, partially sectional, perspective view of a powder actuated tool of the prior art with an ejector pin in a position ready for firing;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged, partially sectional perspective view of the powder actuated tool of FIG. 6 just after a cartridge therein has been fired.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 there is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 a powder actuated tool 10 forming one embodiment of the invention and including a breech portion 12, which is movable between a closed position relative to a barrel portion 14 and an open position relative to the barrel portion 14.
  • a breech portion 12 When the breech portion is in its closed position, it retains a sleeve 16 having an enlarged head 18 in a bore 19 in a barrel 21, the head 18 fitting into a counterbore 23 in the barrel.
  • the barrel is carried in a barrel housing 25.
  • the head 18 has a cartridge chamber 20 therein, and the sleeve 16 carries a captive piston 22 provided with an ejector pin 24 having a tapered end portion 26 adapted to engage a tapered, crimped end 28 of a rimmed cartridge case 30 to precisely position the captive piston for firing.
  • the ejector pin has an annular shoulder or laterally projecting portion 32 of a larger cylindrical body portion 34 of the ejector pin, and the shoulder engages the end of the crimped portion 28 after it has been expanded by the firing, and after opening the breech and barrel portions and removing the sleeve and the captive piston from the barrel, the captive piston is pushed rearwardly in the sleeve to push and eject the cartridge case out of the cylinder. Insertion of a new cartridge into the chamber then moves the captive piston to its firing position, and friction of a ring 38 holds the piston in this position.
  • the sleeve 16 and the captive piston 22 form a power plug or piston assembly, and the piston ring 38 in a groove 40 of a head 42 of the piston frictionally engages the wall of an enlarged bore 44 of the sleeve 16 to seal the piston in the bore and to hold the piston with a predetermined force against movement 'along the sleeve.
  • the piston also has a ram or plunger portion 46 joined to the head by a tapered portion 48 and adapted to move freely through a tapered stop 50 and a reduced bore 52 to drive
  • the tapered end portion 26 of the ejector pin 24 is frustoconical except for a rounded end or dome 60 thereof.
  • the end 60 serves to engage the inner portions of the deeply crimped convolutions of the cartridge case 30 when the cartridge case is in its normal or unfired condition, a Wad (not shown) of the cartridge being spaced rearwardly from the forward end of the cartridge case to provide clearance.
  • This engagement positions the shoulder 32 somewhat forwardly of the adjacent end of forward portion 36 of the chamber 20.
  • the portion of the chamber 20 along the crimped forward portion 28 of the cartridge case tapers inwardly proceeding forwardly to the forward portion 36, which is substantially cylindrical.
  • the shoulder 32 When the piston 22 is in its normal position, the shoulder 32 is positioned somewhat forwardly of the forward end of the chamber and this and the fact that the portion 34 of the pin is slightly smaller in diameter than the diameter of the portion 36 of the chamber 20 provide an escape passage 70 from the chamber to the enlarged portion 44 of the bore.
  • the dome 60 and the tapered portion 26 direct the gases from the cartridge case primarily longitudinally of the chamber and the gases escape freely through the passage 70 so that erosion of the chamber does not occur. Also, this free initial escape of the gases causes the cartridge case to be opened only partially to leave deep convolutions in the crimped portion 38 of the cartridge case 30.
  • Exhaust ports 72 are provided in the sleeve 16 to remove the drive of the piston after the head 42 has moved to the exhaust ports.
  • the ejector pin and the captive piston are separate elements with the portion 34 of the ejector pin being drive fitted into a bore 76 (-FIG. 3) in the piston 42.
  • a powder actuated tool 110 (FIG. 5) forming an alternate embodiment of the invention is like the tool (FIGS. l-4) except for a captive piston 122 thereof which differs from the captive piston 22 in that an ejector pin 124 is integral with a piston portion 142, the captive piston 122 being forged.
  • the piston 122 has a fillet 125 and a somewhat rounded head end 127.
  • the ejector pin 124 has a cylindrical portion 134 having a planar annular shoulder 132 and a tapered or generally conical end portion 126 having a rounded or domed end 160 and identical with the end portion 26 and its domed end 60.
  • the sleeve 116 has an enlarged bore 144 closely and slidably receiving the piston portion 142 which has a ring 138 which seals and grips the wall of the bore 144.
  • the ejector pin 124 engages crimped end 138 of the unfired cartridge case 130 to precisely position the piston r 122 for firing, and the adjacent ends of the cylindrical portion 134 and the forward portion 136 of the chamber define an escape passage 170 for the gases of explosion which prevents build-up of excessive pressure of the gases in the chamber and allows the gases to flow from the cartridge chamber with large components longitudinally of the chamber rather than transversely against the walls of the portion 136 of the forward portion 136 of the chamber. This substantially completely eliminates erosion of the walls of the chamber 136.
  • FIGS. 6 AND 7 A sleeve 216 shown in FIG. 6 in a new or unused condition and in FIG. 7 after a number of firings which should be only a small fraction of the number of firings possible therewith but in which a forward portion 236 of its chamber 220 has been eroded excessively because of its use with a prior art ejector pin 224 of a captive piston 222.
  • the ejector pin 224 has a flat end 232 and fits closely in the forward portion 236 of the chamber and initially engages crimped end 238 of a cartridge case 230 like the cases and 130 to properly position the captive piston 222 in the sleeve 216. When the cartridge is fired, the crimped end 238 opens,
  • the ejector pin has a flat or relieved portion 233 providing some escape, this does not adequately relieve the excessive pressures of the hot gases, such relief occurring only after the piston has been moved forwardly sufficiently to move the pin 233 substantially beyond the forward end of the chamber.
  • the erosion creates an undercut shape of the chamber and the high explosion pressures tend to expand the crimped end under overhanging edge 239 to make ejection of the cartridge case very difficult. This is contrasted with the tools 10 and in which the gases are directed longitudinally of and out of the chambers so that the pressures are not excessive and erosion does not occur.
  • an ejector pin having a tapered breech end portion and secured at its other end to one end of the piston, and piston guiding means having a bore and a cartridge chamber at one end of the bore,
  • the ejector pin in a firing position being positioned by the piston adjacent to a cartridge in the chamber and in alignment with the cartridge chamber and spaced from the cartridge chamber for guiding along the forward end portion of the chamber gases of explosion from the cartridge in the chamber and means on the ejector pin and adapted to push the case of the cartridge rearwardly in the chamber after firing.
  • the portion of the ejector pin extending forwardly from the annular end surface being adapted to fit closely and slidably in the forward end portion of the chamber.
  • a cylindrical sleeve adapted to be inserted into and removed from the breech end of the barrel and having a rimmed cartridge chamber longer than a cartridge case insertable thereinto and having a forward end portion of a predetermined diameter extending forwardly from the forward end of the cartridge case when the cartridge case is fully inserted into the chamber,
  • a captive piston having a piston portion fitting closely and slidably in the bore
  • the ejector pin also having a breech end tip portion at the end of the body portion
  • the breech end portion of the ejector pin being smaller at the tip thereof than at the end thereof adjacent the body portion.
  • tip portion is of a size such as will extend only partially into a crimped end portion of the cartridge case when the case is in unfired condition and will extend fully into the case when the case has been fired.
  • barrel means having a chamber portion
  • a cylindrical member fitting closely in the barrel means and having a conical rear end portion tapering from a predetermined diameter at its forward end to a second diameter no greater than a small fraction of said predetermined diameter at its rear end and adapted to spread gases of combustion as the cylindrical member is driven along the barrel means, the conical portion having a transverse cross sectional area such that it is spaced laterally from the chamber portion when a rear most firing position adjacent the charge means, and the rear most position of the conical portion is less than one-half of the diameter of the corresponding chamber portion when the member is in a rear most firing position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US675140A 1967-10-13 1967-10-13 Chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tools Expired - Lifetime US3481143A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US67514067A 1967-10-13 1967-10-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3481143A true US3481143A (en) 1969-12-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US675140A Expired - Lifetime US3481143A (en) 1967-10-13 1967-10-13 Chamber erosion preventing powder actuated tools

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3481143A (de)
DE (1) DE1803000A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1217198A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3548590A (en) * 1969-03-07 1970-12-22 Star Expansion Ind Corp Power actuated tool
US3918621A (en) * 1973-07-03 1975-11-11 Hilti Ag Explosive charge-driven anchoring element setting gun
US5329839A (en) * 1992-07-13 1994-07-19 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Explosive powder charge operated setting tool
US5386758A (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-02-07 Conley; Kenneth A. Apparatus and method for disarming pipe bombs
US5425488A (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-06-20 Thompson William J Impact actuated tool for driving fasteners
US5657919A (en) * 1991-09-03 1997-08-19 Masterset Inc. Modular fastener driving tool with noise reducing structure

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064262A (en) * 1955-01-12 1962-11-20 Olin Mathieson Fastener arresting device for a power actuated tool
US3119289A (en) * 1960-07-01 1964-01-28 Nat Electric Welding Machines Method for planishing a pair of seam-joined metal sheets
US3204400A (en) * 1963-11-26 1965-09-07 United Shoe Machinery Corp Explosively-actuated stud-driving tool

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064262A (en) * 1955-01-12 1962-11-20 Olin Mathieson Fastener arresting device for a power actuated tool
US3119289A (en) * 1960-07-01 1964-01-28 Nat Electric Welding Machines Method for planishing a pair of seam-joined metal sheets
US3204400A (en) * 1963-11-26 1965-09-07 United Shoe Machinery Corp Explosively-actuated stud-driving tool

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3548590A (en) * 1969-03-07 1970-12-22 Star Expansion Ind Corp Power actuated tool
US3918621A (en) * 1973-07-03 1975-11-11 Hilti Ag Explosive charge-driven anchoring element setting gun
US5657919A (en) * 1991-09-03 1997-08-19 Masterset Inc. Modular fastener driving tool with noise reducing structure
US5329839A (en) * 1992-07-13 1994-07-19 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Explosive powder charge operated setting tool
US5386758A (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-02-07 Conley; Kenneth A. Apparatus and method for disarming pipe bombs
US5425488A (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-06-20 Thompson William J Impact actuated tool for driving fasteners
US5429291A (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-07-04 Thompson William J Compression actuated tool for driving fasteners
US5465893A (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-11-14 Thompson William J Impact actuated tool for driving fasteners with safety mechanism
US5518161A (en) * 1993-11-05 1996-05-21 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Impact actuated tool with configurable muzzle for driving varying length fasteners

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1217198A (en) 1970-12-31
DE1803000A1 (de) 1969-09-04

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ITT CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004389/0606

Effective date: 19831122

AS Assignment

Owner name: FL INDUSTRIES, INC., 220 SUTH ORANGE AVENUE, LIVIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ITT CORPORATION, 320 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022, ACORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004453/0578

Effective date: 19850629