US3479922A - Template controlled router with controlled hydraulic drive means - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 25, 1969 R. A. SHUEY 3,479,922

TEMPLETE CONTROLLED ROUTER WITH CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEANS Filed July 10, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Robet'i' A. Shuey W BY MXMW ATTOR NE? S Nov. 25, 1969 R. A. SHUEY 3,479,922

TEMPLETE CONTROLLED ROUTER WITH CONTRQLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEANS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 10, 1967 w m w W m llli K Pair ZNVENTOR Roben A. Shuey Nov. 25, 1969 R A. SHUEY 3,479,922

TEMPLETE CONTROLLED ROUTER WITH CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEANS Filed July 10, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 'NVENTOR Rober? A. Shuey 28 wy ms US. Cl. 90-13 22 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus for shaping work pieces which includes a hand tool provided with a hydraulic motor and means for moving a cutting tool driven by the motor, the apparatus having means for continuously varying the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor operable by controls on the hand tool.

This invention relates to apparatus for working or shaping metal and the like and more particularly to a hydraulically operable metal working apparatus and to a hand tool usable in such apparatus.

An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus for rotating a cutting, drilling or shaping tool at a set speed which may be varied continuously within a predetermined speed range.

Another object is to provide a new and improved apparatus which includes a movable platform on which are mounted a variable volume main hydraulic pump and the drive and control means therefor, a hydraulic motor connected in a closed hydraulic system with the pump by means which include flexible conduit means so that the hydraulic motor is movable relative to the pump, and a hand tool secured to the motor for guiding a cutting or shaping tool driven by the motor relative to a work piece.

Still another object is to provide an apparatus of the type described which includes an auxiliary pump driven by the same drive means as the main pump for removing leakage hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic motor.

A further object is to provide an apparatus of the type described which has means for delivering air under pressure to the hand tool to cool the cutting or shaping tool driven by the hydraulic motor and for blowing away the cuttings or chips of the work piece removed by such cutting or shaping tool.

A still further object is to provide a new and improved control means for a variable volume pump having a control member which is movable between a neutral position wherein the hydraulic pump does not move fluid between its inlet and outlet and operative positions wherein the pump moves the hydraulic fluid between its inlet and outlet conduits, the rate of movement of the fluid varying in accordance with the degree of displacement of the operator member from its neutral position.

A still further object is to provide a control means for the pump which includes a ram having a cylinder and a piston connected to the control member and movable by fluid under pressure admitted selectively to opposite ends of its cylinder for moving the control member of the pump motor.

Another object is to provide a control means for a variable volume pump wherein the delivery of fluid under pressure to the cylinder is controlled by a four-way valve having electrically energizable means for selectively admitting fluid under pressure to opposite ends of the cylinder and exhausting fluid from opposite ends of the cylinder, and for simultaneously introducing the fluid under pressure to both sides of the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston to hold the piston in any predetermined position to which it has been moved.

Still another object is to provide an apparatus wherein F nited States Patent 31,479,922 Patented Nov. 25, 1969 'ice the electrically energizable control means for the cylinder comprise a pair of solenoids selectively connectable to an electric current source by a three-way switch mounted on the hand tool.

A further object is to provide a new and improved hand tool having means for easily and quickly securing the hand tool to a hydraulic motor.

A still further object is to provide a hand tool having a tubular body in which a hydraulic motor is telescopical and having clamp means for releasably securing the tubular body to the hand tool.

A still further object is to provide a hand tool wherein a base plate is releasably securable to the tubular body, the plate having a central aperture through which a shaping or cutting tool may extend.

Another object is to provide a hand tool wherein the tubular body and a sleeve rotatably disposed thereabout are provided with alignable apertures for permitting access to the operative member of a Jacobs chuck secured to the drive shaft of the hydraulic motor. i

Still another object is to provide a hand tool of the type described having means for introducing gas under pressure into the hand tool for movement through the aperture past the cutting or shaping tool and to the work piece being worked by such tool.

Still another object is to provide a hand tool of the type described having an adaptor connectable to the plate and extending into its aperture through which the cutting tool may extend, the adaptor having a guide surface extending downwardly of the plate and about the cutting or shaping tool for engaging a pattern or template for guiding the movement of the hand tool.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the reading of the following description of a device constructed in accordance with the invention, and reference to the accompanying drawings thereof, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view, with parts such as conduit means removed for clarity of illustration, of the apparatus embodying the invention;

FIGURE 2 is another perspective view similar to FIG- URE 1 but taken from a different side of the apparatus;

FIGURE 3 is a vertical sectional view through the hand tool embodying the invention;

FIGURE 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 5 is an exploded perspective view of the hand tool embodying the invention;

FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the leakage pump of the apparatus;

FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of the hydraulic system of the apparatus;

FIGURE 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of the electrical control system of the apparatus;

FIGURE 9 is a schematic fragmentary perspective view showing the manner in which the hand tool is used in conjunction with a pattern or template to shape or cut a work piece to a desired configuration; and,

FIGURE 10 is a vertical sectional view of another hand tool embodying the invention.

Referring now to the drawings, the apparatus 20 embodying the invention includes a mobile platform 21 which is supported by a plurality of wheels 22 and on which is mounted the power drive means for operating a hydraulic motor 24 which in turn operates the hand tool 25 embodying the invention. The hydraulic motor 24 may be of a commercially available type, such as the motor available under the name Baldrive Model 23-16- J33, and its output drive shaft has connected thereto a Jacobs chuck 27 for holding a tool, such as a mill 28. The motor is provided with an inlet fitting 30 through winch a hydraulic fluid under pressure is delivered to cause operation of the motor, an outlet fitting 31 through which the hydraulic fluid is removed from the motor, an air inlet fitting 32 through which air is drawn into the motor by an air moving means of the motor, not shown, and a hydraulic fluid leakage outlet fitting 33 through which any hydraulic fluid which may leak from the operative parts of the motor to a suitable passage or chamber in the motor housing is removed from such chamber. The speed of rotation of the motor drive shaft and the Jacobs chuck 27 varies in accordance with the rate of delivery of the hydraulic power fluid to the inlet fitting 30.

The inlet fitting of the hydraulic motor 24 is connected to the outlet conduit 35 of a variable volume main pump 36 whose rate of delivery of the hydraulic fluid to the motor may be varied by pivoting a control lever 37 of the pump. The pump may be of any suitable commercially available type, such as the variable volume pump available as Model No. C3L from the Industrial Fluid Power Division of Sta-Rite Industries, Inc., 1900 Clark Street, Racine, Wis. The rate, or volume per unit of time, of delivery of the incompressible hydraulic fluid increases as the control lever is pivoted in a clockwise manner, as seen in FIGURES 2 and 7, from a neutral position wherein the pump does not move hydraulic fluid from its inlet conduit 38 to its outlet conduit 35.

The inlet fitting 30 of the motor is connected to the pump outlet conduit 35 by a flexible hose or conduit 39 and suitable connecting means therefor, not shown. The

outlet fitting 31 of the motor is connected to the inlet conduit 38 of the main pump through a flexible conduit 41, a heat exchanger 42 in which the hydraulic fluid is cooled during its passage therethrough, and a conduit 43. A fan 45 driven by an electric motor 46 may be used to circulate air past the heat exchanger to facilitate the cooling of the hydraulic fluid.

For proper operation of the hydraulic motor and the main pump, the fluid pressure in the closed hydraulic system which includes the pump and the hydraulic motor must be raised to a predetermined pressure, for example, 400 pounds per square inch, before the initiation of operation of the pump and of the motor. The pressure in this system is raised and maintained at this volume by a supercharge pump 50 whose inlet conduit 51 extends into a tank or reservoir 52 of hydraulic fluid and opens thereto adjacent the bottom of such tank. The outlet conduit 54 of the supercharge pump is connected to the conduits 35 and 38 of the main pump and hydraulic motor system by means of suitable conduits 55, and 56 and 57, respectively. A check valve 59 connected in the conduit 56 permits flow of the hydraulic fluid through the conduit 56 to the conduit 35 and prevents flow in the reverse direction from the conduit 35 through the conduit 56. A similar check valve 60 connected in the conduit 57 permits flow of hydraulic fluid from the conduit 55 to the conduit 43 but prevents reverse flow therethrough from the conduit 43 to the conduit 55.

The supercharge pump outlet conduit 54 is also connected to an accumulator 62 by a conduit 63. The upper portion of the accumulator is filled with a compressible gas so that a supply or charge of the hydraulic fluid may be maintained in the accumulator under pressure.

The conduit 54 is also connected to an exhaust conduit 64 in which is connected a pressure release or regulator valve 65 which opens when the pressure in the conduit 54 and the accumulator 62 exceeds a predetermined value, for example, 430 pounds per square inch, to permit some of the hydraulic fluid to flow into the tank, the exhaust conduit extending into the tank. When the pressure drops below such predetermined value, the valve 65 closes.

Filtered air is drawn into the air inlet 32 of the motor through a flexible conduit 66 which extends into the tank and opens thereto above the top level of the hydraulic fluid the tank. Air is drawn into the tank through an air 4 filter cap 67 which closes the filler inlet 68 of the tank. The opening of the air conduit 66 into the tanks causes filtered air to be supplied to the hydraulic motor and also causes any hydraulic fluid which, due to some malfunction, may flow into the air conduit, to flow to the tank.

The hydraulic fluid leakage outlet fitting 33 is connected by a flexible conduit 70 to the inlet 71 of a pump 72 whose outlet 73 is connected by a conduit 74 to the tanks. The conduit 74 preferably extends to a location below the top level of the hydraulic fluid in the tank so that the fluid pumped by the pump 72 into the tank will not cause undue splashing or agitation in the tank.

The pumps 36 and 72 are driven by a three phase electric current motor 75. The drive shaft 76 of the electric motor is connected by a suitable coupling 77 to the drive shaft 78 of the main pump 36. The pump 72, which may be of the type used as a fuel pump in automobiles, has an operator lever 79 which is reciprocated by a circular cam 80 eccentrically mounted on the drive shaft 76 of the electric motor. The pump has means yieldably biasing the lever into engagement with the cam. It will be apparent that whenever the motor 75 is in operation both the main pump 35 and the pump 72 are in operation.

The operation of the motor 75 is controlled by a pressure switch 82 which is connected to the conduit 55 and is responsive to the supercharge pump outlet pressure. The contact 83 of the pressure switch is moved to open position when the outlet pressure drops below a predetermined value, for example, 250 pounds per square inch. and closes when this pressure rises to a predetermined value higher than the value at which it closes, for example, 300 pounds per square inch. The supercharge pump is driven by an electric motor whose operation is controlled by the pressure switch 91 which is connected to the outlet conduit 54 and whose contact 92 is moved to open position to cause deenergization of the motor 90 whenever the pressure in the accumulator exceeds a predetermined value, e.g., 400 pounds per square inch.

The control lever 37 of the main pump 36 is pivotally connected at its lower end to the piston rod 101 of a pneumatic ram 102, the lower end of the lever extending between the arms 103 of a clevis 104 rigidly secured to the outer end of the piston rod and is pivotally connected thereto by a suitable pivot pin 105 which extends through aligned apertures in the arms and in the lever. The cylinder 106 of the pneumatic ram is connected for pivotal movement relative to the base by a clevis 108 rigidly secured to one end thereof between whose spaced arms 109 extends the lug 110 of a bracket 111 rigidly secured to the platform by means of bolts 112. The clevis is pivotally secured to the lug 110 by means of a pivot pin 114. It will be apparent that the cylinder may move pivotally about the axis of the pivot pin to accommodate the arcuate movement of the lower end of the control lever 37 as the piston rod is moved relative to the cylinder.

Air may be introduced and exhausted from opposite ends of the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston 116 on the inner end of the piston rod by means of inlet fittings 117 and 118. The fittings 117 and 118 are connected by flexible conduits 119 and 120 to the fittings 121 and 122, respectively, of a double solenoid valve 125 which may be operated to cause air under pressure supplied to its inlet fitting 126 to be directed by the valve to either fitting of the cylinder while the other fitting of the cylinder is vented through one or the other of the exhaust fittings 127 and 128 of the valve, or cause an under pressure to be directed to both fittings of the valve. The operation of the valve is responsive to the selective energization of its two solenoid windings 130 and 131 as will be explained in greater detail below. The valve 125 may be of any suitable commercially available type, such as the Four-Way Double Solenoid valve available from the Versa Products Company, Inc., of Inglewood, NJ.

When the control lever 37 is moved to its neutral position wherein the main pump does not move hydraulic fluid from its inlet conduit 38 to its outlet conduit, an operator member rigidly secured to the piston rod, as by a set screw 136, engages the operator arm 137 of a switch 138 to move its switch contact 139 to open position and cause the motors 46 and 75 to be deenergized, as will be explained below.

The motors, pumps and valves are mounted in any suitable manner on the movable platform 21. For example, the main pum motor 75 is secured to the movable platform by bolts 140 and the assembly of the electric motor 90 and the supercharge pump is rigidly mounted on the top housing 141 of the electric motor by means of bolts 142. The main pump 36 is rigidly secured by bolts 144 to a vertical mount plate 145 which in turn is rigidly secured to the platform by bolts, welding or the like. The tank or reservoir 52 is rigidly mounted on legs 147a and 147]) whose foot plates 148 are rigidly secured to the movable platform by bolts 149. The fan motor 46 may be secured by a suitable clamp bracket 150 to a substantially U-shaped bracket base 151 which is secured to the platform at its lower end by welding, bolts or the like. The pump 72 is secured by bolts 155 to the leg 147b, the lever 79 of the pump extending to the cam 80 through a suitable aperture in the leg 14717.

Compressed air under pressure for the operation of the air cylinder is provided from any suitable external source by means of a flexible conduit which is connected by a T coupling 161 and a conduit 162 to the inlet fitting 126 of the solenoid valve. A flexible conduit 164 also connected to the T coupling 161 extends to the hand tool 25, as will be explained below. The flexible conduits 39, 41, 66, 70 and 164 extend to the hand tool through a suitable aperture of a base 171, rigidly secured to the platform by bolts 172, of a tubular post 174 to whose top end one end of flexible sheath 175 is connected. A suitable spring 176 is connected to the upper end of the post extends about at least a portion of the sheath 175 to yieldably hold a portion of the sheath connected to the post in vertical position. The flexible conduits of course extend through the sheath.

A cabinet or housing 180 may also be mounted by means of a bracket or plate 182 on the movable platform. The various electrical components of the electric circuit may be mounted in this cabinet in any suitable manner. The cabinet has a suitable access door, not shown. Electric current to the electric input circuit 184 of the apparatus may be provided by a suitable cable 185 which extends into the housing and whose outer end is provided with a male plug 186 which is adapted to be plugged into a suitable outlet of an electric supply system. A three Wire cable 187 also extends from the housing 180 through the post 174 and the flexible sheath to the hand tool and is provided at its lower end with a female plug or socket 187 in which are receivable the three prongs of a male plug 188 connected to a cable 189. The cable extends to a three way switch 190 mounted on the base plate 200 of the hand tool.

The base plate 200 of the hand tool is of substantially oblong shape and is provided with knob handles 201 whose shanks are threaded in bores 202 of the base plate. The plate 200 has an annular downwardly opening recess 204 about its central threaded bore 205 in which is received the annular flange 206 of a tubular adapter 207 whose upper portion 288 is threaded in the bore 205. The adapter has a downwardly extending annular flange or extension 210 which provides a cylindrical guide surface 211 which extends perpendicularly downwardly of the bottom surface of the plate and which is engageable with a guide edge or surface of a suitable pattern or template.

The base plate also has an upwardly opening annular recess 212 in which is received the lower end of a tubular body 214 whose annular bottom end shoulder 215 rests on the upwardly facing surface 217 defining the bottom end of the recess 212 and which is secured to the base plate by a plurality of screws 220. The screws'extend through aligned apertures in the flange 206 of the adapter and of the base plate into threaded downwardly opening bores 221 of the tubular body. The body is provided with a plurality of lateral apertures 223 which are closable by a sleeve 225 rotatably disposed about the tubular body below its downwardly facing annular stop shoulder 226 and the top surface of the plate 200. The sleeve is provided with a plurality of apertures 228 which may be aligned with the apertures 223 of the sleeve to permit insertion therethrough of the usual tool for operating the Jacobs chuck which has teeth engageable with the downwardly facing gear teeth 229 of the Jacobs chuck. The sleeve when rotated to a position wherein its ports are not in alignment with the apertures 223 of the tubular body prevents or limits the flow of air from the chamber 230, defined by the body and the housing of the hydraulic motor, through the apertures 223. Air under pressure which is introduced into this chamber through an inlet fitting 233 threaded in a lateral bore 234 of the body flows from the chamber downwardly, when the apertures are not in alignment, through the adapter and past the tool 25 and onto the work piece engaged by the tool. The air blows chips and cuttings away from the work piece and also serves to cool the tool and the work piece. The flexible conduit 164 is connected to the inlet fitting 233 to conduct air under pressure to the tubular body.

The tubular body, and therefore the hand tool 25, is releasably securable to the housing of the hydraulic motor 24 by means on a clamp ring 240 disposed about the upper portion of the tubular body which is divided into resilient collet fingers 244 by a plurality of upwardly opening slots 245. The adjacent ends of the clamp ring are secured to one another by a bolt 247 which extends through an aperture 248 in one of the ends of the ring into a threaded bore 249 in the other end so that as the ends of the ring are drawn toward one another, the ring is tightened about the collet fingers and holds them clamped against the housing of the hydraulic motor.

Referring now particularly to FIGURE 8 of the drawings, which is a diagrammatic illustration of the electric circuit of the apparatus, the input circuit 184 as previously mentioned may be connected by the cable 185 to a source of electric current by means of its plug at any location to which the mobile platform is moved. The input circuit has three main lines or conductors 261, 262 and 263. The fan motor 46 and the main pump motor 75 are connectible across the main conductors 261, 262 and 263 by a contactor or relay 265 when its winding 266 is energized. The contactor has three contacts 268 which when in closed positions connect the conductors 261, 262 and 263 to the conductors 271, 272 and 273, respectively, which are connected to the appropriate input terminals of the motor 75. The conductors 274, 275 and 276 connect the input terminals of the motor 46 to the conductors 271, 272 and 273, respectively. The winding 266 is connectible across the secondary winding 280 of a voltage step down transformer 281, whose primary winding 282 is connected across the conductors 262 and 263 by the conductors 284, 285, 286 and 287, by a conductor 290, the contact 83 of the pressure switch 82, a conductor 281, the movable contact 139 of the switch 138 when it is in closed position, conductors 292 and 293, a manually operable switch 294 which may be mounted on the housing 180, and the conductors 296, 297 and 298.

The motor 90 which drives the supercharge pump 50 is connectible across the main conductors 261, 262 and 263 by the contacts 301 of a relay or contactor 302 when its winding 303 is connected across the primary winding 280. The contacts 301, when in their lower closed positions, connect the conductors 306, 307 and 308, which are connected to main conductors 261, 262 and 263, to the conductors 309, 310 and 311, respectively, of the motor 90. The contactor winding 303 is connectible across the primary winding 280 of the transformer by the conductors 297, 314, 315, 316, the contact 92 of the pressure switch 91, the conductors 317, 292 and 293, the manual switch 294 when it is closed, and the conductor 296.

The three way switch 190 mounted on the base plate 200 has a movable contact 321 which, when in its upper position is in engagement with its stationary contact 322 and connects the solenoid winding 130 of the valve 125 across the secondary winding 280 through the conductor 296, the switch 294, and the conductors 293, 292, 324, 325, 326, 314, and 297. When the contact 321 is moved to a position where it engages its lower stationary contact 328, the other solenoid winding 131 of the valve 125 is connected across the secondary winding 280 through the conductor 296, the switch 294, the conductors 293, 292, .329, 325, 326, 314 and 297. It will be apparent that when the switch contact 321 is in its intermediate position illustrated in FIGURE 7, neither solenoid winding 130 nor 131 is energized and that when the manual switch 294 is open, neither the motors nor the solenoid windings of the valve 125 can be energized.

In use, the apparatus is moved to a desired location where the edge E of a work piece W is to be shaped to the configuration of the edge E of a pattern or template P which may be held in predetermined desired position relative to the work piece by a suitable fixture or jig, not shown. Assuming now that the pressure in the accumulator and in the main pump and hydraulic motor system is low and that the control lever 37 of the main pump is in the neutral position wherein the operator member 135 holds the contact 139 of the switch 138 in open position, when the main conductors 261, 262 and 263 are connected to a three electric current supplies circuit at such location by means of the plug 186 and cable 185, no operation of the motors can take place until the manual switch 294 is closed. When the manual switch 294 is closed, the contact 83 of the pressure switch 82 is open and the contact 92 of the pressure switch 91 is closed since the pressure in the accumulator and at the output conduit is below 250 pounds per square inch. The switch 294 is then closed and since the switch 92 is now in closed position, the contactor winding 303 is energized, the contacts 301 are moved to their closed positions, and the supercharge pump motor 90 is placed in operation and continues to operate until the contact 92 of the switch 91 moves to open position when the pressure in the accumulator and also in the main pump and hydraulic motor system has been raised to 400 pounds per square inch. As the pressure in the main pump and hydraulic motor circuit system increases above 250 pounds per square inch, the movable contact 83 of the switch 82 is moved to its closed position. The apparatus is then in operative condition.

A suitable tool, such as the mill 28 is secured by the Jacobs chuck to the drive shaft of the hydraulic motor and extends through a suitable adaptor which is secured to the plate 200. The sleeve 225 is then rotated to position wherein its apertures 228 are out of alignment with the apertures 223 of the tubular body 214 and the conduit 160 is connected to a source of air under pressure. The operator then moves the plate 200 of the hand tool over the pattern P so that the guide surface 211 of the adaptor engages the edge E of the template while holding the hand tool by the knob handles. The three way switch 190 is now accessible to the thumb of the operators right hand, and, to begin operation of the hydraulic motor, the operator now moves the three way switch 190 to a position which causes one solenoid winding 130 of the valve 125 to be energized. The valve 125 then causes air under pressure to be admitted to the cylinder 106 of the pneumatic ram 102 through its fitting 117 while at the same time permits the escape of air from the cylinder through its fitting 118. The force of the air under pressure moves the piston 116 slowly to the left. FIGURES 2 and 7, and the operator member 137 on the piston rod moves out of engagement with the operator arm 137 of the switch 138 and its cont-act 139 moves to its closed position. This causes the contactor winding 266 to be connected across the secondary winding 280 of the transformer 281 and its contacts 268 move to their closed position causing the main pump motor 75 and the fan motor 46 to be placed in operation. The rate of delivery of the hydraulic fluid by the main pump will increase as the piston rod 101 moves to the left and the control lever 137 pivots in a clockwise direction further from its neutral position. The speed of rotation of the Jacobs chuck and the tool 38 increases in accordance with the increase in rate of delivery of the hydraulic fluid by the main pump. When the desired speed of rotation of the tool 28 is attained, the operator moves the three way switch back to the position illustrated in FIGURE 8, and at this time, since neither solenoid nor 131 is energized, the valve will cause air under pressure from the conduit to be introduced into both ends of the cylinder 106 and the piston and piston rod will then be held in this position and the motor will run at this predetermined speed until the movable contact 321 of the three way switch is again operated. If it is desired to de crease the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor, the movable contact 321 of the three way switch 190 is moved to its lowermost position wherein it engages the stationary contact 328 and the solenoid winding 131 is energized. In this case, when the solenoid winding 138 is energized, air under pressure is introduced by the valve into the cylinder through the fitting 118 while the air in the cylinder may escape therefrom at the opposite end of the solenoid through the fitting 117. As the piston and the rod then move to the right, and the control lever 37 is pivoted in a counterclockwise position towards its neutral position, the rate of delivery of the hydraulic fluid by the main pump is decreased and the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor decreases accordingly.

When the proper speed of rotation of the tool is obtained the operator moves the contact 321 to its neutral position wherein neither solenoid winding 130 nor 131 s energized and then moves the tool into engagement with the edge E of the work piece, the base plate 200 being supported on the pattern and the guide surface 211 of the adaptor being held by the operator in engagement with the edge E1 of the pattern. The operator then moves the hand tool along the pattern while holding the edge guide surface 211 of the adaptor in engagement with the edge E until the edge E of the work piece has the same configuration as the edge E1.

It will be apparent that the edge E will be spaced a predetermined distance from the edge E of the work piece when the shaping of the work piece is completed since the cutting surfaces of the tool 28 are spaced from the guide surface 211 of the adaptor. Appropriate adaptors for different diameter tools 28 are provided to cause the guide surfaces of said adaptors to be spaced at desired and preferably the same distance from the cutting edges of such different tools.

During the cutting or shaping of the work piece, air flowing into the chamber 230 flows downwardly through the tubular adaptor and past the tool to blow away the cuttings or chips from the work piece and also to cool the tool and the work piece.

Since the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor can not vary regardless of the load imposed on the work tool, a very smooth even cut is obtained since the tool can not chatter which could be the case with pneumatically driven motors or electric motors as the load thereof suddenly increased.

Moreover, the speed of rotation of the tool 28, may be varied continuously between zero speed and a maximum speed so that the most eflicient speed for a particular job determined by the characeristics of the work piece, the depth of cut, and other such factors, may be used.

When the shaping of the work piece is completed, the operator moves the three way switch to the Position wherein its contact 321 engages its stationary contact 328 and energizes the solenoid winding 131. The piston is then moved to the right, and the rate of delivery, of fluid by the main pump decreases as the control lever 37 is pivoted in a counterclockwise direction. The speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor also decreases until as the control lever 37 reaches its neutral position and the delivery or circulation of the fluid by the main pump is arrested, the operator member 135 on the piston rod engages the operator member 137 of the switch 138 and its movable contact 139 is moved to its open position causing de-energization of the contact winding 266 and the movement of its contact 268 to their open positions. The fan and pump motors are then de-energized and remain inoperative until the operator again moves the three way switch to the position wherein its contact 321 engages the stationary contact 322.

It will be apparent that while a particular mill 28 has been illustrated and described as being used with the hand tool 25, any other suitable rotatable shaping or cutting tools such as drills, end mills and the like may be used as required by the particular shaping or drilling operation required on a particular work piece.

It will now be seen that a new and improved apparatus has been illustrated and described which includes a hand tool 25 mountable on a hydraulic motor 24 whose speed varies in accordance with the rate of delivery thereto of hydraulic fluid by a variable volume pump and the control means for the pump, such as the three way switch 190, is mounted on the hand tool for easy access by the operator.

It will further be seen that the control means of the variable volume pump such as the control lever 37, and the rotatable shaft of the pump to which it is connected, is movable between a neutral position wherein the rate of delivery of hydraulic fluid is zero and a position where the rate is at a maximum by a reciprocable means, such as the piston and piston rod of a pneumatic ram, that such control means is held positionable in any one of an indefinite number of positions within a continuous range of stroke of the reciprocable means so that the rate of delivery of the hydraulic fluid by the pump may be varied continuously within a predetermined range between zero and a maximum rate, and that the rate of delivery may be set at a desired value within such range by the operator while he is holding the hand tool.

It will also be seen that the base plate of the hand tool may slide over a pattern or template and thus help steady and guide the tool 28 so that a smooth out or surface of the worked or shaped edge E of the work piece may be obtained.

It will also be seen that the hand tool may be used with patterns of different configurations for such operations as drilling bores in aircraft structural elements to decrease the weight thereof and to honeycomb such elements.

Referring now particularly to FIGURE of the drawings, the hand tool 400 embodying the invention is also mountable on the hydraulic motor 24 and includes a tubular body 401 whose upper reduced end portion is divided into a plurality of resilient collet fingers 402 by a plurality of upwardly opening slots 403. The collet fingers are movable into gripping engagement with the housing of the hydraulic motor 24 by a split clamp ring 405 whose opposite adjacent ends are securable to one another by a bolt 406. It will be apparent that the tubular body 401 is thus secured to the hydraulic motor in the same manner as the tubular body 214 of the hand tool 25.

A guide body 408 has its reduced threaded upper end portion 409 threaded in the lower end portion of the tubular body and is held in any telescopically adjusted position relative to the tubular body by a lock ring 410 also threaded on the upper end portion of the guide body.

The bore of the guide body is reduced, as at 412, to receive a bearing assembly 414 secured in the guide body by means of a split snap or lock ring 415 whose outer portions are received in a suitable internal annular recess of the guide body and whose inner portions abut the top surface of the outer race 416 of the bearing assembly. Downward movement of the bearing assembly in the guide body is limited by the upwardly facing annular shoulder 418 defining the lower end of the anular recess. The bearing assembly includes the usual inner race 419 and ball bearings 420. The bearing assembly is provided to engage the shank of a suitable cutting or drilling tool such as the mill 28 above its cutting edges to help hold such tool properly aligned.

A tubular adapter 422 is threaded in the lower end portion 423 of the guide body and has a bottom external flange 424 which provides an annular guide surface 425. The guide surface 425 may of course be used in the same manner as the guide surface 211 of the adaptor 206 of the hand tool 25.

The cutting or shaping tool is secured to the drive shaft S of the hydraulic motor 24 by a collet assembly 430 which includes a tubular connector 431 into the reduced end portion of whose bore is telescoped the drive shaft. The connector is rigidly secured to the drive shaft against rotation by a key 434 which is disposed in the aligned slots 435 and 436 of the connector and the drive shaft, respectively, and which is held against displacement therefrom by a set screw 437 threaded in a suitable lateral bore of the connector. A second set screw 438 extends through a second lateral bore of the connector and has its inner end engaging a flat surface 439 of the drive shaft to prevent vertical displacement of the connector on the drive shaft.

The upper threaded end portion 440 of a collet 441 is threaded in the threaded portion 442 of the bore of the connector. The collet extends downwardly of the lower end of the connector and has a plurality of resilient collet fingers 445 which are provided adjacent their bottom ends with external bosses 446 whose outer cam surfaces extend downwardly and outwardly and are engageable by the internal cam surface 448 of a collet nut 449 whose upper end portion is threaded on the reduced lower end portion 451 of the connector.

It will be apparent that as collet nut 449 is rotated in a direction to cause it to move downwardly on the connector it also moves downwardly relatively to the collet and the engagement of its cam surface 48 with the external surfaces of the collet finger bosses will tend to move the lower ends of the collet fingers inwardly into gripping engagement with the shank of a tool, such as the mill 28, disposed in the central bore 456 of the collet.

The connector also has a plurality of external bores or recesses 458 in which is receivable the inner end of a rod 459. The rod 460 is biased towards its outer position illustrated in FIGURE 10 by a spring 460 whose outer end bears against the snap ring 462 whose inner portions extend into a suitable annular external recess of the rod and whose inner end portion bears against an internal flange 463 of the tubular body. Outward movement of the push rod is limited by the engagement of its external flange 464 with the flange 463 of the tubular body.

The push rod is used during the insertion or removal of a cutting tool through the collet. When it is desired to insert a tool into the collet, the guide body 408 is removed from the tubular body 401 by unloosening the lock nut 410 and then rotating the guide body relative to the body 401. The connector can then be held against rotation by pushing inwardly on the push rod 459 to cause its inner end to enter one of the bores of the connector and the lower ends of the collet fingers may then be released by screwing the collet nut upwardly on the connector. The shank of the tool is then inserted in the collet and the collet nut is rotated and moved downwardly on the connector to cause the collet fingers to be moved inwardly and grip the shank of such tool. The guide body 408 is then threaded into the lower end of the tubular body 401 to a position wherein a predetermined length of such cutting tool extends below the bottom surface of the adaptor 422 and is then locked in this position by means of the lock nut 410. It will be apparent that the depth of the cut made by the tool is determined by the position to which the guide body 408 is threaded in the body 401. If desired the guide surface 424 of the adaptor may be used in conjunction with a template or pattern in the same manner as the adaptor of the hand tool 25.

The three-way switch 190 which controls operation of the double solenoid valve 125 is mounted directly on the tubular body so that the operator can control the speed of rotation of the drive shaft S of the hydraulic motor as described above in connection with the hand tool 25.

It will be apparent that the hand tool 400 may be used in the same manner as the hand tool 25 in conjunction with templates or patterns to cut or shape a Work piece in accordance with the configuration predetermined by the configuration of such pattern and that .the depth of the cut can be easily adjusted by adjusting the position of the guide body on the tubular body 401 so that the maximum depth of the cut which a tool secured to the collet can make will be predetermined by the length of the portion of such tool which extends below the bottom surface of the adaptor 422.

It will further be seen that the provision of the bearmg assembly which engages the stem or shank of such tool above its cutting edges helps hold such cutting tool against displacement or flexing and thus provides for greater 'accuracy of operation of the hand tool.

The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory only, and changes in the details of the construction illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. An apparatus including: a hydraulic motor; a variable volume hydraulic pump; means including flexible conduit means connecting said motor to said pump in a closed hydraulic system for causing hydraulic fluid pumped by said pump to flow to said motor and then back from said motor to said pump, said flexible conduit means permitting movement of said motor relative to said pump, the speed of rotation of said motor varying in accordance with the rate of delivery of hydraulic fluid by said pump; a hand tool mountable on said hydraulic motor and including a plate having an aperture therein; means for securing a cutting tool to said motor for rotation thereby, said tool extending through said aperture of said plate; control means for varying the rate of delivery of hydraulic fluid by said pump; and switch means mounted on said plate of said hand tool for controlling said control means of said pump.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control means for said pump includes a reciprocable member and means controlled by said switch means for moving said reciprocable member to move said control means of said pump.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said hand tool has an adapter mounted in said aperture of said base plate, said adapter having a guide surface extending perpendicularly below said plate and engageable with a guide means for guiding movement of said hand tool.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said hand tool' includes a tubular member into whose upper end portion said motor is telescopical; and means for securing the upper end portion of said tubular member to said motor, said plate being securable to the lower end of said tubular member and disposed about said aperture, said tubular member being disposed about said aperture when secured to said plate.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said hand tool includes a sleeve rotatably disposed about said tubular member, said tubular member and said sleeve having apertures alignable when said sleeve is rotated to a predetermined position relative to said tubular member to provide access to the interior of said tubular member.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said tubular member has means for introducing fluid into said tubular member for flow downwardly through said adaptor and past a tool secured to the motor when said sleeve is rotated in position wherein said apertures of said tubular member and said sleeve are not aligned.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control means includes a ram having a cylinder and a piston reciprocably movable in said cylinder, said pump having a control member; means connecting said piston to said control member for moving said control member between a neutral position wherein said pump does not circulate fluid in said hydraulic system and operative positions wherein said pump circulates fluid through said hydraulic system, the rate of circulation of the hydraulic fluid by said pump varying in accordance with the degree of displacement of said control member from said neutral position; and valve means for connecting opposite ends of said cylinder on opposite sides of said piston selectively to a source of fluid under pressure and to the atmosphere, whereby when fluid under pressure is introduced to one end of said cylinder and vented to the atmosphere from the other end of said cylinder said piston moves said control member away from said neutral position and when fluid pressure is introduced into said other end of said cylinder and exhausted to the atmosphere from said one end of said cylinder said piston moves said control member toward said operative position.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said valve means includes a pair of electrically energizable means; said valve means connecting said one end of said supply cylinder to a source of fluid under pressure and the other end of said cylinder to the atmosphere when one of said electrically energizable means is energized and connecting said other of said ends of said cylinder to the source of fluid under pressure and said one of said end of said cylinder to the atmosphere when the other of said electrically energizable means is energized.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said valve means connects both ends of said cylinder to said source of fluid under pressure when neither of said electrically energizable means is energized.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said switch means are movable between opposite operative positions to selectively connect said electrically energizable means across an input circuit of electric current.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, said switch means being movable to an inoperative position to prevent energization of either of said electrically energizable means of said valve means.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, and electrically energizable drive means for driving said pump, second switch means for controlling connection of said drive means toward an electric input circuit means operatively associated with said control member for causing said second switch means to prevent energization of said drive means when said control member is in said neutral position.

13. A hand tool connectable to a hydraulic motor and including a tubular member into whose upper end portion is telescopical a hydraulic motor; means for rigidly securing said tubular member to a hydraulic motor; a base plate secured to the lower end of said tubular member, said base plate having an aperture opening to the lower end of said tubular member through which a cutting tool securable to a drive shaft of the motor may extend downwardly of the bottom surface of said base plate; and a tubular adaptor secured to said base plate and extending about said aperture, said adaptor having a guide surface extending perpendicularly downwardly of said bottom surface of said base plate for engaging a guide surface to guide movement of said hand tool, and said upper end portion of said tubular member comprising a plurality of resilient collet portions and said means for securing said tubular member to a hydraulic motor includes a clamp ring and means for causing said clamp ring to resiliently move said collet portions of said tubular member inwardly into clamping engagement With said hydraulic motor.

14. The hand tool of claim 13 wherein said tubular member has a lateral aperture, and a sleeve rotatably disposed about said tubular member and having an aperture alignable with the aperture of said tubular member when said sleeve is rotated to a predetermined position relative to said tubular member to provide access to the interior of said tubular member.

15. The hand tool of claim 14, wherein said tubular member is provided with means for introducing fluid under pressure into said tubular member for flow downwardly through said adaptor and past a tool secured to the drive shaft of the hydraulic motor.

16. The hand tool of claim 14, wherein said base plate is provided with a handle means extending upwardly therefrom and switch means adjacent said handle means for controlling operation of the hydraulic motor.

17. A hand tool connectable to a drive motor, said hand tool including: a first tubular member into whose upper end portion is telescopical a motor; means for rigidly securing said first member to a motor; a second tubular member secured to the lower end of said first member, said members being longitudinally aligned whereby cutting tool securable to a drive shaft of the motor may extend downwardly of the bottom end of said second member; and a tubular adaptor secured to said second member, said adaptor having a guide surface extending perpendicularly downwardly of the bottom surface of said second member, the upper end portion of said first member comprising a plurality of resilient collet portions and said means for securing said first member to a motor includes a clamp ring, and means for causing said clamp ring to resiliently move said collet portions of said first member inwardly into clamping engagement with a motor.

18. The hand tool of claim 17, wherein said second member has bearing means above said adaptor for engaging a shank of a cutting tool to hold it against lateral displacement.

19. The hand tool of claim 18, and a collet assembly for releasably securing the shank of a cutting tool to said drive shaft, said collet assembly including a tubular connector rigidly securable to the drive shaft of a motor; a collet rigidly secured to said connector and extending downwardly thereof, said collet having a downwardly opening bore for receiving the shank of a cutting tool; and a collet nut threaded on said connector member, said collet and said collet nut having co-engageable means for causing said collet to rigidly hold a shank of a cutting tool in the bore thereof upon longitudinal movement of said nut relative to said connector.

20. The hand tool of claim 19, wherein said second member is longitudinally adjustable relative to said first member; and means for locking said first member in telescopically adjusted position relative to said first member.

21. The hand tool of claim 18, wherein said second member is longitudinally adjustable relative to said first member; and means for locking said first member in telescopically adjusted position relative to said first member.

22. A hand tool connectable to a drive motor, said hand tool including: a first tubular member into whose upper end portion is telescopical a motor; means for rigidly securing said first member to a motor; a second tubular member secured to the lower end of said first member, said members being longitudinally aligned whereby cutting tool securable to a drive shaft of the motor may extend downwardly of the bottom end of said second member; and a tubular adaptor secured to said second member, said adaptor having a guide surface extending perpendicularly downwardly of the bottom surface of said second member, said second member having bearing means above said adaptor for engaging a shank of a cutting tool to hold it against lateral displacement.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,514,894 11/1924 Carter 144134.5 1,745,780 2/1930 Casey 144-1345 1,899,883 2/1933 Sacrey 144136.3 3,034,549 5/1962 Quackenbush 144136.3 3,163,084 12/1964 Hobart 144-136 3,332,462 7/1967 Williams 144-136.3

GERALD A. DOST, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

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