US3479051A - Spherical bearing king pin steering knuckle assembly - Google Patents

Spherical bearing king pin steering knuckle assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US3479051A
US3479051A US697149A US3479051DA US3479051A US 3479051 A US3479051 A US 3479051A US 697149 A US697149 A US 697149A US 3479051D A US3479051D A US 3479051DA US 3479051 A US3479051 A US 3479051A
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United States
Prior art keywords
king pin
bearing
steering knuckle
axle
spherical bearing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US697149A
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Irwin K Weiss
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/18—Steering knuckles; King pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/10—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/20—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to type of movement
    • F16C2300/28—Reciprocating movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32861—T-pivot, e.g., wrist pin, etc.
    • Y10T403/32918—T-pivot, e.g., wrist pin, etc. fork and tongue

Definitions

  • a king pin type steering knuckle assembly for a vehicle axle in which semi-spherical bearing portions are arranged around a king pin in vertically spaced relation for engagement with cooperating vertically spaced sockets formed in a knuckle, the bearing portions and associated sockets at each end being oriented so that load imposed on the axle effects compressive loading of one, while compressive loading of the other is selectively adjustable by means associated with the king pin.
  • This invention relates to steering knuckle assemblies and particularly to assemblies of the type providing dirigible mounting of a wheel relative to a solid axle.
  • the front wheels are commonly dirigibly mounted on solid or beam type axles by what is commonly known as a Reverse Elliott steering knuckle assembly in which bifurcated inner portions of the wheel knuckle overlap the terminal end of the axle and are connected thereto by a king pin passing through vertically aligned apertures in the axle and overlapping portions. While this basic type of construction has proved to be both simple and rugged, optimum results depend upon initial establishment of relatively fine tolerances. Additionally, due to the heavy duty to which such vehicles are subjected, maintenance of such tolerances is an equally important consideration.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved king pin type steering knuckle assembly.
  • Another object is to provide an assembly of the stated character which is not only simple and economical to manufacture, assemble and disassemble, but is also durable and readily adjustable for wear compensation.
  • a further object is to provide an arrangement of the stated character incorporating means for establishing and maintaining a definite preload enabling accurate frictional control of steering effort.
  • the reference numeral 2 generally designates a transversely disposed drop center beam type front axle commonly utilized in heavy duty vehicles. It will be understood that the axle 2 is symmetrical and accordingly the foregoing description relating to one end of the axle applies equally to the opposite end of the axle, not shown.
  • axle 2 is formed with a cylindrical portion 4 having parallel upper and lower surfaces 6 and 8 and a vertically extending? bore 10. Overlapping surfaces 6 and 8 are vertically spaced inwardly extending bosses 12 and 14 formed integrally on a wheel knuckle 16. At their vertically opposed inner faces, bosses 12 and 14 are formed with flat surfaces 18 and 20 spaced to provide clearance with surfages 6 and 8.
  • Bosses 12 and 14 are also formed with aligned apertures 22 and 24 which in turn are aligned with bore in axle 2.
  • a king pin 26, in the form of a threaded bolt, passes vertically through each of the aligned apertures and is keyed in the latter bore to provide a steering axis 28 for the wheel 30 mounted rotatably on the spindle portion 32 of knuckle 16.
  • bosses 12 and 14 are formed with machined semi-spherical sockets 34 and 36 which effect precision bearing engagement with apertured semi-spherical bearing elements 38 and 40, which in turn are formed with vertically extending apertures 42 and 44 adapted for precision sliding fit with king pin 10.
  • Bearing elements 38 'and 40 are preferably formed of sintered iron and include lubricant recesses 46 and 48 formed on the spherical outer surfaces thereof.
  • the bearing elements and their respective sockets are oriented in relation to the load imposed on the axle so that the lower bearing and socket are compressively loaded as a function of load on the vehicle, while the upper bearing and socket are selectively preloaded by adjustably tightening the nut 54 on the threaded upper end 56 of king pin 26. Because of this arrangement, precise establishment of a desired degree of preload on the upper bearing assembly is readily accomplished thus enabling selection of a degree of resistance to dirigible movement of the vehicle providing the desired steering effort. Inasmuch as gradual wear experienced between the lower bearing element and its socket is automatically taken up by the constant load imposed thereon, original precision fit is maintained. Similarly, any wear experienced between the upper bearing and its socket is readily removed by tightening the nut 54 to restore both the initial precision fit and the preload, as previously mentioned.
  • a construction in accordance with the present invention effectively eliminates the need for conventional thrust bearings, due to the fact that the semi-spherical bearing elements 38 and 40 perform the dual function of absorbing both side loads and thrust loads.
  • grease fittings 58 and 60 are threadably installed in transverse bores '62 and 64 formed in upper and lower bosses 12 and 14 adjacent the reliefs 50 and 52, thereby utilizing the relief portions as lubricant passages into the recesses 46 and 48.
  • Annular grease seals 66 and 68 disposed respectively between the lower face of nut 54 and adjacent face of boss 12, and the lower face of axle 2 and adjacent face of boss 14 prevent dissipation of lubricant contained between the bearing surfaces.
  • a king pin assembly comprising, a wheel knuckle apertures,"an axle having an end portion disposed be' tween said projections formed with an aperture aligned with said first mentioned apertures, means forming a pair of semi-spherical sockets in said projections concentric with said apertures and facing in a common direction, a pair of semi-spherical bearing elements disposed in said sockets, means forming apertures in said bearing elements aligned with said first and second mentioned apertures, a king pin extending through all of said apertures in precision engagement therewith, and means on one end of said king pin adapted to directly compressively load one of said bearing elements relative to its socket, the other of said bearing elements being compressively loaded as a function of load on said axle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)

Description

Nov. 18, 19 9 K. WEISS 3,479,051
SPHERICAL BEARING KING PIN STEERING KNUCKLE ASSEMBLY Filed Jan. 11, 1968 ATTORNEY United States Patent SPHERICAL BEARING KING PIN STEERING KNUCKLE ASSEMBLY Irwin K. Weiss, Birmingham, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Filed Jan. 11, 1968, Ser. No. 697,149 Int. Cl. B62d 7/18, 7/06 U.S. Cl. 280-961 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A king pin type steering knuckle assembly for a vehicle axle in which semi-spherical bearing portions are arranged around a king pin in vertically spaced relation for engagement with cooperating vertically spaced sockets formed in a knuckle, the bearing portions and associated sockets at each end being oriented so that load imposed on the axle effects compressive loading of one, while compressive loading of the other is selectively adjustable by means associated with the king pin.
This invention relates to steering knuckle assemblies and particularly to assemblies of the type providing dirigible mounting of a wheel relative to a solid axle.
In trucks and other heavy duty vehicles, the front wheels are commonly dirigibly mounted on solid or beam type axles by what is commonly known as a Reverse Elliott steering knuckle assembly in which bifurcated inner portions of the wheel knuckle overlap the terminal end of the axle and are connected thereto by a king pin passing through vertically aligned apertures in the axle and overlapping portions. While this basic type of construction has proved to be both simple and rugged, optimum results depend upon initial establishment of relatively fine tolerances. Additionally, due to the heavy duty to which such vehicles are subjected, maintenance of such tolerances is an equally important consideration.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved king pin type steering knuckle assembly.
Another object is to provide an assembly of the stated character which is not only simple and economical to manufacture, assemble and disassemble, but is also durable and readily adjustable for wear compensation.
A further object is to provide an arrangement of the stated character incorporating means for establishing and maintaining a definite preload enabling accurate frictional control of steering effort.
The foregoing and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become more readily apparent as reference is had to the accompanying specification and single sheet of drawings wherein there is illustrated a wheel knuckle assembly incorporating the invention.
In the drawing, the reference numeral 2 generally designates a transversely disposed drop center beam type front axle commonly utilized in heavy duty vehicles. It will be understood that the axle 2 is symmetrical and accordingly the foregoing description relating to one end of the axle applies equally to the opposite end of the axle, not shown. At its terminal end, axle 2 is formed with a cylindrical portion 4 having parallel upper and lower surfaces 6 and 8 and a vertically extending? bore 10. Overlapping surfaces 6 and 8 are vertically spaced inwardly extending bosses 12 and 14 formed integrally on a wheel knuckle 16. At their vertically opposed inner faces, bosses 12 and 14 are formed with flat surfaces 18 and 20 spaced to provide clearance with surfages 6 and 8. Bosses 12 and 14 are also formed with aligned apertures 22 and 24 which in turn are aligned with bore in axle 2. A king pin 26, in the form of a threaded bolt, passes vertically through each of the aligned apertures and is keyed in the latter bore to provide a steering axis 28 for the wheel 30 mounted rotatably on the spindle portion 32 of knuckle 16.
In order to provide optimum initial precision \bearing engagement between knuckle 16 and axle 2 in accordance with one feature of the invention, the upper ends of bosses 12 and 14 are formed with machined semi-spherical sockets 34 and 36 which effect precision bearing engagement with apertured semi-spherical bearing elements 38 and 40, which in turn are formed with vertically extending apertures 42 and 44 adapted for precision sliding fit with king pin 10. Bearing elements 38 'and 40 are preferably formed of sintered iron and include lubricant recesses 46 and 48 formed on the spherical outer surfaces thereof. Inasmuch as the effective bearing engagement establishing the steering axis 28 is accomplished by mating engagement of the outer and inner semi-spherical surfaces of socket 34 and bearing elements 38, and socket 36 and bearing element 40, any need for precision fit between the king pin 10 and the portions of bosses 12 and 14 adjacent their respective sockets is eliminated. Accordingly, small annular reliefs 50 and 52 are provided. When arranged'in the manner described, the bearing engagement effected i not only highly precise, but additionally automatically accommodates slight variations in vertical alignment between the parts associated with the king pin, in contrast to the conventional arrangement wherein even slight deviation introduces varying degrees of binding and undesirable stress.
According to another feature of the invention, the bearing elements and their respective sockets are oriented in relation to the load imposed on the axle so that the lower bearing and socket are compressively loaded as a function of load on the vehicle, while the upper bearing and socket are selectively preloaded by adjustably tightening the nut 54 on the threaded upper end 56 of king pin 26. Because of this arrangement, precise establishment of a desired degree of preload on the upper bearing assembly is readily accomplished thus enabling selection of a degree of resistance to dirigible movement of the vehicle providing the desired steering effort. Inasmuch as gradual wear experienced between the lower bearing element and its socket is automatically taken up by the constant load imposed thereon, original precision fit is maintained. Similarly, any wear experienced between the upper bearing and its socket is readily removed by tightening the nut 54 to restore both the initial precision fit and the preload, as previously mentioned.
In addition to the above advantages, a construction in accordance with the present invention effectively eliminates the need for conventional thrust bearings, due to the fact that the semi-spherical bearing elements 38 and 40 perform the dual function of absorbing both side loads and thrust loads.
In order to accomplish effective and efiicient lubrication of the bearings, grease fittings 58 and 60 are threadably installed in transverse bores '62 and 64 formed in upper and lower bosses 12 and 14 adjacent the reliefs 50 and 52, thereby utilizing the relief portions as lubricant passages into the recesses 46 and 48. Annular grease seals 66 and 68 disposed respectively between the lower face of nut 54 and adjacent face of boss 12, and the lower face of axle 2 and adjacent face of boss 14 prevent dissipation of lubricant contained between the bearing surfaces.
While but one embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent that other changes and modifications may be made therein.
I claim:
1. A king pin assembly comprising, a wheel knuckle apertures,"an axle having an end portion disposed be' tween said projections formed with an aperture aligned with said first mentioned apertures, means forming a pair of semi-spherical sockets in said projections concentric with said apertures and facing in a common direction, a pair of semi-spherical bearing elements disposed in said sockets, means forming apertures in said bearing elements aligned with said first and second mentioned apertures, a king pin extending through all of said apertures in precision engagement therewith, and means on one end of said king pin adapted to directly compressively load one of said bearing elements relative to its socket, the other of said bearing elements being compressively loaded as a function of load on said axle.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein said king pin is threaded at one end and formed with a shouldered head portion at the other end, and said last mentioned means comprises a nut threadably engaging said threaded end. 3. The invention of claim 1 wherein said means on one end of said king pin compressively loads the upper of said bearing elements.
4. The invention of claim 1 wherein said bearing elemerits are'formed with flat thrust surfaces normal to the axis of said king pin.
5. The invention of claim 4 including annular seal means surrounding said bearing elements in the plane of said thrust surfaces.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,396,324 11/1921 Gieske 287- 1,483,282 2/1924 Coston 280-961 1,689,750 10/1928 Redfield.
3,288,485 11/1966 White et a1. 280-961 3,342,507 9/1967 Koch et al. 280-961 KENNETH H. BETTS, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
US697149A 1968-01-11 1968-01-11 Spherical bearing king pin steering knuckle assembly Expired - Lifetime US3479051A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4043567A (en) * 1974-03-18 1977-08-23 V. W. Kaiser Engineering, Inc. Steering axle assembly
US4225151A (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-09-30 Deere & Company Tractor with large caster angle to improve steering clearance
US5709399A (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-01-20 Smith, Jr.; Joseph E. Motor vehicle steering assembly
US5975547A (en) * 1997-09-09 1999-11-02 Sanford Acquisition Company Steering knuckle assembly with lubrication system
US6257795B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2001-07-10 Clinton Byron Stroh Connection between a tie rod linkage and a steering knuckle arm
FR2818195A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-21 Meritor Heavy Vehicle Tech INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION WITH SOCKET BLOCK
US20070138754A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-21 Jeffrey Moreau Live spindle design for heavy duty steer axle
US20090003743A1 (en) * 2007-06-26 2009-01-01 Roller Bearing Company Of America, Inc. Bearing for kingpin or other shaft assembly
US20100066047A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2010-03-18 Adleman Jacob C Dual taper knuckle and dual taper adapter sleeve
US20110181101A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Wheel assembly with bearing cap having a seal
WO2013191630A1 (en) * 2012-06-21 2013-12-27 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
WO2014120068A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-07 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
WO2014120069A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-07 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
US20180149189A1 (en) * 2015-06-02 2018-05-31 Terex Global Gmbh Pivot bearing assembly having a pivot pin and having at least one bearing block and assembly method therefor
US20190256134A1 (en) * 2018-02-19 2019-08-22 Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group, Llc King-Pin Joint Assembly
EP3539850A1 (en) * 2018-03-15 2019-09-18 Gigant-Trenkamp & Gehle GmbH Axle body comprising wheel support which can be steered using a swivel joint

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2576860B1 (en) * 1985-02-06 1990-08-24 Soma Europ Transmissions MOTOR DIRECTOR FOR VEHICLE, PARTICULARLY FOR TRUCK
FR2599325B1 (en) * 1986-05-27 1988-10-07 Etude Dev Mat Speciaux DEVICE FOR DAMPING OSCILLATIONS TRANSMITTED BY A VEHICLE AXLE STEERING WHEEL.
GB2229409B (en) * 1989-03-21 1993-03-31 Dana Corp Steerable axle assembly with preloaded kingpin drawkeys

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1396324A (en) * 1917-12-21 1921-11-08 Julius Glor Adjustable knuckle-joint for automobiles
US1483282A (en) * 1921-07-22 1924-02-12 Edward C Coston Bolt sleeve
US1689750A (en) * 1927-06-25 1928-10-30 Ingersoll Band Company Adjustable support for stationary shafts
US3288485A (en) * 1963-06-19 1966-11-29 Charles S White Kingpin and assembly
US3342507A (en) * 1965-09-02 1967-09-19 Rockwell Standard Co Steerable axle assembly having camber adjustment means

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1396324A (en) * 1917-12-21 1921-11-08 Julius Glor Adjustable knuckle-joint for automobiles
US1483282A (en) * 1921-07-22 1924-02-12 Edward C Coston Bolt sleeve
US1689750A (en) * 1927-06-25 1928-10-30 Ingersoll Band Company Adjustable support for stationary shafts
US3288485A (en) * 1963-06-19 1966-11-29 Charles S White Kingpin and assembly
US3342507A (en) * 1965-09-02 1967-09-19 Rockwell Standard Co Steerable axle assembly having camber adjustment means

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4043567A (en) * 1974-03-18 1977-08-23 V. W. Kaiser Engineering, Inc. Steering axle assembly
US4225151A (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-09-30 Deere & Company Tractor with large caster angle to improve steering clearance
US5709399A (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-01-20 Smith, Jr.; Joseph E. Motor vehicle steering assembly
US5975547A (en) * 1997-09-09 1999-11-02 Sanford Acquisition Company Steering knuckle assembly with lubrication system
US6257795B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2001-07-10 Clinton Byron Stroh Connection between a tie rod linkage and a steering knuckle arm
FR2818195A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-21 Meritor Heavy Vehicle Tech INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION WITH SOCKET BLOCK
US20070138754A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-21 Jeffrey Moreau Live spindle design for heavy duty steer axle
US20090003743A1 (en) * 2007-06-26 2009-01-01 Roller Bearing Company Of America, Inc. Bearing for kingpin or other shaft assembly
US20100066047A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2010-03-18 Adleman Jacob C Dual taper knuckle and dual taper adapter sleeve
US7815203B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2010-10-19 Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group, Llc Dual taper knuckle and dual taper adapter sleeve
US20110181101A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Wheel assembly with bearing cap having a seal
US8146930B2 (en) * 2010-01-25 2012-04-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Wheel assembly with bearing cap having a seal
WO2013191630A1 (en) * 2012-06-21 2013-12-27 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
US9211908B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2015-12-15 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
WO2014120068A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-07 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
WO2014120069A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-07 Scania Cv Ab Steering spindle arrangement
US20180149189A1 (en) * 2015-06-02 2018-05-31 Terex Global Gmbh Pivot bearing assembly having a pivot pin and having at least one bearing block and assembly method therefor
US10781851B2 (en) * 2015-06-02 2020-09-22 Terex Global Gmbh Pivot bearing assembly having a pivot pin and having at least one bearing block and assembly method therefor
US20190256134A1 (en) * 2018-02-19 2019-08-22 Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group, Llc King-Pin Joint Assembly
US10793189B2 (en) * 2018-02-19 2020-10-06 Dana Heavy Vehicle Systems Group, Llc King-pin joint assembly
EP3539850A1 (en) * 2018-03-15 2019-09-18 Gigant-Trenkamp & Gehle GmbH Axle body comprising wheel support which can be steered using a swivel joint

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