US3477809A - Kaolin treatment - Google Patents
Kaolin treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3477809A US3477809A US606034A US3477809DA US3477809A US 3477809 A US3477809 A US 3477809A US 606034 A US606034 A US 606034A US 3477809D A US3477809D A US 3477809DA US 3477809 A US3477809 A US 3477809A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- clay
- fraction
- recovered
- kaolinite
- bleached
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
- C04B33/06—Rendering lime harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/30—Drying methods
Definitions
- a method for improving the whiteness, brightness and printability of kaolinite by the steps of forming a slurry of degritted crude clay, bleaching the clay with hydrosulfite bleach, attrition grinding the bleached clay, fractionating the ground clay to recover a fraction having more than 90% below 2n spherical dimeter, redispersing and selectively flocculating the recovered fraction at an alkaline pH, recovering the, flocculated portion, treating the recovered fiocculated portion with a peroxide bleaching agent at an elevated temperature, and drying the peroxide bleached fraction at an elevated temperature to provide a kaolinite product.
- This invention relates to kaolin treatment and particularly to a method of treating kaolinite to provide improved whiteness and printability for paper coatings.
- Large quantities of kaolinite are used for coating papers for printing to providehigh gloss and whiteness along with a superior surface for printing.
- the secondary kaolinites of Georgia which are the principal source of such material in the United States, have a generally lower whiteness index than the primary kaolinites of England.
- the Georgia clays are generally contaminated with a buff or yellow color resulting from iron and titanium impurities, as well as others, deposited with the kaolinite at the time of formation.
- Bleaching of kaolinites has been practiced for many years with limited success as have also certain floatation techniques designed to remove the titanium impurities. In general the methods used have been of limited utility or excessively expensive and complex.
- crude clay which has been degritted and bleached can be improved in both whiteness and printability by subjecting it to attrition grinding in a dispersed phase, fractionation to recover a fraction containing about 90% below two microns equivalent spherical diameter, redispersing the recovered fraction, selectively flocculating the redispersed fraction at an *alkaline pH, recovering the fiocculated fraction, treating the recovered fiocculated fraction with a peroxide bleaching agent at elevated temperature and drying at elevated temperature to break down any remaining fiocculateljPreferably, we selectively flocculate by the practice described in Rowland Patent No. 2,981,630.
- the preferred ⁇ selective fiocculant is 21 polyacrylamide such as Nalco 670.
- the peroxide bleaching agent is preferably hydrogen peroxide used in aqueous solution at a treating temperature of about 60 to 70 C.
- the resulting clay is finally dried at a temperature of about 90 0., although this temperature may vary somewhat depending upon the specific selective 3,477,809 Patented Nov. 11, 1969 fiocculating agent used.
- the grinding is carried out with Ceramedia.
- EXAMPLE I A crude kaolinite from the Sandersville, Ga., area was blunged in water with sodium hexametaphosphate (about 2% by weight) and degritted in the usual manner. A sample of the degritted kaolinite was bleached with sodium hydrpsulfite after acidification with H SO to a pH of about 3 to 3.5, filtered and washed. The bleached clay was 'then redispersed with sodium hexametaphosphate (about 1% by weight) and ground in a sand grinder. Following grinding the clay was fractioned by centrifuge to recover a fraction between CPS .09 and CPS .11 at 10 minutes.
- the recovered fraction was again dispersed with sodium hexametaphosphate (1% by weight) and the pH raised to about pH 8 with ammonia and diluted to about 10%? solids.
- To the slurry was added, with strong agitation, 10 ml. of a 0.25% solution of Nalco 670 per 100 mg. of clay.
- the precipitated or fiocculated fraction was recovered, heated to C. and hydrogen peroxide added (4% by weight of a 3% solution).
- the thus treated material was dried at C.
- the resulting material had a whiteness index of 11 as compared with 16 for a like clay fractionated bleached, and produced by usual procedures. This is comparable to good English primary clay.
- the feed was at a specific gravity of 1.164 and CPS of 1/.10, 3/.17, l0/.25 and 15/.27.
- the product has CPS values of 1/.10, 3/.15, 10/.22 and 15/25.
- the product was then fractionated by centrifuging on a Bird centrifuge to recover a product of 90% below 2 average spherical diameter.
- the recovered fraction was dispersed with 1% sodium hexametaphosphate and the pH raised to 8.3 with 10% ammonia and then diluted to 10% solids after which it was selectively fiocculated with Nalco 670.
- the flocgulated portion was recovered, slurried in water, flocculated to pH 3 with sulfuric acid, heated to 140 F., and ireated with about 4% of a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide.
- the resulting precipitate was recovered on a De Laval centrifuge and washed.
- the material was again heated to 140 F., treated with 2 lbs./ton zinc hydrosulfite and alum to a pH of 3.3, recovered on a De Laval centrifuge and dried at F.
- the method of providing a kaolinite of improved whiteness, brightness and printability comprising the steps of (a) forming a slurry of degritted crude clay,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,477,809 KAOLIN TREATMENT Wayne M. Bundy, Westfield, and Joseph P. Berberich, Rahway, NJ., assignors to Georgia Kaolin Company, Elizabeth, NJ. 1 No Drawing. Filed Dec. 30, 1966, Ser. No. 606,034
Int. Cl. C01b 33/26 US. Cl. 23110 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method is provided for improving the whiteness, brightness and printability of kaolinite by the steps of forming a slurry of degritted crude clay, bleaching the clay with hydrosulfite bleach, attrition grinding the bleached clay, fractionating the ground clay to recover a fraction having more than 90% below 2n spherical dimeter, redispersing and selectively flocculating the recovered fraction at an alkaline pH, recovering the, flocculated portion, treating the recovered fiocculated portion with a peroxide bleaching agent at an elevated temperature, and drying the peroxide bleached fraction at an elevated temperature to provide a kaolinite product.
This invention relates to kaolin treatment and particularly to a method of treating kaolinite to provide improved whiteness and printability for paper coatings. Large quantities of kaolinite are used for coating papers for printing to providehigh gloss and whiteness along with a superior surface for printing. It is well known in the trade that the secondary kaolinites of Georgia, which are the principal source of such material in the United States, have a generally lower whiteness index than the primary kaolinites of England. The Georgia clays are generally contaminated with a buff or yellow color resulting from iron and titanium impurities, as well as others, deposited with the kaolinite at the time of formation. Bleaching of kaolinites has been practiced for many years with limited success as have also certain floatation techniques designed to remove the titanium impurities. In general the methods used have been of limited utility or excessively expensive and complex.
We have discovered a process of treating clay which improves both the whiteness and printability to a degree equal to any and superior to most prior art techniques and by steps which are simpler and less expensive.
We have found that crude clay which has been degritted and bleached can be improved in both whiteness and printability by subjecting it to attrition grinding in a dispersed phase, fractionation to recover a fraction containing about 90% below two microns equivalent spherical diameter, redispersing the recovered fraction, selectively flocculating the redispersed fraction at an *alkaline pH, recovering the fiocculated fraction, treating the recovered fiocculated fraction with a peroxide bleaching agent at elevated temperature and drying at elevated temperature to break down any remaining fiocculateljPreferably, we selectively flocculate by the practice described in Rowland Patent No. 2,981,630. The preferred {selective fiocculant is 21 polyacrylamide such as Nalco 670. The peroxide bleaching agent is preferably hydrogen peroxide used in aqueous solution at a treating temperature of about 60 to 70 C. The resulting clay is finally dried at a temperature of about 90 0., although this temperature may vary somewhat depending upon the specific selective 3,477,809 Patented Nov. 11, 1969 fiocculating agent used. Preferably the grinding is carried out with Ceramedia.
The invention may perhaps be better understood by reference to the following examples.
EXAMPLE I A crude kaolinite from the Sandersville, Ga., area was blunged in water with sodium hexametaphosphate (about 2% by weight) and degritted in the usual manner. A sample of the degritted kaolinite was bleached with sodium hydrpsulfite after acidification with H SO to a pH of about 3 to 3.5, filtered and washed. The bleached clay was 'then redispersed with sodium hexametaphosphate (about 1% by weight) and ground in a sand grinder. Following grinding the clay was fractioned by centrifuge to recover a fraction between CPS .09 and CPS .11 at 10 minutes. The recovered fraction was again dispersed with sodium hexametaphosphate (1% by weight) and the pH raised to about pH 8 with ammonia and diluted to about 10%? solids. To the slurry was added, with strong agitation, 10 ml. of a 0.25% solution of Nalco 670 per 100 mg. of clay. The precipitated or fiocculated fraction was recovered, heated to C. and hydrogen peroxide added (4% by weight of a 3% solution). The thus treated material was dried at C. The resulting material had a whiteness index of 11 as compared with 16 for a like clay fractionated bleached, and produced by usual procedures. This is comparable to good English primary clay.
EXAMPLE. II
In a pilot plant operation a Georgia kaolinite was blunged with 4.5 lbs. per ton of a mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodaash (SO-50) and degritted. A batch of 3.4 tons of this degritted kaolinite was heated to F., bleached with 10 lbs'./ ton of zinc hydrosulfite and iron free alum to a pH of 3.5 and allowed to stand for one hour. The kaolinite was rinsed with water and redispersed with 0.3% of sodium hexametaphosphate. The dispersed clay was then ground. on an attrition grinder at 132 r.p.m. and a feed rate of 10 g.p.m. The feed was at a specific gravity of 1.164 and CPS of 1/.10, 3/.17, l0/.25 and 15/.27. The product has CPS values of 1/.10, 3/.15, 10/.22 and 15/25. The product was then fractionated by centrifuging on a Bird centrifuge to recover a product of 90% below 2 average spherical diameter. The recovered fraction was dispersed with 1% sodium hexametaphosphate and the pH raised to 8.3 with 10% ammonia and then diluted to 10% solids after which it was selectively fiocculated with Nalco 670. The flocgulated portion was recovered, slurried in water, flocculated to pH 3 with sulfuric acid, heated to 140 F., and ireated with about 4% of a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide. The resulting precipitate was recovered on a De Laval centrifuge and washed. The material was again heated to 140 F., treated with 2 lbs./ton zinc hydrosulfite and alum to a pH of 3.3, recovered on a De Laval centrifuge and dried at F. The brightness of the We claim:
1. The method of providing a kaolinite of improved whiteness, brightness and printability comprising the steps of (a) forming a slurry of degritted crude clay,
(b) bleaching the clay with a hydrosulfite bleach,
(c) subjecting the bleached clay to attrition grinding,
(d) fractionating the ground clay to recover a fraction having more than 90% below 2;]. spherical diameter,
(e) redispersing and selectively flocculating the recovered fraction at an alkaline pH,
(f) recovering the flocculated portion,
(g) treating the recovered fiocculated portion with a peroxide bleaching agent at an elevated temperature, and
(h) drying the peroxide bleached fraction at an elevated temperature.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the peroxide bleached clay is further treated with a hydrosulfite bleaching agent at an acid pH prior to drying.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the se- 4 lective flocculation is carried out by the addition of a polyacrylamide.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the peroxide bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the attrition grinding is carried out in a sand grinder.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,588,956 6/1926 Feldenheimer 23-l10 2,524,816 10/1950 Lyons 23-110 2,955,051 10/1960 Maloney 23110 X 2,981,630 4/1961 Rowland 23- 110 X OTHER REFERENCES .Mitchell et al.: Soil Science, vol. 77 (1954), pp. 173483.
EDWARD J. MEROS, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X. R. 106--72
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US60603466A | 1966-12-30 | 1966-12-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3477809A true US3477809A (en) | 1969-11-11 |
Family
ID=24426238
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US606034A Expired - Lifetime US3477809A (en) | 1966-12-30 | 1966-12-30 | Kaolin treatment |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3477809A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5240917B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE1646565B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1549125A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1186117A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3661515A (en) * | 1970-05-18 | 1972-05-09 | Huber Corp J M | Method of brightening kaolin clay by removing organic contaminants |
JPS4951181A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1974-05-17 | ||
US4045235A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1977-08-30 | English Clavs Lovering Pochin & Company, Limited | Treatment of clay minerals |
US4122163A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1978-10-24 | Indiana University Foundation | Dentifrice preparation comprising purified, calcined kaolin abrasives |
DE3132841A1 (en) * | 1980-10-22 | 1982-06-03 | Penntech Papers, Inc., 10016 New York, N.Y. | FINE PAPER AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3317333A1 (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1983-11-17 | English Clays Lovering Pochin & Co. Ltd., St. Austell, Cornwall | METHOD FOR TREATING BENTONITE |
US5685900A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-11-11 | Ecc International Inc. | Method for beneficiating discolored kaolin to produce high brightness coating clay |
US20030141224A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-07-31 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Integrated process for simultaneous beneficiation, leaching, and dewatering of kaolin clay suspension |
US6615987B1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2003-09-09 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Method of treating an aqueous suspension of kaolin |
EP1686104A1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-02 | Companhia Vale Do Rio Doce | A method for processing fine kaolin |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3857781A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1974-12-31 | Huber Corp J M | Method of rapid differential flocculation of tio{11 from kaolin slurries |
DE19530062C2 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1998-10-15 | Dorfner Gmbh & Co Kaolin Und K | Process for the production of brightened minerals |
US7147873B2 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2006-12-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1588956A (en) * | 1924-08-07 | 1926-06-15 | Feldenheimer William | Treatment of clay |
US2524816A (en) * | 1946-02-21 | 1950-10-10 | Bird Machine Co | Method of improving kaolin and products thereof |
US2955051A (en) * | 1956-08-27 | 1960-10-04 | Mabel O Maloney | Treatment of clays and clay products produced thereby |
US2981630A (en) * | 1951-04-26 | 1961-04-25 | Georgia Kaolin Co | Clay products and fractionation treatment of heterogeneous aggregates such as clay |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR679363A (en) * | 1928-12-11 | 1930-04-11 | Clay treatment process | |
US3001852A (en) * | 1959-05-22 | 1961-09-26 | Georgia Kaolin Co | Clay bleaching |
US3043707A (en) * | 1960-03-25 | 1962-07-10 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Method of bleaching clay and improved clay product |
-
1966
- 1966-12-30 US US606034A patent/US3477809A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1967
- 1967-12-22 GB GB58539/67A patent/GB1186117A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-12-28 JP JP42084007A patent/JPS5240917B1/ja active Pending
- 1967-12-29 FR FR1549125D patent/FR1549125A/fr not_active Expired
- 1967-12-30 DE DE19671646565 patent/DE1646565B1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1588956A (en) * | 1924-08-07 | 1926-06-15 | Feldenheimer William | Treatment of clay |
US2524816A (en) * | 1946-02-21 | 1950-10-10 | Bird Machine Co | Method of improving kaolin and products thereof |
US2981630A (en) * | 1951-04-26 | 1961-04-25 | Georgia Kaolin Co | Clay products and fractionation treatment of heterogeneous aggregates such as clay |
US2955051A (en) * | 1956-08-27 | 1960-10-04 | Mabel O Maloney | Treatment of clays and clay products produced thereby |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3661515A (en) * | 1970-05-18 | 1972-05-09 | Huber Corp J M | Method of brightening kaolin clay by removing organic contaminants |
JPS4951181A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1974-05-17 | ||
US4045235A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1977-08-30 | English Clavs Lovering Pochin & Company, Limited | Treatment of clay minerals |
US4122163A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1978-10-24 | Indiana University Foundation | Dentifrice preparation comprising purified, calcined kaolin abrasives |
DE3132841A1 (en) * | 1980-10-22 | 1982-06-03 | Penntech Papers, Inc., 10016 New York, N.Y. | FINE PAPER AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3317333A1 (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1983-11-17 | English Clays Lovering Pochin & Co. Ltd., St. Austell, Cornwall | METHOD FOR TREATING BENTONITE |
US5685900A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-11-11 | Ecc International Inc. | Method for beneficiating discolored kaolin to produce high brightness coating clay |
US6615987B1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2003-09-09 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Method of treating an aqueous suspension of kaolin |
US20030141224A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-07-31 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Integrated process for simultaneous beneficiation, leaching, and dewatering of kaolin clay suspension |
US7122080B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-10-17 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Integrated process for simultaneous beneficiation, leaching, and dewatering of kaolin clay suspension |
EP1686104A1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-02 | Companhia Vale Do Rio Doce | A method for processing fine kaolin |
US20060186024A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-24 | Criscuolo Paulo S R | Method for processing fine kaolin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1186117A (en) | 1970-04-02 |
JPS5240917B1 (en) | 1977-10-14 |
FR1549125A (en) | 1968-12-06 |
DE1646565B1 (en) | 1971-10-28 |
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