US3473982A - Nitrocellulose explosive containing a charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture - Google Patents
Nitrocellulose explosive containing a charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3473982A US3473982A US709839A US3473982DA US3473982A US 3473982 A US3473982 A US 3473982A US 709839 A US709839 A US 709839A US 3473982D A US3473982D A US 3473982DA US 3473982 A US3473982 A US 3473982A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- charcoal
- mixture
- nitrocellulose
- explosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 75
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 title description 20
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011233 carbonaceous binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RFVVBBUVWAIIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium nitrate Chemical compound [Be+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O RFVVBBUVWAIIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ALOUNLDAKADEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sebacate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ALOUNLDAKADEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUAMCNNWODGSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dinitrooxybutyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QUAMCNNWODGSJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrodiphenylamine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical class CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUXIBTJKHLUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl succinate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCCC YUXIBTJKHLUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N centralite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002097 dibutylsuccinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940014772 dimethyl sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSPBAVGTJNAVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(OCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 JSPBAVGTJNAVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOTNYLSAWDQNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC1=CC=CC=C1 BOTNYLSAWDQNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0075—Shaping the mixture by extrusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/10—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitroglycerine
- C06B25/12—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitroglycerine with other nitrated organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/04—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved explosive compositions and to a method of manufacturing-said compositions. More particularly, the present invention concerns explosive compositions which exhibit a high detonating activity and reaction velocity and therefore are useful, for example, in propellant charges, primer charges, igniting charges, and the like.
- Black powder which is basically a mixture of saltpeter (potassium nitrate), carbon and sulfur, is characterized by good ignitability, a constant igniting capacity and a uniform burning consumption. It is well known in the prior art that nitrocellulose can be mixed with black powder to produce an explosive composition which is capable of generating a greater amount of gas and heat than that generated by black powder alone, While maintaining all of the other aforementioned advantages characteristics of black powder.
- this mixture of nitrocellulose and black powder has many disadvantages, which include, for example, the undesirable influence of the sulfur contained in the black powder on the stability of nitrocellulose at higher temperatures, say over 100 C., the formation of toxic sulfur reaction products, particularly hydrogen sulfide, during the burning of the black powder in the presence of nitrocellulose, which may involve considerable danger depending upon its place of use, and further the causing of heavy fouling on breech mechanisms and other firing components when black powder is fired as a mixture with nitrocellulose.
- An object of the present invention is to produce an improved explosive composition which exhibits a high detonating activity and reaction velocity and therefore is useful in propellant charges, primer or detonating charges, igniting charges, and the like.
- a further object of the present invention is to produce an explosive composition which has all of the advantages of black powder and mixtures of black powder with nitrocellulose while substantially eliminating the disadvantages.
- a still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for manufacturing the explosive composition of the present invention.
- Another object of the present invention is to produce an explosive composition which exhibits improved stability at high temperatures, the substantial elimination of the formation of toxic sulfur reaction products while the explosive is being consumed, and an overall improvement in the operation of firing and breech mechanisms.
- the explosive composition of the present invention exhibits only a minor mechanical strength since the granules formed of saltpeter and charcoal therein, constituting a sulfur-free powder with specific properties, are adhered to each other only slightly by the nitrocellulose.
- the explosive compositions or detonating charge of the present invention exhibits a substantially higher detonating activity as Well as a higher reaction velocity.
- the advantage of using charcoal as compared to other carbon carriers, for example carbon black, is based on the high content of volatile components in the charcoal which exert an accelerating effect upon the reaction of the mixture.
- One of the features of the present invention resides in the fact that the nitrates (oxidizer) which are employed are first mixed and combined separately with the charcoal as a carbonaceous binder, and are manufactured in the form of a finely particulate, accurately dimensioned product, and are thereafter kneaded together with the alcohol-moist nitrocellulose to form a plastic mass.
- the specific properties of the gun powder are particularly apparent, in addition to the specific properties of nitrocellulose, that is a hot flame and a high amount of gas.
- the amount of nitrocellulose present with the charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture to form the explosive composition of the present invention will vary depending upon the particular use for which it is intended.
- the explosive composition of the present invention will contain about 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 50% by weight, of nitrocellulose and about 80 to 20% by weight, preferably about 70 to 50% by weight, of the charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture.
- the charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture may contain about 5 to 30% by weight of the charcoal binder and about 95 to 70% by weight of the oxidizer. More particularly, the binder is present in an amount of about to by weight and the oxidizer is an amount of about 90 to 75% by weight.
- the carbonaceous binder used in the present invention is limited to charcoal.
- the advantage of using charcoal as compared to other carbon carriers, e.g. carbon black is based on the high content of volatile components in the charcoal which exerts an accelerating effect upon the reaction of the mixture.
- the oxidizer employed in the composition of the present invention can be any of the inorganic nitrates such as, for example, ammonium nitrate, and nitrates of the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, strontium nitrate and beryllium nitrate.
- the oxidizers potassium nitrate is preferred. Effective results can also be obtained with mixtures of any one of the above nitrates, for example, a mixture of sodium nitrate with ammonium nitrate.
- the amount of oxidizer used will vary depending upon the sensitivity and explosive elfect desired, and these in turn are dependent upon the particular nitrate or nitrates used. Because of the high oxidizer content and the use of charcoal, the explosive composition of the present invention has a substantially higher detonating activity and reaction velocity than compositions using small amounts of oxidizer and carbonaceous binders other than charcoal.
- the explosive compositions of the present invention can be mixed with various adjuvants such as solvents, plasticizers, stabilizers, ballistic modifiers, and the like.
- suitable solvents include organic alcohols, such as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, tertiary-butyl alcohol, alkoxy alcohols, such as diethyline glycol, phenol, etc.; ethers, such as for example, ethyl ether, tertiarybutyl methyl ether, benzyl phenyl ether, etc.; ketones, such as for example, acetones, ethylmethyl ketone, diphenyl ketone, etc.; esters such as for example, butyl acetate and isopropyl acetate, and various other hydrocarbons including, for example, benzene and toluene.
- plasticizers which can also act as solvents and energizing modifiers are added to the explosive composition of the present invention.
- plasticizers include nitroglycerin, butane triol trinitrate, ethylene glycol dinitrate and the like. These materials may be mixed with one or more miscible deterrents, such as, butyl phthalate, dimethylsebacate, dibutyl succinate, dibutyl adipate, triacetin, ethyl diphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, and the like.
- the preferred plasticizer is nitroglycerin which is advantageously present in an amount up to about 1% by weight.
- Suitable stabilizing agents include diphenylamine, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, the centralites and many others. Other ingredients, such as dioctylphathalate, lead stearate, red lead, dinitrotoluene, and the like, may be incorporated in the explosive composition of the present invention to obtain particular ballistic properties, as desired.
- the explosive mixture of the present invention is readily prepared by mixing the ingredients in a particular manner.
- the charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture is in a finely granulated form before it is kneaded together with the nitrocellulose to form a plastic mass.
- the amount of solvent which can be used in the explosive composition of the present invention will vary, depending upon, for example, the amount of plasticizer present and also upon the desired consistency of the mixture, which can vary from a gelled oil or thick, barely pourable mixture, to a quick-flowing liquid.
- the ratio of the solvent to the explosive composition for example, can range from about 1 to l to about 20 to 1, and even higher, preferably about 3 to 1 to about 15 to 1.
- the explosive composition is prepared in gelatinous sheet form.
- Gelatinization is effected by rolling the explosive mixture with heat rolls, supplemented by intermediate kneading.
- the resulting sheet can then be inserted into an extruding dye where the composition may be extruded by conventional extrusion techniques.
- a typical method for producing suitable grains from explosive compositions is an extrusion technique in which the explosive composition, in a flowable form is introduced into a hopper and the product extruded by screw extrusion into suitable grains. The extruded product can then be cut into the desired length and dried.
- Example I 2.8 kg. of nitrocellulose, moistened with ethyl alcohol, is kneaded with 2-3 liters of ethyl ether. Thereafter, 4.2 kg. of a mixture of potassium nitrate and charcoal, consisting of by weight of potassium nitrate and 20% by weight of charcoal, is added and the resultant mix is kneaded for about two hours. During the kneading procedure, 1% by weight of dibutyl phthalate (plasticizer) and 1% by weight of acardite (stabilizer) are added. The mass, kneaded into a compressible condition, is pressed through a nozzle, cut into pieces of desired length and dried.
- plasticizer dibutyl phthalate
- acardite stabilizer
- EXAMPLE II 2.1 kg. of nitrocellulose, moistened with ethyl alcohol, is kneaded with 22.5 liters of ethyl ether. Then, 4.9 kg. of a mixture of potassium nitrate and charcoal, the latter being in an extremely fine particulate form, containing about 75 by weight of potassium nitrate and 25% by weight of charcoal, as well as 1% by weight of acardite II and about 1% by weight of nitroglycerin are added and the resultant mix is kneaded for about two hours to form a compressible mass. The kneaded mass is pressed through a nozzle, cut into the desired length and dried.
- Acardite II is a urea derivative, similar to centralite, but having one less ethyl residue. The structural formula thereof is We claim:
- An explosive composition which comprises about 20 to 80% by weight nitrocellulose and about 80 to 20% by weight of a charcoal binder-inorganic nitrate oxidizer salt mixture, said mixture containing about 5 to 30% by weight of the charcoal binder and about to 70% by weight of the oxidizer.
- composition of claim 1, wherein the oxidizer is potassium nitrate.
- composition of claim 1 wherein the explosive composition also contains a solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, and mixtures thereof.
- composition of claim 3 wherein the solvent is a mixture of ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether.
- composition of claim 1 wherein the explosive mixture contains up to about 1% by weight of a plasticizer.
- composition of claim 5 wherein the plasticizer is nitroglycerin.
- An explosive composition comprising about to by Weight nitrocellulose and about to 50% by weight of a charcoal binder inorganic nitrate oxidizer salt mixture, said mixture containing about 10 to 25% by weight of the charcoal, and about to by weight of the oxidizer and up to about 1% by weight of nitroglycerin.
- composition of claim 7, wherein the plasticizer is nitroglycerin.
- composition of claim 8 wherein the explosive composition also contains a solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether.
- a process for producing an explosive composition which comprises mixing about 5 to 30% by weight, of a charcoal binder with about to 70% by weight oi an inorganic nitrate oxidizer salt to form a finely particulate, accurately dimentioned product, adding about 20 to 80% by Weight of nitrocellulose, which has been previously moistened with ethyl alcohol and kneaded with ethyl ether, to about 80 to 20% by weight of said particulate product kneading the mixture until an extrudable consistency is obtained, extruding the resulting composition, cutting the extruded product into the desired length, and drying the extruded product.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DED0048033 | 1965-08-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3473982A true US3473982A (en) | 1969-10-21 |
Family
ID=7050853
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US709839A Expired - Lifetime US3473982A (en) | 1965-08-21 | 1968-03-01 | Nitrocellulose explosive containing a charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3473982A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE685750A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH481029A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (2) | DE1446919A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FI (1) | FI46371C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1155323A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IL (1) | IL26356A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| LU (1) | LU51752A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL6611746A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3873517A (en) * | 1974-01-17 | 1975-03-25 | Us Navy | Modified nitrocellulose particles |
| US3919013A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1975-11-11 | Hercules Inc | Use of graphite fibers to augment propellant burning rate |
| US4824008A (en) * | 1986-09-16 | 1989-04-25 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Surface bonding of ceramic bodies |
| US5670098A (en) * | 1996-08-20 | 1997-09-23 | Thiokol Corporation | Black powder processing on twin-screw extruder |
| US6591752B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-07-15 | Trw Inc. | Ignition material for an igniter |
| WO2003038014A3 (en) * | 2000-11-18 | 2003-10-02 | Warren O Fey | Fuel for energetic compositions comprising caramel color bodies |
| BE1029008B1 (de) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-08-17 | Univ Anhui Sci & Technology | Sprengladungsstruktur |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4301794C1 (de) * | 1993-01-23 | 1994-05-26 | Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh | Airbag-Gasgenerator mit einem Selbstzündmittel |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1627694A (en) * | 1921-02-23 | 1927-05-10 | U S F Powder Company | Smokeless explosive powder |
| US3282751A (en) * | 1965-01-27 | 1966-11-01 | Joseph B Quinlan | High strength nitrocellulose propellant |
-
0
- DE DENDAT1302998D patent/DE1302998B/de active Pending
-
1965
- 1965-08-21 DE DE19651446919 patent/DE1446919A1/de active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-06-28 FI FI661720A patent/FI46371C/fi active
- 1966-08-11 LU LU51752A patent/LU51752A1/xx unknown
- 1966-08-15 CH CH1174266A patent/CH481029A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-08-18 IL IL26356A patent/IL26356A/xx unknown
- 1966-08-19 GB GB37382/66A patent/GB1155323A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-08-19 NL NL6611746A patent/NL6611746A/xx unknown
- 1966-08-19 BE BE685750D patent/BE685750A/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-03-01 US US709839A patent/US3473982A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1627694A (en) * | 1921-02-23 | 1927-05-10 | U S F Powder Company | Smokeless explosive powder |
| US3282751A (en) * | 1965-01-27 | 1966-11-01 | Joseph B Quinlan | High strength nitrocellulose propellant |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3919013A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1975-11-11 | Hercules Inc | Use of graphite fibers to augment propellant burning rate |
| US3873517A (en) * | 1974-01-17 | 1975-03-25 | Us Navy | Modified nitrocellulose particles |
| US4824008A (en) * | 1986-09-16 | 1989-04-25 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Surface bonding of ceramic bodies |
| US5670098A (en) * | 1996-08-20 | 1997-09-23 | Thiokol Corporation | Black powder processing on twin-screw extruder |
| WO2003038014A3 (en) * | 2000-11-18 | 2003-10-02 | Warren O Fey | Fuel for energetic compositions comprising caramel color bodies |
| US6591752B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-07-15 | Trw Inc. | Ignition material for an igniter |
| BE1029008B1 (de) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-08-17 | Univ Anhui Sci & Technology | Sprengladungsstruktur |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE685750A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-02-01 |
| DE1302998B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| IL26356A (en) | 1970-09-17 |
| FI46371C (fi) | 1973-03-12 |
| CH481029A (de) | 1969-11-15 |
| GB1155323A (en) | 1969-06-18 |
| LU51752A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1966-10-11 |
| NL6611746A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-02-22 |
| FI46371B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-11-30 |
| DE1446919A1 (de) | 1968-11-28 |
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