US3473097A - Ionized gas electrostatic copyboard - Google Patents

Ionized gas electrostatic copyboard Download PDF

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Publication number
US3473097A
US3473097A US761426A US3473097DA US3473097A US 3473097 A US3473097 A US 3473097A US 761426 A US761426 A US 761426A US 3473097D A US3473097D A US 3473097DA US 3473097 A US3473097 A US 3473097A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
panel
copyboard
electrostatic
wire
dielectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US761426A
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English (en)
Inventor
Guy F Barnett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Simco Co Inc
Original Assignee
Simco Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Simco Co Inc filed Critical Simco Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3473097A publication Critical patent/US3473097A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/60—Apparatus which relate to the handling of originals
    • G03G15/605—Holders for originals or exposure platens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/02—Exposure apparatus for contact printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
    • G03B27/52—Details
    • G03B27/62—Holders for the original
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
    • G03B27/52—Details
    • G03B27/62—Holders for the original
    • G03B27/6207—Holders for the original in copying cameras
    • G03B27/6214—Copy boards

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrostatic holding devices and more particularly relates to electrostatic copyholders, such as are commonly used for holding articles, sheets and film preparatory to photographing and/or xerographmg.
  • a backlighted copyboard is one in which light is directed from the rear of the copyholder and through the work supporting panel so as to illuminate semitransparent articles, such yas photographic or X-ray film, or to perform reproduction operations through a transparent plate, such as in photographic printers or Xerographic copiers.
  • Initial attempts to incorporate la transparent conductive coating upon a transparent dielectric plate have resulted in failures because of the tendency for the coating to break down and erode from the high voltage applied.
  • Wire mesh screens which have previously been used as a conductive plate for the high voltages interfered considerably with the light transmission characteristics through the front plate and, in addition, cast shadows upon or obscured the characters or indicia on the articles or sheets to be reproduced.
  • liquids such as water or other solutions were employed as the transparent conductive member in abutment with the dielectric work supporting panel, considerable sealing problems arose because of the pressures developed by the hydraulic heads, especially when the copyboards weer placed in upright position.
  • the present invention overcomes all of the foregoing problems and diiculties through the use of a single fine wire or a selected minimum number of fine wires which ⁇ are formed into a network or reticle of any desired pattern wherein the areas between adjacent wires are extremely large (inches) as compared to the wire diameter (1 or 2 mils).
  • the wire network is adjacently air spaced from a dielectric panel or gas encapsulated in spaced dis- 3,473,097 Patented Oct. 14, 1969 ICC position from a dielectric work supporting panel or between a pair of such panels separated from each other by a gap.
  • a high D.C. voltage applied to the wire network creates a corona discharge from the fine wire, which acts as an innite number of points and causes the gas to become conductive.
  • the gas ions which are created are deposited on the adjacent surfaces of the dielectric panel as well as on surfaces remote from the wires whereby the surfaces become charged nominally to the same voltage as that imposed on the wire network.
  • an article placed in abutment with the front working surface can be made to electrostatically adhere thereto.
  • the wire used is extremely fine, approximately 2 mils or less, and since they are spaced from each other by a relatively large distance, approximately 2 inches, they are essentially invisible and do not materially interfere in any appreciable way with transparency or translucency of the dielectric panels themselves.
  • Hot gas such as air, can be directed through the channel between two adjacently spaced dielectric panels or against the work supporting panel so as to heat and drive off any film of moisture which might otherwise diminish the surface resistivity of the working surface and interfere with adhesion.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an electrostatic copyboard in which electrostatic adhesion is produced solely by the creation of gas ions from a high voltage wire network interposed in spaced disposition from the rear surface of a dielectric working panel.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an electrostatic copyboard which utilizes a gas as the charging medium because of its ability to be heated and circulated against the dielectric working panel so as to drive off moisture which might otherwise reduce surface resistivity and interfere with adhesion.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide an ionized gas activated electrostatic copyboard.
  • Yet still another object of this invention is to provide an electrostatic copyboard in which there are no sealing problems.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of an ionized gas actuated electrostatic copyboard embodying this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2 2 of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of a IStringing element Ifor supporting a network of corona discharge wires in the gas space.
  • FIGURE 4 is a plan view of the copyboard showing one pattern of Stringing the wire network.
  • FIGURE 5 is a sectional view taken along lines 5-5 of FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 6 is a plan view of another mode for Stringing the wire network.
  • FIGURE 7 is a plan view of still another manner of Stringing the wire network in the electrostatic copyboard.
  • FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a modified [form of the ionized gas electrostatic copyholder in which hot airis circulated in the interspace.
  • FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of the electrostatic copyboard in which the front surface is heated by a radiant panel.
  • an ionized gas electrostatic copyholder which comprises a first dielectric panel A, a second dielectric panel B spaced from the first panel, a conductive wire network C strung in spaced disposition between the interior faces of the front and rear panels, and a high voltage D C. generator D connected to the wire network.
  • front and rear panels A and B can be of any insulative composition, it is preferable t utilize glass because its volume resistively lies in a desirable range as compared to most plastic materials. In addition, for trans.- parent materials, glass has a higher resistance to scratching than plastic compositions, such as acetates, vinyl or acrylic polymeric substances.
  • the panels A and B can either be opaque, translucent or transparent. For example, where backlighting, one can use a translucent panel for diffused light as in X-ray viewing. Similarly a transparent panel may be employed for photographic printing or xerographic copying.
  • the two panels A and B which are in most arrangements identical in plan configuration are held in spaced disposition from each other 'by an annular insulative frame 12, in this case of rectangular design. However, any peripheral outline may be employed depending upon the needs of the user or the orientation of the exterior panels.
  • a conductive comb-like member 14 is secured about the inner periphery of the annular frame 12 by means of suitable mounting screws 16.
  • the comb 14 is preferably in strip form for convenience in cutting to length and of Phosphor bronze cornposition for both resilience and conductivity.
  • a plurality of claw-like fingers 15 project from the strip and define hooks which permit the wire network to be strung in any configuration. As is apparent, a single wire may 'be stretched from fingers 15 extending from comb strips 14 at opposite and/or adjacent portions of the annular member 12.
  • the network C constitutes a single wire which extends in a series of equiangular diagonal lines between the upper and lower comb strips 14.
  • the wire is preferably 2 mil stainless steel for resistance to corrosion, strength and conductivity, and it is held in a plane which is approximately one-half inch from the interior surfaces of the panels A and B. In this embodiment, the lateral strips 14 are not utilized.
  • a network Cl is illustrated in which the wire is strung in a plurality of spaced parallel lines in rectangular orientation between the upper and lower comb members 14. The spacing of the wire is regular and equal and extends across the entire exposed area of the board in increments of perhaps two inches.
  • FIGURE 6 there is shown a network pattern C2 in 'which the design constitutes a vseries of irregular diagonal lines adjacent the right and left margins with a clear space in the medial portion.
  • the network comprises a latticed pattern C3 arranged with rectilinearly crossing Wires at the margins and extending about a clear zone at the central portion.
  • wire networks can be utilized depending upon the needs of the ultimate user and his adhesion requirements.
  • the wire network C When the wire network C is suitably coupled to the hot side of a positive or negative high voltage generator, nominally rated at 5,000 to 15,000 volts at 2 milliamperes, the relatively small diameter wire acts as though it were an infinite number of points or point sources. Accordingly, the corona discharge from these plural wire point sources causes the gas to ionize in the space between the wire network C and the interior faces of the panels A and B. That is, gasses, such as air, nitrogen, argon and the like, are made conductive by the high intensity electric field at the fine wires.
  • gasses such as air, nitrogen, argon and the like
  • the interior gap between the panels A and B is coupled to a hot air blower E.
  • the blower E comprises a casing ⁇ 20 having a fan 22 therein.
  • the fan 22 directs air across a series of heating elements 24 through an inlet duct 26 formed in the annular frame 12 'between the two dielectric panels A and B.
  • the air from the gap exists through outlet duct 28 back into the casing 20 where the fan 22 recirculates the air across the heating elements 24.
  • moisture tends to form a relatively conductive film upon the surface of the dielectric panel.
  • the heated air caused evaporation of this film of moiseture from the working surfaces of the dielectric panels so as to eliminate its shielding effect.
  • raising the temperature of the dielectric panels A and B maintains the holding strength of the copyboard in the presence of high ambient humidity.
  • FIGURE 9 the front surface of panel A is heated by a radiant panel 30 which evaporates the film of moisture directly rather than through the panel from the interior.
  • a lamp 32 is illustrated to represent the backlighting arrangement, the higher voltage D.C. generator D again being coupled to the wire network.
  • a sheet 34 of paper is being electrostatically adhered tothe front surface of the panel A.
  • the instant invention resides primarily in the use of a fine wire network to which a high voltage D.C. is connected for producing gas ions in the adjacent space, the ions of like polarity being deposited upon an adjacent dielectric panel which effectively becomes charged to the same voltage as the D C. generator.
  • An electrostatic copyholder comprising a dieelectric panel including a front working surface thereon, a network of relatively fine wires adjacently spaced from the rear surface of said dielectric panel with a gas gap therebetween, and means for applying a D C. high voltage to said wire network whereby gas ions produced 'by corona discharge from said wires will be deposited on the rear surface of said dielectric panel so that articles placed in abutment with the front working surface are adapted to adhere thereto by electrostatic attraction.
  • the copyholder of claim 1 including a second dielectric panel adjacently spaced from said wire network with a second gas gap therebetween, the exterior face of said second dielectric panel defining another working surface against which articles are adapted to adhere thereto by electrostatic attraction.
  • the copyholder of claim 2 including means to heat the dielectric panels.
  • the copyholder of claim 3 wherein the means to heat comprises means to circulate hot gas in the gap between the panels.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
US761426A 1968-09-23 1968-09-23 Ionized gas electrostatic copyboard Expired - Lifetime US3473097A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US76142668A 1968-09-23 1968-09-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3473097A true US3473097A (en) 1969-10-14

Family

ID=25062141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US761426A Expired - Lifetime US3473097A (en) 1968-09-23 1968-09-23 Ionized gas electrostatic copyboard

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3473097A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE736783A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH496970A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1942408B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2018623A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1225479A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL140996B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE345020B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614562A (en) * 1969-10-14 1971-10-19 Testone Electrostatics Corp Laminating apparatus and method
US3695303A (en) * 1970-01-16 1972-10-03 Donald P Dunn Hand loom and combination display device
US3707828A (en) * 1970-06-24 1973-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Precipitator cell
US5413150A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-05-09 Townsend; Irving Frame with clip type yarn holder

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0288613A1 (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-11-02 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Electrostatic holder

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2742814A (en) * 1952-02-16 1956-04-24 Western Electric Co Electrostatic copy holder
US2834132A (en) * 1954-12-14 1958-05-13 American Type Founders Co Inc Electrostatic applying and holding device
US3273301A (en) * 1963-08-28 1966-09-20 Grace W R & Co Method and apparatus for wrapping and package produced
US3289060A (en) * 1966-11-29 Electrical deflection op raindrops
US3359469A (en) * 1964-04-23 1967-12-19 Simco Co Inc Electrostatic pinning method and copyboard

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3289060A (en) * 1966-11-29 Electrical deflection op raindrops
US2742814A (en) * 1952-02-16 1956-04-24 Western Electric Co Electrostatic copy holder
US2834132A (en) * 1954-12-14 1958-05-13 American Type Founders Co Inc Electrostatic applying and holding device
US3273301A (en) * 1963-08-28 1966-09-20 Grace W R & Co Method and apparatus for wrapping and package produced
US3359469A (en) * 1964-04-23 1967-12-19 Simco Co Inc Electrostatic pinning method and copyboard

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614562A (en) * 1969-10-14 1971-10-19 Testone Electrostatics Corp Laminating apparatus and method
US3695303A (en) * 1970-01-16 1972-10-03 Donald P Dunn Hand loom and combination display device
US3707828A (en) * 1970-06-24 1973-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Precipitator cell
US5413150A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-05-09 Townsend; Irving Frame with clip type yarn holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2018623A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-26
NL140996B (nl) 1974-01-15
CH496970A (de) 1970-09-30
BE736783A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-31
GB1225479A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-17
NL6912681A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-25
DE1942408B1 (de) 1970-10-15
SE345020B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-08

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