US3472741A - Method of manufacturing metal articles by electroforming - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing metal articles by electroforming Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3472741A US3472741A US603780A US3472741DA US3472741A US 3472741 A US3472741 A US 3472741A US 603780 A US603780 A US 603780A US 3472741D A US3472741D A US 3472741DA US 3472741 A US3472741 A US 3472741A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- wire
- mould
- copper
- electroforming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 title description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001602742 Gegenes niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001572350 Lycaena mariposa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEYWFXYXWMGDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-disulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O QEYWFXYXWMGDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEFXTGTZJOWDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=CC=C1 VEFXTGTZJOWDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/20—Separation of the formed objects from the electrodes with no destruction of said electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/02—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
Definitions
- the invention in this case relates to a method of manufacturing metal objects having channels of small diameter such as thin walled tubing having inner diameters of 1 mm. or less.
- such a metal object may be produced by electrodepositing metal on a wax mould having a conductive surface and then removing the wax mold by melting.
- this method has not proved too useful when employed for objects having small diameter channels since in such cases not only does the low rigidity of the mould constitute a problem but also the melting of the wax presents a problem due to the capillary action of the deposited metal.
- the metal is deposited on a metal mould of a chemically dissimilar metal which mold is removed by dissolving with a selectively acting reagent.
- this method has not proved too successful because the small surface area of the mold presented to the reagent results in a low rate of dissolving and therefore a slow procedure.
- metal is electrodeposited on a mould formed of a material which when heated to a high temperature has a rubber-like consistency and can be pulled out of the resultant outer metal shell.
- this method which is described in German Patent 1,090,481, suffers from the fact that the mould material is easily broken thus causing broken pieces of mould material to remain in the channel and tends to adhere to the metal because of its adhesive character.
- metal is electrodeposited on a thin metal wire mould formed of a metal having a high value of permanent elongation preferably of more than 20%, then loading the wire mold above its tensile limit until it decreases in diameter and finally fractures and then pulling out the two pieces of wire mould from the electrodeposited metal.
- Soft-annealed metals such as soft annealed copper and aluminum wire having permanent elongations of about 30 to 40% are particularly useful for the wire moulds. Particular examples of such metals are disclosed in Colin 1. Smithells Metals Reference Book, vol. 11, published 1955 by Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York. Aluminum and aluminum alloys that may be employed are described in pages 714716. For example aluminum metals 3,472,741 Patented Oct. 14, 1969 ice and alloys (as designated in parentheses) of the following B.S./GE. specifications may be employed, S AO, E AM, S B-O, E B-M, SiCO, EiCM, NS O (Al-Mn), NS M (Al-Mg-Mn).
- Copper and copper alloy products that may be employed for the mould are described on pages 727-732.
- Some examples identified by the B.S. specifications or otherwise are: O.F.M. copper strip-annealed, H.C. copper B.S. 1432 strip-annealed, silver bearing copper strip annealed, tellurium copper rodextruded, cap copper B.S. ST A. 17-strip-annealed, brass 70/30 B.S. 267-strip-annealed, nickel silver 10% B.S. 709 strip annealed.
- Other suitable materials such as nickel and nickel alloys, zinc and zinc alloys and steels are disclosed on pages 754, 755, 760, 766, 767, 768 and 770 of this book.
- Any metal that may be deposited by electrodeposition may be employed to form the metal object through which the channel is formed.
- Examples of such metal are nickel, copper, silver, tin, gold, chromium, cadmium and zinc.
- Soft-annealed copper wire having a diameter of 0.55 mm. is stretched on a frame having a side of 300 mm. and then decreased cathodically for 30 seconds at room temperature in an aqueous electrolyte solution which contains per litre:
- the cathode frame with the stretched wire is rinsed in water, dipped for a moment in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (1:10) at room temperature, again rinsed in water, dipped in a solution of 20 g. of potassium dichromate in water at room temperature for 5 seconds, again rinsed and then transferred to a nickel plating bath.
- This bath has the following composition:
- the bath was heated to 50-55 C. and the copper wires nickel plated at a current density of 10 A./ sq. dm. for 2 /2 hours.
- the wires were then rinsed in water and dried.
- the grown wires were cut off the sides of the frame and the nickel layer Was removed at the two extremities of the resulting pieces of wire.
- the copper wires were then elongated until they fractured.
- the pieces of copper wire were then pulled out leaving a resultant nickel pipe.
- a method of manufacturing metal objects containing channels or holes of small diameters comprising electrodepositing a desired metal on a wire mould, said wire mould being formed of a metal having a high value of permanent elongation of more than about 20%, loading said wire mould beyond its tensile limit to thereby reduce the diameter of said wire mould and cause it to fracture and then separating said wire mould from the electrodeposited metal.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL6517056A NL6517056A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1965-12-29 | 1965-12-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3472741A true US3472741A (en) | 1969-10-14 |
Family
ID=19795059
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US603780A Expired - Lifetime US3472741A (en) | 1965-12-29 | 1966-12-22 | Method of manufacturing metal articles by electroforming |
Country Status (7)
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3815437A1 (de) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-16 | Rainer Wadewitz | Verfahren zur herstellung eines traegerelements insbesondere fuer leitungen, kabel, draehte u. dgl., z. b. fuer lichtwellenleiter |
| DE4409340C2 (de) * | 1994-03-18 | 1997-01-30 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nut oder eines Kanals |
| DE19505887A1 (de) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-08-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallkörpers mit feinen Kanälen |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB153231A (en) * | 1919-04-28 | 1920-10-28 | Dudley Eugene Batty | Improvements relating to metal tubes |
-
1965
- 1965-12-29 NL NL6517056A patent/NL6517056A/xx unknown
-
1966
- 1966-12-22 US US603780A patent/US3472741A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-12-27 CH CH1860566A patent/CH482027A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-12-27 BE BE691820D patent/BE691820A/xx unknown
- 1966-12-28 DE DE19661496945 patent/DE1496945A1/de active Pending
- 1966-12-28 FR FR89150A patent/FR1506213A/fr not_active Expired
- 1966-12-29 GB GB58157/66A patent/GB1118150A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB153231A (en) * | 1919-04-28 | 1920-10-28 | Dudley Eugene Batty | Improvements relating to metal tubes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH482027A (de) | 1969-11-30 |
| FR1506213A (fr) | 1967-12-15 |
| BE691820A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1967-06-27 |
| NL6517056A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1967-06-30 |
| GB1118150A (en) | 1968-06-26 |
| DE1496945A1 (de) | 1969-08-14 |
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