US3470451A - Rms voltage regulator - Google Patents

Rms voltage regulator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3470451A
US3470451A US650720A US3470451DA US3470451A US 3470451 A US3470451 A US 3470451A US 650720 A US650720 A US 650720A US 3470451D A US3470451D A US 3470451DA US 3470451 A US3470451 A US 3470451A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
transistor
junction
resistor
zener diode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US650720A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shingo Arase
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gould Inc
Original Assignee
Hoffman Electronics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoffman Electronics Corp filed Critical Hoffman Electronics Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3470451A publication Critical patent/US3470451A/en
Assigned to GOULD INC., A CORP. OF reassignment GOULD INC., A CORP. OF MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HOFFMAN ELECTRONICS CORPORATION A CORP. OF CA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC
    • G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/18—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using Zener diodes

Definitions

  • the present invention takes advantage of the fact that a constant load such as a tube filament is not affected by the shape of the waveform it receives, only by its energy content.
  • This constant energy content, or RMS value of a rectified voltage can be maintained constant by keeping the area of the voltage half-cycles equal by reducing the peak value of any half cycle, the magnitude of which tends to increase because of an increase in input voltage.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the output thereof.
  • the input alternating current voltage is applied to input terminals 10 and 12 to which is connected the primary 14 of transformer 16.
  • the secondary winding 18 of the transformer 16 is center-tapped and has its ends connected to diodes 20 and 22 respectively to form a full wave rectifier.
  • the junction point of the diodes 20 and 22 is connected through a resistor 2-4 to the emitter of a PNP power transistor 26, the collector of which is connected to an output terminal 28, the other output terminal 30 being grounded.
  • the base of the transistor 26 is connected to the collector of the NPN driver transistor 32 whose emitter is also connected to the output terminal 28.
  • the base of the transistor 32 is connected to the junction 35 of the resistor 34 and diode 36.
  • the other end of the resistor 34 is connected to a source of positive potential while the 3,470,451 Patented Sept. 30, 1969 cathode of the diode 36 is connected to a Zener diode 38.
  • the Zener diode 38 is connected to ground through a resistor 40.
  • junction 39 of the Zener diode 38 and the resistor 40 is connected to another resistor 42 whose other end is connected through a pair of diodes 44 and 46 to the upper and lower ends respectively, of the secondary winding 18.
  • the junction of the resistor 42 and the diodes 44 and 46 is also connected to ground through a capacitor 48.
  • the regulating circuit of the present invention operates as follows: Let it be assumed that the upper end of the secondary 18 is positive going. As a result, a current flows through the upper half of the Winding 18, the diode 20, resistor 24 and transistor 26 to the output and then back to the center tap of the transformer.
  • the conduction of the transistor 26 is controlled by the transistor 32 which in turn is controlled by the voltage appearing at the junction 35 between the resistor 34 and the diode 36. Because of the presence of the Zener diode 38, the voltage at the junction point 35 is at a given potential above the voltage at the junction point 39, depending on the rating of Zener diode 38.
  • the potential at the emitter of the transistor 32 follows its base and is thus established by the potential at junction 35.
  • the input voltage reaches the base voltage of the transistor 32, that is, the base voltage of transistor 26, the transistor 26 starts to clip. This action is shown by the curve '50 in FIGURE 2. The dotted portion of this curve represents the input voltage.
  • the voltage at the junction point 39 is dependent upon the magnitude of the input voltage. Still assuming that the upper end of the secondary 18 of transformer 16 is positive, it can be seen that a current flows from the center-tap of the "secondary 18 through the resistor 40, the resistor 42, and the diode 46 back to the lower end of the secondary winding 18 and the center-tap thereof is inverse or negative with respect to the voltage between the center-tap and the upper end of the secondary and, therefore, the voltage drop across the voltage divider made up of the resistors 40 and 42 will be a negative voltage, that is, it will be below ground potential.
  • the voltage at the junction point 39 will be dependent upon the values of the resistors 40 and 42 and upon the magnitude of the input voltage.
  • the resistor 24 is a current limiting resistor which is useful to protect the transistor 26 when the load is of low value, for example, when the filament of a vacuum tube is cold.
  • the diode 36 is provided for temperature compensation to compensate for the variations with temperature of the base-to-emitter drop of the transistor 32.
  • the capacitor 48 is not required, but is useful to maintain the voltage at the junction point 39 constant between half cycles.
  • the power transistor 26 is also not required for some applications but provides more power to a lower impedance.
  • a regulator circuit has been provided that will maintain the RMS value of an output voltage supplied to a load constant regardless of changes of the input voltage. This is accomplished without the necessity of line filtering or complicated feedback circuits.
  • a regulator circuit comprising rectifier means; means for applying an input voltage to said rectifier means; regulating means having an input electrode, an output electrode and a control electrode; means coupling the input electrode of said regllating means to said rectifier means; an output terminal means coupling said output terminal to said output electrode of said regulating means; means for establishing a point of control potential; means coupling said point of control potential to said control electrode of said regulating means; means for establishing a voltage inverse to that produced by said rectifier means; and means coupled to said inverse voltage establishing means and said point of control potential for varying the potential of said point in response to variations in said input voltage.
  • said means coupling said inverse voltage establishing means and said point of control potential comprises a Zener diode and means for varying the baseline reference of said Zener diode.
  • a regulator circuit comprising a transformer having a primary winding and a center-tapped secondary winding; means for applying an input voltage to said primary winding; first and second diodes connected to the upper and lower ends of said secondary winding respectively, said diodes being poled in the same direction and having their ends remote from said secondary winding connected together; regulating means having an input electrode, an output electrode and a control electrode; means connecting said input electrode of said regulating means to the junction of said ends of said diodes; a pair of output terminals; means for connecting a first of said output terminals to the output electrode of said regulating means; means connecting the other of said output terminals to said center-tap of said secondary winding; a source of -direct current potential; a series circuit'comprising a first resistive means, a Zener diode and a second resistive means connected between said source of direct current potential and said center-tap of said secondary winding; means connecting the junction between said first resistive means and said Zener diode to said control electrode of said regulating means;

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
US650720A 1967-07-03 1967-07-03 Rms voltage regulator Expired - Lifetime US3470451A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65072067A 1967-07-03 1967-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3470451A true US3470451A (en) 1969-09-30

Family

ID=24610011

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US650720A Expired - Lifetime US3470451A (en) 1967-07-03 1967-07-03 Rms voltage regulator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3470451A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1763609A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1579676A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1231433A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6809338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569841A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-03-09 Peter L Richman Harmonic-rejecting ac-to-dc converter
US3573604A (en) * 1970-01-05 1971-04-06 Collins Radio Co Rms ac voltage regulator
US3579085A (en) * 1968-09-13 1971-05-18 Acoustic Research Inc Power supply for providing main and standby sources of power
US3752903A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-08-14 Gen Electric Pilot voltage supply & voltage regulation means
JPS49104621U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-12-28 1974-09-07
US4437148A (en) 1981-12-09 1984-03-13 Western Electric Co., Inc. Peak voltage clamped power supply
US4816741A (en) * 1985-07-11 1989-03-28 Spectra Physics Switched resistor regulator with diode-snubber for parasitic inductance in switched resistor
US5083255A (en) * 1983-04-22 1992-01-21 Nilssen Ole K Inverter with electrically controllable output

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2457504C3 (de) * 1974-12-05 1983-04-21 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Fließdrückverfahren und -maschine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287619A (en) * 1962-08-14 1966-11-22 Elci Products Corp Permanent magnet generator output control
US3310727A (en) * 1963-09-26 1967-03-21 Ovitron Corp D.c. to d.c. voltage converter with undervoltage-responsive, mode selector means
US3386030A (en) * 1964-10-21 1968-05-28 Collins Radio Co Voltage regulator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287619A (en) * 1962-08-14 1966-11-22 Elci Products Corp Permanent magnet generator output control
US3310727A (en) * 1963-09-26 1967-03-21 Ovitron Corp D.c. to d.c. voltage converter with undervoltage-responsive, mode selector means
US3386030A (en) * 1964-10-21 1968-05-28 Collins Radio Co Voltage regulator

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569841A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-03-09 Peter L Richman Harmonic-rejecting ac-to-dc converter
US3579085A (en) * 1968-09-13 1971-05-18 Acoustic Research Inc Power supply for providing main and standby sources of power
US3573604A (en) * 1970-01-05 1971-04-06 Collins Radio Co Rms ac voltage regulator
US3752903A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-08-14 Gen Electric Pilot voltage supply & voltage regulation means
JPS49104621U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-12-28 1974-09-07
US4437148A (en) 1981-12-09 1984-03-13 Western Electric Co., Inc. Peak voltage clamped power supply
US5083255A (en) * 1983-04-22 1992-01-21 Nilssen Ole K Inverter with electrically controllable output
US4816741A (en) * 1985-07-11 1989-03-28 Spectra Physics Switched resistor regulator with diode-snubber for parasitic inductance in switched resistor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6809338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-01-07
DE1763609A1 (de) 1972-02-24
FR1579676A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-08-29
GB1231433A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3327199A (en) Transistorized high voltage regulated power supply system with temperature compensating means
US2950446A (en) Self-starting transistor oscillator unit
US2959726A (en) Semiconductor apparatus
US3525035A (en) Closed loop ferroresonant voltage regulator which simulates core saturation
US4150423A (en) Transformer coupled pass element
US2848614A (en) Regulated power supply
US3305756A (en) Combined gated pulse source-transverter-rectifier power supply with sampling connection for regulation
US3461374A (en) Converter circuit for regulating voltage by regulation of frequency
US3470451A (en) Rms voltage regulator
US3204174A (en) Tunnel diode voltage regulator
US3368139A (en) Switching mode series voltage regulator
US3412314A (en) Cyclically regulated power supply
US2965833A (en) Semiconductor voltage regulator apparatus
US3004206A (en) Regulated power supply
US3636433A (en) Voltage stabilizer apparatus
US3388309A (en) Voltage regulator including isolation between input and output
US3501771A (en) Root mean square voltage regulator
US2801383A (en) Voltage regulator
US3408559A (en) Line voltage stabilizer having parallel dynamic and stable impedance paths
US2955247A (en) Magnetic amplifier regulator circuit
US3461376A (en) Ac solid state voltage regulator
US3370223A (en) Automatic voltage regulator
US4232363A (en) AC to DC Converter with enhanced buck/boost regulation
US4437148A (en) Peak voltage clamped power supply
US3470452A (en) Regulated power supply having a tapped line transformer for providing a plurality of dc voltage levels

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: GOULD INC., A CORP. OF, DELAWARE

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HOFFMAN ELECTRONICS CORPORATION A CORP. OF CA;REEL/FRAME:003941/0014

Effective date: 19811218

Owner name: GOULD INC., A CORP. OF DE

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HOFFMAN ELECTRONICS CORPORATION A CORP. OF CA;REEL/FRAME:003941/0014

Effective date: 19811218