US3469946A - Apparatus for high-temperature conversions - Google Patents
Apparatus for high-temperature conversions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3469946A US3469946A US484414A US3469946DA US3469946A US 3469946 A US3469946 A US 3469946A US 484414 A US484414 A US 484414A US 3469946D A US3469946D A US 3469946DA US 3469946 A US3469946 A US 3469946A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- furnace
- air
- combustion
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture
Definitions
- a number of commercially important endothermal conversions proceed at appreciable speeds only when elevated temperatures are reached.
- the steam pyrolysis of vaporous hydrocarbons to produce olefins is normally conducted at temperatures of 1100 to 1600 F.
- Catalytic reforming in the presence of hydrogen to improve octane normally proceeds at temperatures in the vicinity of 900 F.
- temperatures in excess of 1000 F. are normally required. Since each of these processes are endothermal and occur at appreciable rates only with elevated temperatures, tubular furnaces can be used to add heat continuously to the reactants in the tubes thereby maintaining or increasing these temperatures while the reactions proceed.
- tubular furnaces to carry out high-temperature conversions as practiced heretofore has occasioned some diflicultties as can be illustrated by consideration of typical conditions employed in a furnace in which catalytic steam reforming of methane to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide is conducted.
- a light hydrocarbon is preheated to a temperature of about 1000 F. and is introduced together with steam into catalyst-packed, vertical tubes disposed in the furnace chamber to be heated by burning a fuel.
- tube wall temperatures above 1600" F. are maintained and the hot combustion products leave the furnace chamber at about 2100 F.
- the efficiency of the furnace is only about 40% from the standpoint of utilization in the reaction of the heat released by the combustion of the fuel.
- the hot combustion products from the furnace chamber are flowed through a convection section of the furnace to preheat the gas feed and to generate steam. Thereafter the combustion products are vented via a stack.
- steam must generally be the principal source of power in the associated plant thereby precluding in some instances the use of electric motors for pumps, compressors, etc. Where large supplies of steam are not needed the operation of reformer furnaces for hydrogen 3,469,946 Patented Sept. 30, 1969 ice production has frequently been deemed commercially impractical.
- the present invention uses a heat-transfer fluid in a combustion-air-preheating system to step up furnace efficiency.
- the heat-transfer fluid receives heat in a convection section of the furnace.
- the heat-transfer fluid is easily piped to the vicinity of the burners where it gives up its heat to incoming combustion air.
- furnace chambers can be reduced in size by from ten to thirty percent and fuel requirements are reduced.
- FIGURE I is an elevation view in section of a reformer furnace according to this invention.
- FIGURE II is a schematic flow diagram depicting a heat-transfer system in accordance with this invention.
- a heat-transfer fluid stored in drum 1 is circulated by pump 2 via line 3 to convection coil 4 for heating.
- the heated fluid is circulated via line 6 through air-preheat coils 7 and is returned by means of pump 8 to drum 1.
- Heat-transfer fluids for the service here contemplated may be selected from among readily available commercial products such as eutectic mixtures of potassium and sodium salts, eutectic mixtures of diphenyl and diphenyloxide, o-dichlorobenzene, aromatic heat transfer oils tetrachlorobiphenyl compounds and the like. Information on the selection and application of these heat transfer fluids is contained in such publications as Aromatic Heat Transfer Oils, a technical bulletin of Socony Mobil Oil Company, Dowtherm Handbook, Form -276-60 by Dow Chemical Company; Hitec Heat Transfer Salt, Bulletin A-15821 of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. and Therminol Fluid Heat Systems by Monsanto Company. Some of the design criteria which must be considered in the selection of a suitable fluid include cost, operating temperature ranges, freezing point, toxicity and stability.
- a hydrocarbon such as methane or propane
- a suitable oxidant such as H 0 and/ or CO
- inlet manifolds 9 a hydrocarbon (such as methane or propane) along with a suitable oxidant such as H 0 and/ or CO is coursed downward from inlet manifolds 9 through furnace tubes 11' which are filled with a granular catalyst such as nickel oxide to outlet manifolds 12 all in a manner well known to those familiar with the art.
- elongated settings 14 are provided with side walls 16 which are relatively close to tubes 11.
- Linear burners 17 are arranged in elongated troughs made of tile and disposed along side walls 16 so that the combustion gases from these burners wash side walls 16 to heat them to uniform incandescence so that substantially the entire surfaces of these side walls act as heating elements,
- a furnace suitable for a high-tempreature endothermal reaction comprising an elongated box-like setting having parallel side walls and enclosing a furnace chamber therein,
- the setting defining a plurality of air-inlet passages communicating in flow series with the source of air to receive combustion air therefrom,
- a plurality of linear burners each operatively connected with the source of fuel and positioned in one of the air-inlet passages and arranged along both of the side walls in at least two tiers thereof for heating said side walls to incandescence and for supplying hot combustion gases to the furnace chamber,
- the setting defining a convection section arranged to receive the combustion gases from the furnace chamber
- At least one air-preheat coil mounted in the air-inlet passage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US48441465A | 1965-09-01 | 1965-09-01 | |
DEA0056240 | 1967-07-11 | ||
FR48951A FR1538588A (en) | 1965-09-01 | 1967-07-21 | Process and plant for high temperature chemical reactions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3469946A true US3469946A (en) | 1969-09-30 |
Family
ID=27208997
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US484414A Expired - Lifetime US3469946A (en) | 1965-09-01 | 1965-09-01 | Apparatus for high-temperature conversions |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3469946A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1601152A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1538588A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3667429A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1972-06-06 | Lummus Co | Fired heater |
US3677234A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1972-07-18 | Stone & Webster Eng Corp | Heating apparatus and process |
US4238403A (en) * | 1975-03-03 | 1980-12-09 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Methanol synthesis process |
US4321130A (en) * | 1979-12-05 | 1982-03-23 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Thermal conversion of hydrocarbons with low energy air preheater |
WO1991002195A1 (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1991-02-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Natural draft air preheater |
US4999089A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-03-12 | Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilidng Co., Ltd. | Cracking furnace |
EP0935094A3 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 2002-01-02 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Process furnace |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4325916A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1982-04-20 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Reformer furnace seal |
US4617109A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1986-10-14 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Combustion air preheating |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB299436A (en) * | 1927-10-26 | 1929-07-04 | Emile Prat | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for heating air |
US1833130A (en) * | 1929-12-09 | 1931-11-24 | Stephen W Borden | Air preheater |
US3119671A (en) * | 1960-09-28 | 1964-01-28 | Chemical Coustruction Corp | Upright fluid heating furnace with heat recovery system |
US3129065A (en) * | 1960-09-14 | 1964-04-14 | Chemical Construction Corp | Upright fluid heating furnace with integral heat recovery means |
US3240204A (en) * | 1964-02-19 | 1966-03-15 | Alcorn Comb Co | Pyrolysis heater |
-
1965
- 1965-09-01 US US484414A patent/US3469946A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1967
- 1967-07-11 DE DE19671601152 patent/DE1601152A1/en active Pending
- 1967-07-21 FR FR48951A patent/FR1538588A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB299436A (en) * | 1927-10-26 | 1929-07-04 | Emile Prat | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for heating air |
US1833130A (en) * | 1929-12-09 | 1931-11-24 | Stephen W Borden | Air preheater |
US3129065A (en) * | 1960-09-14 | 1964-04-14 | Chemical Construction Corp | Upright fluid heating furnace with integral heat recovery means |
US3119671A (en) * | 1960-09-28 | 1964-01-28 | Chemical Coustruction Corp | Upright fluid heating furnace with heat recovery system |
US3240204A (en) * | 1964-02-19 | 1966-03-15 | Alcorn Comb Co | Pyrolysis heater |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3677234A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1972-07-18 | Stone & Webster Eng Corp | Heating apparatus and process |
US3667429A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1972-06-06 | Lummus Co | Fired heater |
US4238403A (en) * | 1975-03-03 | 1980-12-09 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Methanol synthesis process |
US4321130A (en) * | 1979-12-05 | 1982-03-23 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Thermal conversion of hydrocarbons with low energy air preheater |
US4999089A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-03-12 | Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilidng Co., Ltd. | Cracking furnace |
WO1991002195A1 (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1991-02-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Natural draft air preheater |
EP0935094A3 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 2002-01-02 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Process furnace |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1601152A1 (en) | 1970-06-04 |
FR1538588A (en) | 1968-09-06 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A 19TH FL.CENTRE SQ WEST Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA;REEL/FRAME:003997/0981 Effective date: 19820217 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004096/0520 Effective date: 19821231 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY,GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552 Effective date: 19830523 Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT WIESBADEN, GERMANY A CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552 Effective date: 19830523 |