US3468072A - Arrangement for high precision cylindrical or plane grinding - Google Patents

Arrangement for high precision cylindrical or plane grinding Download PDF

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Publication number
US3468072A
US3468072A US577740A US3468072DA US3468072A US 3468072 A US3468072 A US 3468072A US 577740 A US577740 A US 577740A US 3468072D A US3468072D A US 3468072DA US 3468072 A US3468072 A US 3468072A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slide
plane
planes
bearing surface
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US577740A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernard Marcel Bernelin
Sebastien Frindel
Claude Benezech
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR60661A external-priority patent/FR1491301A/fr
Application filed by Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel SA
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Publication of US3468072A publication Critical patent/US3468072A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/017—Arrangements of ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
    • F16C2322/39—General buildup of machine tools, e.g. spindles, slides, actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to high precision cylindrical or plane grinding, and more particularly to an arrangement for guiding a slide carrying either the workpiece or a grinding wheel with respect to the other of the workpiece or grinding wheel mounted upon a stationary base.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a guiding system for a slide capable of rectilinear movement upon the base of a high precision grinding machine.
  • a stationary base having five bearing surface planes formed thereon. Two of these bearing surface planes are positioned on structure defining a first plane and two further bearing surface planes on structures defining a second plane. These first and second planes form a V-shaped guideway and intersect to form an edge which is parallel to the plane containing the fifth bearing surface plane.
  • the bearing surface planes on the V guideway are opposed from each other.
  • a slide is mounted on the base for rectilinear movement thereon and may have convex bearing surfaces for supporting the slide upon the bearing surface planes.
  • a grinding wheel or a workpiece may be carried on the slide.
  • a table is also movably mounted on said base and carries the other workpiece or wheel.
  • the bearing surface planes may comprise elements which are of harder material than the slide or base and which are inserted in the surfaces of the base. These surfaces may be of silicon. Also the elements may have a coating of molybdenum disulfide.
  • the bearing surface planes may also comprise locally ground areas on the base surfaces or protrusions cast integrally with the base and then ground to the desired dimensions.
  • the bearing surface planes may be formed of quartz discs retained on plates by suction with the plates being adjustably mounted on a portion of the base.
  • the slide may have a generally T-shape with the arms being formed of tubular members fabricated from thin sheets of titanium.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the guiding arrangement of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the stationary base illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating the geometric relationships between the workpiece and grinding wheel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a T-shaped slide employed in one embodiment of the invention taken along the line 66 of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a grinding machine embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of the grinding machine of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is an elevational view showing the quartz discs being supported on a portion of the base with several of the elements being partially shown in section;
  • FIG. 10 is an overall perspective view of the slide illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • a stationary base 1 which has bearing surface planes 2, 3, 4 and 5 provided on the plane faces 6 and 7 which are positioned to form a V-shaped guide with the plane faces intersecting at 13.
  • a fifth bearing surface plane is formed on the upper face of stationary base -1. These bearing surface planes are machined approximately to within one tenth of a micron or better and fixedly mounted on the base.
  • a slide 9 Slidably mounted upon the base is a slide 9 having on its lower face 2 spherical or convex bearing surfaces 10 which rest upon bearing surface planes 2 and 3. There are additional spherical elements 11 on slide 9 which rest upon bearing surface planes 4 and 5 and a further spherical element 12 resting upon the bearing surface plane 8. As may be seen in FIG. 3, bearing surface planes 2 and 4 are opposed from each other and, similarly, planes 3 and 5 are so positioned.
  • the plane surfaces 2 and 3 In order for the slide 9 to be capable of rectilinear motion, the plane surfaces 2 and 3 must be parallel to each other, plane surfaces 4 and 5 parallel to each other, and the intersecting edge 13 parallel to the plane 8. With this construction, the translation vector of slide 9 is parallel to intersecting edge 13.
  • a table 14 is movably mounted on slide 9 and is adapted to remove any faults in parallelism between the rotational axis of workpiece 15 and the rectilinear movement axis of slide 9.
  • the axis of rotation of workpiece 15 is defined by the center points 16 and 17 which support the workpiece.
  • a motor 18 is suitably connected to pin or point 17 to rotate the workpiece at a relatively low speed of one revolution per second, for example.
  • a grinding wheel 19 is positioned on a portion of the machine, to be described later, so as to be in operative relationship with workpiece 15. Fine adjustment of the position of the workpiece can be achieved by the supports or center pieces 16 and 17 in a well known manner, while a cross adjustment may be obtained by employing a diflen ential screw.
  • FIG. 4 shows that, if r is the radius of one end of the cone, r-l-Ar the radius of the other end, I the length of the cone and R the radius of the grinding wheel 19, then:
  • FIG. 5 shows clearly that if a is the angle formed between the axis of rotation of the cone and the axis of movement of the slide in the horizontal plane, maintaining the rotations as above for the remaining values, then:
  • the bearing surface planes comprise quartz studs or discs 21, 22, 23 and 24 positioned in V-arranged planes so that disc 21 is parallel to disc 23 and disc 22 is parallel to disc 24. It has been found that by using quartz, a very hard and stable material, it is possible to obtain almost perfect planes with the grinding processes used in the optical industry. The surface of such planes, however, is somewhat limited by the nature of the support. For example, with a circular surface 120 mm. in diameter, it is possible to obtain a plane of perfection of the order of 0.01 micron.
  • FIG. 6 there is generally indicated a slide 25 in the shape of a T having a transverse bar 25a having at its ends circular contact members 26 and 26', the peripheral rims of which have a semicircular cross section to contact studs 21 to 24.
  • the stem of the slide is indicated at 25b and has an adjusting screw 27 at its extreme end having a spherical point which rests upon a similar quartz stud or disc 28.
  • the slide 25 can move upon the optical planes formed by the studs 21 through 24 and 28.
  • the slide 25 described above is mounted upon a machine having a frame 29 composed of square tubing forming a rigid unit, the tubing being reinforced by heat treating.
  • the studs or discs 21 through 24 and 28, described above, are mounted upon frame 29.
  • the plane containing discs 21 and 23 and the plane containing discs 22 and 24 intersect to form an edge which is parallel to the plane of disc 28.
  • Each disc described above is mounted upon the stationary frame 29 in an isostatic manner by a mounting which insures a rigid connection, is removable, and does not deform the optical glass of the discs.
  • disc 22 is mounted precisely on three spherical supports 30 carried by a plate 31 in which there is a duct 32 connected to a flexible tube 33 which leads to a vacuum tank (not shown).
  • Small ducts 34- lead from duct 32 and open onto the surface of the disc near supports 30.
  • a toroidal joint 35- is provided around each support 30, and this joint together with a suitable lubricant provide a seal so that disc 22 is retained in position by a vacuum produced by the vacuum tank.
  • the plate 31 may be inclined with respect to the axis of rotation defined by the balls 36, and accurate adjustment of the plate may be obtained by the combination of a diiferential screw 37 and a mechanical reduction.
  • the mechanical reduction may comprise an intermediate plate 38 having on its lower surface a V-groove in which are received two balls 39 resting in a second V-groove parallel to the first groove, the second groove being formed in a plate 40 integral with frame 29.
  • the upper surface of plate 38 supports two balls 41 which are retained in a V-groove formed in plate 31 and upon which the plate can pivot at the same time the plate pivots on balls 36 by means of arms 42, the ends of said arms being notched to receive balls 36.
  • the balls 36 are seated in a second V-groove formed in member 40, upon which member the spherical end of screw 37 rests.
  • Disc 28 may be mounted on two plane members 43 and 44 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 which have perpendicular pivoting axes A5 and AS, with these members being adjustable by means of screws 47 and 48, respectively.
  • Slide 25 also has a vertical arm 250 at the base of which is mounted the grinding assembly comprising grinding wheel 19 and its drive motor 48- coaxial therewith.
  • Slide 25 is preferably fabricated from tubular members formed by welding thin sheets of titanium having a thickness less than 1 mm. This particular structure virtually eliminates any deformation of the slide, with the physical and mechanical properties of alloyed or unalloyed titanium insuring stability, rigidity and light weight of the slide.
  • the adjusting screw 27 on slide 25 permits a small degree of movement of the grinding wheel in a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the grinding wheel.
  • the drive motor may rotate at a speed of 24,000 r.p.m. with the outside diameter of the grinding wheel being about 40 millimeters.
  • Slide 25 may be given a translation movement by a second slide 50 mounted thereabove.
  • the slide 50 rolls upon two rails 51 and 51' having circular sections by means of two grooved rollers 52 and 52 and a cylindrical roller 53, the three rollers forming a triangle.
  • the rails 51 and 51 are mounted upon frame 29 by means of a ball joint 54 at one end and by means of two balls 55 at the other end, balls 55 being carried by plate 56 which is mounted for angular adjustment by means of a differential screw 57.
  • a wheel 58 is mounted beneath slide 50 and has a cylindrical nut 59 pivotally mounted therein with screw 60 passing therethrough and rotated by motor 61 through a speed reducer.
  • a fork 62 extends downwardly from slide 50 to straddle stem 25b of slide 25 to provide a driving connection.
  • Slide 50 also carries a grooved pulley 63 over which is passed a metallic cable 64 having one end attached to stem 25b by means of a slidably mounted member 65-.
  • the other end of cable 64 is connected by a spring 66 to a element 67.
  • the workpiece 15 is carried by a work-supporting unit comprising three large tables.
  • the first table 68 is carried by frame 29 by means of two rails 69 and 69', one end of each rail being supported by socket joint 70 and the other end by two balls 71 carried by an element 71' which is pivotally mounted on ball 72 and adjustably by means of screw 73.
  • table 68 On one side of table 68 there are provided V-shaped guides 74 and at the other side a flat member 75, with the member 74 slidably mounted on rail 69 and flat member 75 slidably mounted on rail 69.
  • the sliding movement of table 68 is controlled by a fine differential screw 76.
  • a second table 77 rests upon table 68 by means of two spherical contacts 78 and a ball 79.
  • a differential screw 80 having a micrometric adjustment moves table 77 parallel with respect to table 68. This adjustment permits precise horizontal positioning of the workpiece so as to obtain the desired cylindrical or conical shape.
  • a third table 83 is mounted upon table 77 by means of balls 81 and a differential adjusting screw 82.
  • the center points 16 and 17 and a motor for slowly rotating workpiece 15 are mounted upon table 83.
  • Actuation of screw 82 permits vertical alignment of the axis of rotation of the workpiece parallel to the axis of movement of slide 25.
  • Tailstock 16 is provided with a device which exerts constant pressure controlled by a comparator 84 on the end of workpiece 15.
  • the first step is to position the optical planes of discs 21 and 22 parallel to each other and then to adjust planes 23 and 24 into parallel relationship.
  • This adjustment is possible by means of screws 37 which have difierential threads so as to cause disc 21 to pivot about the axis A1 and disc 22 to pivot about the axis A2.
  • the axis A1 is at right angles to axis A2. With this arrangement, it is possible to obtain a parallelism to within two to five microradians.
  • disc 28 is adjusted so as to be parallel to the intersection of the planes defined by discs 21 and 23 and to the intersection of the plane defined by discs 22 and 24. Because of the preceding adjustment, these intersections are parallel to each other. It is thus only necessary to position these two intersections and discs 28 horizontally with the horizontal plane being chosen for ease of control and such control being capable of a very high level of precision.
  • the machine may be pivoted with the aid of adjustable feet provided with differential screws and mounted on the stationary frame.
  • the disc 28 is horizontally adjusted by means of the micrometer screws 47 and 48 which have differential threads so as to pivot disc 28 about the axes A5 and A'5.
  • the adjusting arrangement of the structure disclosed herein enables the second step of adjustment to be carried out to within a few microradians.
  • the structure of the present invention may be provided with adjusting mechanisms which are well known in the art for positioning the workpiece during the grinding operation. This positioning may be carried out either by optical, mechanical or electronic means.
  • the present invention has provided a mounting arrangement for a grinding machine by means of which high precision cylindrical or plane grinding may be obtained.
  • a stationary base means on said base for defining five bearing surface planes, including means on said base for defining first and second planes with said planes forming a V and intersecting to form an edge, two of said bearing surface planes being on said first plane and a further two bearing surface planes being on said second plane, the two bearing surface planes on said first plane being opposed from the two bearing surface planes on said second plane, said fifth bearing surface plane being parallel to said edge, a slide mounted on said base for rectilinear movement thereon and having convex bearing surfaces bearing upon said bearing surface planes, a grinding wheel on said slide, and a table movably mounted on said base for carrying a workpiece thereon for positioning in operative relation with respect to said grinding wheel.
  • bearing surface planes comprise elements inserted in said first and second planes, said elements being of a material harder than said slide and base.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 2 wherein said elements have a coating of molybdenum disulfide.
  • bearing surface planes comprise protrusions cast with the respective planes and having the bearing surface ground.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 wherein said fifth bearing surface plane comprises a locally ground area on said base.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 wherein said convex bearing surfaces are on the lower face of said slide.
  • bearing surface planes are formed of quartz discs having optically ground bases.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 10 and further including plates on said base supporting said quartz discs, suction means on said plates for retaining said quartz discs thereon, and an adjusting screw having a spherical end carried by said plate, said spherical end resting upon a portion of said base, and a pair of spherical contacts between said plate and said portion of said base for supporting said plate thereon.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 wherein said slide is a tubular structure comprising thin sheets of titanium.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 12 wherein said titanium sheets have a thickness no greater than one millimeter.
  • a cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1 wherein said slide has an arm and a difierential screw carried by said arm, said differential screw having a spherical end resting upon said fifth bearing surface plane, said differential screw being so positioned that adjustment thereof will move said grinding wheel in a plane parallel to a transverse plane of said wheel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
US577740A 1962-11-02 1966-09-07 Arrangement for high precision cylindrical or plane grinding Expired - Lifetime US3468072A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR914229A FR1347097A (fr) 1962-11-02 1962-11-02 Dispositif pour la rectification cylindrique ou plane de très haute précision
FR60661A FR1491301A (fr) 1966-05-06 1966-05-06 Tiroir de commande pour installations pneumatiques et hydrauliques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3468072A true US3468072A (en) 1969-09-23

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US577740A Expired - Lifetime US3468072A (en) 1962-11-02 1966-09-07 Arrangement for high precision cylindrical or plane grinding

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3468072A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE639023A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH403535A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1347097A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB984613A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU44691A1 (en:Method)
NL (1) NL300032A (en:Method)
SE (1) SE316398B (en:Method)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100120337A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Kuriyama Kunitaka Cutting method and cutting device for hard material
CN103991032A (zh) * 2014-05-29 2014-08-20 刘忠平 一种用于夹持扳手的夹持机构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2604937B1 (fr) * 1986-10-14 1993-09-03 Suisse Electronique Microtech Actionneur a vis pour translateurs notamment de haute precision

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US991345A (en) * 1910-06-08 1911-05-02 Edward Wilson Mitchel Grinding-machine.
US1184343A (en) * 1916-02-15 1916-05-23 William C Crawford Friction-reducing device for sliding drawers, &c.
US1685434A (en) * 1925-09-04 1928-09-25 Nilesbement Pond Company Bearing strip for machine-tool ways
US2045464A (en) * 1933-09-22 1936-06-23 Harley Stanley Jaffa Slide bearing
US2622376A (en) * 1951-06-15 1952-12-23 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co Grinding machine
US3051535A (en) * 1959-11-20 1962-08-28 Gen Electric Dry lubricant ball-type bearing with non-rotating balls

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US991345A (en) * 1910-06-08 1911-05-02 Edward Wilson Mitchel Grinding-machine.
US1184343A (en) * 1916-02-15 1916-05-23 William C Crawford Friction-reducing device for sliding drawers, &c.
US1685434A (en) * 1925-09-04 1928-09-25 Nilesbement Pond Company Bearing strip for machine-tool ways
US2045464A (en) * 1933-09-22 1936-06-23 Harley Stanley Jaffa Slide bearing
US2622376A (en) * 1951-06-15 1952-12-23 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co Grinding machine
US3051535A (en) * 1959-11-20 1962-08-28 Gen Electric Dry lubricant ball-type bearing with non-rotating balls

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100120337A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Kuriyama Kunitaka Cutting method and cutting device for hard material
US8662959B2 (en) * 2008-11-12 2014-03-04 Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Cutting method and cutting device for hard material
CN103991032A (zh) * 2014-05-29 2014-08-20 刘忠平 一种用于夹持扳手的夹持机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU44691A1 (en:Method) 1963-12-24
NL300032A (en:Method)
BE639023A (en:Method)
FR1347097A (fr) 1963-12-27
GB984613A (en) 1965-02-24
SE316398B (en:Method) 1969-10-20
CH403535A (fr) 1965-11-30

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