US3467571A - Hat felt and the method of making it - Google Patents
Hat felt and the method of making it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3467571A US3467571A US3467571DA US3467571A US 3467571 A US3467571 A US 3467571A US 3467571D A US3467571D A US 3467571DA US 3467571 A US3467571 A US 3467571A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- felt
- hat
- fibers
- hat felt
- synthetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 6
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methyl-n-butyl acrylate Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004934 Dacron® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001446569 Lepus granatensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001249696 Senna alexandrina Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[4,6-bis(hydroxymethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methanol Chemical compound OCNC1=NC(NCO)=NC(NCO)=N1 USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPVSTMAPERLKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycoluril Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC2NC(=O)NC21 VPVSTMAPERLKKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
- D04H1/65—Impregnation followed by a solidification process using mixed or composite fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
- D04H1/22—Three-dimensional articles formed by felting processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
- D06M15/233—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated aromatic, e.g. styrene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
- Y10T428/31739—Nylon type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
- Y10T442/51—From natural organic fiber [e.g., wool, etc.]
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for producing hat felt from a mixture of fibers containing an unrestricted proportion of synthetic fibers which comprises intimately admixing natural and/ or synthetic fibers by air blowing the same, suctiondcpositing the resultant mixture on a conical support form in a doubling machine, spraying the resultant loose fiber fleece with hot water, removing the so-obtained prestiffened hat felt from said form, subjecting said hat felt to centrifugal drying, applying to the resultant compacted and substantially water-free hat felt an aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion of heat-curable synthetic plastic, and then subjecting the resultant felt to heat-curing to give the hat felt its final form; and the resultant products.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of hat felt.
- Unformed felt hats or hat felts known to date are produced from animal fibers, e.g. hare or rabbit hairs, wool, etc., possibly mixed with synthetic fibers. In the selection of such fibers, it was previously endeavoured to use those having a natural felting property or a felting property increased by special treatments.
- the felting properties of the raw materials is-as is generally knownone of the most important provisions for attaining a good quality of hat felt.
- any desired fibers of natural or synthetic origin or, if desired, mixtures of such natural and synthetic fibers can now be mixed in conventional manner in a blower machine to form a fiber fleece which is then caused by means of suction to deposit in a doubling machine on a conical support form, a removable fleece thereby forming, preferably by treatment with hot water, as crude form for hat felts or bands for hats.
- the process of the invention is characterized in that the hat felts formed on the conical support form are treated with at least one synthetic plastic in the form of a solution, dispersion or emulsion, whereafter the synthetic plastic is cured by heat treatment in order to give the hat felt its final form.
- the same will be employed in the form of a solution, dispersion or emulsion.
- thermoplasts such as, for example, vinyl polymers, e.g. PVC or polyvinyl acetate, polyalkenes, e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., dienes, e.g. polybutadiene, acrylic esters and derivatives thereof, e.g.
- a suitable catalyst for the purposes of the invention is, for example, ammonium chloride.
- the curing process is effected in accordance with the composition of the synthetic plastic material, preferably at 100 C. to C.
- the previously employed expensive animal fibers may be partial- 1y or entirely replaced with advantage by suitable synthetic fibers.
- polyacrylonitrile fibers e.g. the trademark products Dralon and Orlon have proven suitable for the purpose of the invention.
- Other fully synthetic fibers such as polyamides or polyurethanes, e.g. the trademark products Nylon and Perlon, polyvinyl fibers, e.g. PC fibers, etc., as well as polyterephthalic acid esters, such as, for example, the trademark products Dacron and Terylene, and many others have, however, also proven suitable. If desired, mixtures of such fully synthetic fibers may also be used.
- Rabbit hairs and polyacrylonitrile fibers e.g. fibers of Dralon or Orion are mixed in a so-called blower machine known in the hat industry, in accordance with the air current principle. Weighed amounts of this fibrous mixture are then caused by means of suction to deposit on perforated so-called doubling machines. After this depositing process, the thus formed fiber fleece layer is sprayed with hot water.
- the pre-stiffening caused thereby can, if desired, be increased by subjecting the hat felt removed from the support form to a felting process in a suitable, conventional felting machine, whereby a good intertwining of the rabbit hairs with the polyacrylonitrile fibers is obtained.
- the hat felt is thereafter subjected to treatment with a synthetic plastic acting as binding agent in the form of a solution, dispersion or emulsion.
- the treatment can be effected in an immersion process or, e.g. also in a spraying process.
- the hat felt is squeezed in a roller squeezing device, the pressure of the rollers appropriately being adjusted according to the desired squeezing effect.
- the hat felt thus squeezed and impregnated with the synthetic plastic acting as binding agent can, if desired, be subsequently heated by means of steam and applied over a metal form which is somewhat larger than the conical support form on which the hat felt was formed, so that a slight stretching of the felt is effected.
- the hat felt can thereafter be dried at about 70 C. and then hydraulically pressed under heavy pressure and at a medium temperature.
- the hat felt may, however, also be subjected for about 5 minutes to a temperature of about 100 C.-170 C., thereby effecting curing of the synthetic plastic present in the hat felt.
- Example 1 A mixture of rabbit or other animal hairs and polyacrylonitrile fibers is used in a ratio of 70:30. This mixture is plyed in conventional manner, thereafter-so far as this is desiredslightly felted or matted and possibly dyed. A final stiffening with a binder fluid of the follow ing composition is then effected:
- the felt is freed of excess fluid by squeezing, dried at C. and then heated for 5 minutes at C.
- Example 2 A felt prepared as in Example 1 is impregnated with a fluid of the following composition:
- a method for producing hat felt which comprises mixing rabbit hairs and polyacrylonitrile fibers, felting and pre-forming the mixture of fibers, applying to the thusformed product a mixture comprising (a) an aqueous dispersion of a polymer of acrylic acid butyl ester, acrylamide, and methacrylamido-N-methylol methyl ether and (b) ammonium chloride in solution in the aqueous phase, and then heat-curing the resultant product, thereby obtaining a permanently formed hat felt.
- a hat felt comprising a mixture of rabbit hairs and acrylonitrile fibers bonded with a thermoset terpolymer of acrylic acid butyl ester, acrylamide and methacrylamido- N-methylol methyl ether.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,467,571 HAT FELT AND THE METHOD OF MAKING IT Jacques Schweig, Montreux, and Horst Charwat, Monthey, Switzerland, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Jacques Schweig, Montreux, Switzerland No Drawing. Continuation of application Ser. No. 283,582, May 27, 1963. This application Jan. 6, 1967, Ser. No. 607,851 Claims priority, application Switzerland, Nov. 12, 1962, 13,218/ 62 Int. Cl. D04h 1/12; B32b 9/04 US. Cl. 161-170 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for producing hat felt from a mixture of fibers containing an unrestricted proportion of synthetic fibers which comprises intimately admixing natural and/ or synthetic fibers by air blowing the same, suctiondcpositing the resultant mixture on a conical support form in a doubling machine, spraying the resultant loose fiber fleece with hot water, removing the so-obtained prestiffened hat felt from said form, subjecting said hat felt to centrifugal drying, applying to the resultant compacted and substantially water-free hat felt an aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion of heat-curable synthetic plastic, and then subjecting the resultant felt to heat-curing to give the hat felt its final form; and the resultant products.
This application is a continuation of copending application, Ser. No. 283,582, filed May 27, 1963 (allowed and forfeited).
The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of hat felt.
Unformed felt hats or hat felts known to date are produced from animal fibers, e.g. hare or rabbit hairs, wool, etc., possibly mixed with synthetic fibers. In the selection of such fibers, it was previously endeavoured to use those having a natural felting property or a felting property increased by special treatments.
The felting properties of the raw materials is-as is generally knownone of the most important provisions for attaining a good quality of hat felt.
Since synthetic fibers have no or in general an insufiicient felting property, one could previously only use a restricted percentual amount of synthetic fibers in the manufacture of hat felt.
It has now surprisingly been found that the selection of the raw materials to be used as starting materials is not necessarily bound to the requirement of felting ability so that, by reason of the present invention, synthetic fibers can now also be employed in any desired quantity. Any desired fibers of natural or synthetic origin or, if desired, mixtures of such natural and synthetic fibers can now be mixed in conventional manner in a blower machine to form a fiber fleece which is then caused by means of suction to deposit in a doubling machine on a conical support form, a removable fleece thereby forming, preferably by treatment with hot water, as crude form for hat felts or bands for hats.
The process of the invention is characterized in that the hat felts formed on the conical support form are treated with at least one synthetic plastic in the form of a solution, dispersion or emulsion, whereafter the synthetic plastic is cured by heat treatment in order to give the hat felt its final form.
According to the synthetic plastic or plastics chosen, the same will be employed in the form of a solution, dispersion or emulsion.
r" a C6 Appropriate synthetic plastics for the purposes of the invention include solutions and/or dispersions of thermoplasts such as, for example, vinyl polymers, e.g. PVC or polyvinyl acetate, polyalkenes, e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., dienes, e.g. polybutadiene, acrylic esters and derivatives thereof, e.g. acrylic acid butyl ester, methacrylic acid butyl ester, etc., amides of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, acrylonitrile etc., also aminoplasts such as, for example, formaldehyde precondensates of melamine, of urea, of acetylene diurea, etc. A suitable catalyst for the purposes of the invention is, for example, ammonium chloride.
The following are particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention:
(a) The combination of a dispersion or solution of a high polymer material with reactive groups, e.g. amido groups with a melamine formaldehyde precondensate. By means of condensation of the impregnated and dried felt in the presence of a potential acid, e.g. ammonium chloride, at temperatures exceeding 0., preferably -l50 C., a cross-linking of the binder with melamine resin is attained and the stability of swell of the synthetic plastic significantly improved.
(b) The use of a binder with polymerized reactive groups which cause self-cross-linking after drying at an elevated temperature.
The curing process is effected in accordance with the composition of the synthetic plastic material, preferably at 100 C. to C.
As already mentioned, the selection of the fiber material is no longer subject to any conditions. The previously employed expensive animal fibers may be partial- 1y or entirely replaced with advantage by suitable synthetic fibers. In particular, polyacrylonitrile fibers, e.g. the trademark products Dralon and Orlon have proven suitable for the purpose of the invention. Other fully synthetic fibers, such as polyamides or polyurethanes, e.g. the trademark products Nylon and Perlon, polyvinyl fibers, e.g. PC fibers, etc., as well as polyterephthalic acid esters, such as, for example, the trademark products Dacron and Terylene, and many others have, however, also proven suitable. If desired, mixtures of such fully synthetic fibers may also be used.
The following advantages can be obtained by means of the process of the invention:
(1) Independence from expensive raw material which previously also had to possess the properties of felting;
(2) Omission of complicated and expensive felting machines;
(3) Saving of labor (no necessity for trained workers);
(4) No wastage losses occurring by reason of the particular preparation method;
(5) Reduction in manufacturing costs of the hat felts;
(6) An improvement in quality when using synthetic fibers (stability of shape, elasticity, light weight).
The process of the invention can, for example, be performed as follows:
Rabbit hairs and polyacrylonitrile fibers, e.g. fibers of Dralon or Orion are mixed in a so-called blower machine known in the hat industry, in accordance with the air current principle. Weighed amounts of this fibrous mixture are then caused by means of suction to deposit on perforated so-called doubling machines. After this depositing process, the thus formed fiber fleece layer is sprayed with hot water. The pre-stiffening caused thereby can, if desired, be increased by subjecting the hat felt removed from the support form to a felting process in a suitable, conventional felting machine, whereby a good intertwining of the rabbit hairs with the polyacrylonitrile fibers is obtained.
As great as possible an amount of water, absorbed by the hat felt in the pre-stiifening step, is removed from the hat felt formed in the above said manner in a centrifugal drum. The hat felt is thereafter subjected to treatment with a synthetic plastic acting as binding agent in the form of a solution, dispersion or emulsion. The treatment can be effected in an immersion process or, e.g. also in a spraying process. After this treatment, the hat felt is squeezed in a roller squeezing device, the pressure of the rollers appropriately being adjusted according to the desired squeezing effect. The hat felt thus squeezed and impregnated with the synthetic plastic acting as binding agent can, if desired, be subsequently heated by means of steam and applied over a metal form which is somewhat larger than the conical support form on which the hat felt was formed, so that a slight stretching of the felt is effected. The hat felt can thereafter be dried at about 70 C. and then hydraulically pressed under heavy pressure and at a medium temperature. The hat felt may, however, also be subjected for about 5 minutes to a temperature of about 100 C.-170 C., thereby effecting curing of the synthetic plastic present in the hat felt.
The following specific examples are intended to illustrate the invention in greater detail. Any other mixtures known to the man skilled in the art may naturally be used instead of the following mixture of synthetic substances.
Example 1 A mixture of rabbit or other animal hairs and polyacrylonitrile fibers is used in a ratio of 70:30. This mixture is plyed in conventional manner, thereafter-so far as this is desiredslightly felted or matted and possibly dyed. A final stiffening with a binder fluid of the follow ing composition is then effected:
300 g./l. of a 43% dispersion of a polymer of acrylic acid butyl ester, butadiene and 5% of acrylamide,
50 g./l. of a aqueous solution of polyacrylamide,
30 g./l. of a 50% aqueous solution of trimethylol melamine and 3 g./l. of ammonium chloride.
4 After the impregnation, the felt is freed of excess fluid by squeezing, dried at C. and then heated for 5 minutes at C.
Example 2 A felt prepared as in Example 1 is impregnated with a fluid of the following composition:
470 g./l. of a 37% dispersion of a polymer of acrylic acid butyl ester, 5% of acrylamide and 5% of methacrylamido-N-methylol methyl ether and 4 g./l. of ammonium chloride.
The subsequent treatment is effected in the same manner as in Example 1.
What we claim is:
1. A method for producing hat felt which comprises mixing rabbit hairs and polyacrylonitrile fibers, felting and pre-forming the mixture of fibers, applying to the thusformed product a mixture comprising (a) an aqueous dispersion of a polymer of acrylic acid butyl ester, acrylamide, and methacrylamido-N-methylol methyl ether and (b) ammonium chloride in solution in the aqueous phase, and then heat-curing the resultant product, thereby obtaining a permanently formed hat felt.
2. A hat felt comprising a mixture of rabbit hairs and acrylonitrile fibers bonded with a thermoset terpolymer of acrylic acid butyl ester, acrylamide and methacrylamido- N-methylol methyl ether.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,936,512 5/1960 Casse 28--72.3
EARL M. BERGERT, Primary Examiner W. E. HOAG, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1321862A CH469123A (en) | 1962-11-12 | 1962-11-12 | Method of making hat felt |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3467571A true US3467571A (en) | 1969-09-16 |
Family
ID=4390446
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US3467571D Expired - Lifetime US3467571A (en) | 1962-11-12 | 1967-01-06 | Hat felt and the method of making it |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3467571A (en) |
BE (1) | BE639693A (en) |
CH (1) | CH469123A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1435751A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1056285A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104720126A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-24 | 江苏恒源丝绸集团有限公司 | Acrylic yarn composite fabric |
CN106222793A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-14 | 宜兴润德纺织品制造有限公司 | A kind of highly elastic fiber for cloth braiding of weaving and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2936512A (en) * | 1954-05-05 | 1960-05-17 | Casse Marcel | Method of manufacturing blanks of articles of felt and automatic machine therefor |
-
0
- BE BE639693D patent/BE639693A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-11-12 CH CH1321862A patent/CH469123A/en unknown
-
1963
- 1963-10-15 DE DE19631435751 patent/DE1435751A1/en active Pending
- 1963-11-08 GB GB4409463A patent/GB1056285A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-01-06 US US3467571D patent/US3467571A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2936512A (en) * | 1954-05-05 | 1960-05-17 | Casse Marcel | Method of manufacturing blanks of articles of felt and automatic machine therefor |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104720126A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-24 | 江苏恒源丝绸集团有限公司 | Acrylic yarn composite fabric |
CN106222793A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-14 | 宜兴润德纺织品制造有限公司 | A kind of highly elastic fiber for cloth braiding of weaving and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1056285A (en) | 1967-01-25 |
DE1435751A1 (en) | 1970-05-06 |
CH469123A (en) | 1969-02-28 |
BE639693A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3137589A (en) | Production of bonded fiber fleeces | |
US2336797A (en) | Felted product | |
US2811769A (en) | Process for preparing an asphalt-bonded glass fiber mat | |
US2430868A (en) | Process for treating fibrous materials | |
DE1281387B (en) | Process for the production of nonwovens | |
US2459804A (en) | Shaped felted structures | |
US2962762A (en) | Manufacture of non-woven two dimensional structures from fibers | |
US2497117A (en) | Method of surface-bonding fibrous batts | |
US3034927A (en) | Manufacture of synthetic leather | |
US3467571A (en) | Hat felt and the method of making it | |
DE2521292A1 (en) | Full non-woven fabrics of low density - made from blends of self-crimping and fibrillated acrylonitrile fibres | |
DE2825140A1 (en) | THERMAL LATEX IMPREGNANT COMPOSITION, MANUFACTURING AND USE | |
DE1277191C2 (en) | Process for the production of bonded fiber nonwovens | |
GB993472A (en) | Fibrous non-woven sheet materials and the production thereof | |
US2769584A (en) | Method of permanently pleating fabrics | |
GB1248840A (en) | Wet fixation of resins in fiber systems for durable press products | |
US3776768A (en) | Strengthened fibre fleeces | |
US3288631A (en) | Production of non-woven fiber webs stable to water | |
DE2325677A1 (en) | ETHYLENE / VINYL CHLORIDE / N-METHYLOLACRYLAMIDE / N- (ALCOXYMETHYL) ACRYLAMIDE | |
US4649169A (en) | Crosslinked vinyl polymer compositions and process for preparing molded shaped articles | |
US3558429A (en) | Method for manufacturing nonwoven fibrous products from gel fibers | |
DE897090C (en) | Process for the production of molded articles of leather-like texture from fibers and binders | |
AT272684B (en) | Process for the production of hat felt stumps | |
DE821485C (en) | Process for the production of artificial leather | |
JPH06220724A (en) | Method for treating polystyrene foam waste |