US3464625A - Method and means for making snow - Google Patents

Method and means for making snow Download PDF

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Publication number
US3464625A
US3464625A US518705A US3464625DA US3464625A US 3464625 A US3464625 A US 3464625A US 518705 A US518705 A US 518705A US 3464625D A US3464625D A US 3464625DA US 3464625 A US3464625 A US 3464625A
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United States
Prior art keywords
water
air
snow
compressed air
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US518705A
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English (en)
Inventor
Osten Carlsson
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Atlas Copco AB
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Atlas Copco AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlas Copco AB filed Critical Atlas Copco AB
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Publication of US3464625A publication Critical patent/US3464625A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/466—Arrangements of nozzles with a plurality of nozzles arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air

Definitions

  • a means for making snow from atomized water into the ambient atmosphere having a freezing point lower than water the means including a housing in which water and compressed air are directed, the housing including a tube containing an elongated conically widening expansion nozzle having a throat at its inner end. There is an annular gap provided in the tube around the throat for delivering compressed air thereto to create a jet of water particles for ejection from the nozzle under simultaneous expansion and cooling in the nozzle of the air creating and ejecting the particles.
  • a pump is provided in the water conduit leading to the nozzle and means is provided for forcing water under pressure into the throat.
  • a valve is provided in the water conduit for regulating pressure of the water to control the effective area of the gap offered to the compressed air in the housing, the intake tube having an internal taper converging toward the throat so that the throat acts as a water-driven suction jet pump preventing flooding of the air line when the air pressure therein is insufficient.
  • the invention relates to a method and means for making snow.
  • Snow has been made artificially before, more particularly by the delivery of compressed air and water into a mixing chamber, in which a jet of water particles was formed by the compressed air and ejected thereby out into the ambient cold atmosphere.
  • a jet of water particles was formed by the compressed air and ejected thereby out into the ambient cold atmosphere.
  • a set of exchangeable nozzles at the transition between the mixing chamber and the ambient air for purposes of throttling the outlet in order to adapt it and the jet to temperature variations in the ambient atmosphere.
  • This adaptation was also supported by influencing the incoming water pressure as well as the compressed air pressure and thus the handling of the system became quite cumbersome.
  • the throttling nozzles also resisted outward flow of water at insufficient air pressure which resulted in flooding and subsequent freezing of air lines and sources on occasions when the latter by some reason became inoperative. It has been proposed to use simple atomizing nozzles of jet pump type for purposes of ejecting the jet directly into the atmosphere but this proposition has not resulted in any practically useful apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing the snow making means according to the invention mounted on a stand and coupled to form a system with lines for the delivery of water and compressed air.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the snow making means in FIG. 1.
  • the snowmaking means includes a housing 10 which is connected to a ball joint 12 by means of a shaft portion 11.
  • a clamping nut 13 actuatable by a handle 14
  • the ball joint 12 and shaft portion 11 can be locked in variable angular position relative to a mounting 15 on a tripod stand 16.
  • the stand 16 includes legs 17 by which it can be placed on the ground.
  • One of the legs 17 may be provided with a telescoping extension 18 which by means of a screw 19 permits longitudinal adjustment of said leg 17 so that the mounting 15 can be levelled without regard to inclination of the ground.
  • the housing in FIG. 2 carries a laterally directed connecting tube 20 to which a compressed air hose or line 21 is connected. At the rear portion of the housing 10 is disposed a water intake tube 22 which is connected to a water supply hose 23.
  • an elongated expansion nozzle 24 Coaxially with the intake tube 22 there is provided in the housing 10 an elongated expansion nozzle 24, which by means of threads 25 can be adjusted axially with respect to the intake tube 22 so that an annular gap 26, through which the compressed air enters into the mixing zone or passage 27 of the housing 10, can be adjusted as to its width.
  • the compressed air is conducted to the annular gap 26 from the connecting tube 20 via a lateral bore 28 in the housing 10 to an inner air chamber 30 therein surrounding the water intake tube 22.
  • the air chamber 30 is sealed by means of an O-ring 31 placed around the expansion nozzle 24.
  • the nozzle 24 In front of the mixing zone 27 which is formed by a throat provided at the inner end of the nozzle 24, the nozzle 24 widens conically forming an elongated expansion channel 32.
  • the water intake tube 22 has an internal taper converging towards the minimum cross-sectional internal area of the throat or passage 27.
  • the shaft portion 11 of the ball joint 12 is provided with a threaded portion 33 by which it is connected to the outer end of the connecting tube 20.
  • the housing 10 is used together with a suitable compressor plant, indicated by the arrow 35, from which compressed air, if desired via an air cooled aftercooler 36, is delivered to a main air line 37 substantially at ambient temperature.
  • a suitable compressor plant indicated by the arrow 35
  • compressed air if desired via an air cooled aftercooler 36
  • a main air line 37 substantially at ambient temperature.
  • To the main air line are connected one or more housings 10 by means of the compressed air hoses 21 which are opened or closed by means of air valves 38.
  • a Water source 40 from which water is pumped under pressure by means of a pump 41 to a main line 42.
  • the Water supply hoses 23 of the housings 10 are connected to this main line 42 via adjustable throttling valves 43.
  • the air lines 21 are adjusted for full air supply to the air chamber 30 of the housing 10 by fully opening the air valves 38. Thereupon one sets via the water valves 43 a suitable incoming water pressure in the water intake tube 22 with respect to the actual air temperature. When said temperature lies below the freezing point of water, one searches by adjustment of the water valve 43 for the vest valve setting for forming ice crystals of snow character in and outwardly of the expansion nozzle 24, taking into account the actual outer temperature.
  • the ball joint 12 and the clamping nut 13 By means of the ball joint 12 and the clamping nut 13 one adjusts the desired throwing angle for the nozzles 24 so that the ice crystals are ejected into the atmosphere falling on the ground at the desired spot and the system is left working until the desired snow depth is reached. Thereupon the stand 16 is moved or the angle of adjustment is changed at the ball joint 12 so that adjacent ground portions can be covered eventually by the desired snow depth.
  • the water valve 43 one adjusts the water quantity forced into the water intake tube 22.
  • the effective area of the annular gap 26 around the passage 27 offered to the compressed air a in chamber 30 is influenced so that the ratio between the incoming air quantity and the incoming water quantity to the zone 27 may be influenced effectively and adapted to variations of the outer temperature solely through manipulation of the water valve 43.
  • Effective snow formation normally takes place when the quantity of the supplied free compressed air in litres per minutes relates to the quantity of incoming water in litres per minute in a ratio lying between 400:1 and 50:1. For best results this ratio is changed through manipulation of the water valve 43 so that snow formation is at its best with respect to the actual outer temperature.
  • the water valve 43 can also be regulated for providing a basic layer of comparatively wet snow of high carrying capacity at the beginning of the snow coating process which basic layer freezes on the ground, whereupon the work .is finished by spraying a dry layer of cover snow suitable for skiing.
  • the housing can if necessary, be operated under the cooling of ice so that the waterparticles in the expansion channel 32 proper are leaving the nozzle 24 as ice crystals having the character of snow.
  • the tapered intake tube 22 directs a compact stream of water towards and through the minimum cross sectional area of the throat 27, whereby the latter acts as a water driven suction jet pump preventing flooding of the air system.
  • the free flow of water through housing 10 also keeps the water mass under movement which is also apt to minimize freezing of the system.
  • a method for making snow out of water which is atomized by the aid of compressed air and ejected as a jet of discrete particles into the ambient atmosphere when the latter has a temperature lower than the freezing point of water, said atomization being performed by the aid of and in the mixing zone of a jet pump coupled to receive compressed air and water for said atomization, said method comprising the combined steps of:
  • Means for making snow out of water which is atomized by the aid of compressed air and is ejected as a jet of discrete particles into the ambient atmosphere when the latter has a temperature lower than the freezing point of water, said means comprising in combination:
  • a housing a water intake tube in said housing
  • water conduit means connected to said housing for supplying water to said tube, an air chamber in said housing around said tube,
  • said throat longitudinally overlaps said water intake tube to form an annular gap between said tube and said noozle around the inside surface of said throat for delivering compressed air thereto to create said jet of water particles therein and out through said nozzle under simultaneous expansion and cooling in the nozzle of the air creating and ejecting the particles,
  • said intake tube having an internal tapered conversion toward said throat whereby said throat acts as a water driven suction jet pump preventing flooding of the air line when the air pressure therein is insufficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US518705A 1965-01-22 1966-01-04 Method and means for making snow Expired - Lifetime US3464625A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE84165A SE210243C1 (da) 1965-01-22 1965-01-22

Publications (1)

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US3464625A true US3464625A (en) 1969-09-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US518705A Expired - Lifetime US3464625A (en) 1965-01-22 1966-01-04 Method and means for making snow

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3464625A (da)
AT (1) AT267560B (da)
CA (1) CA791579A (da)
CH (1) CH440345A (da)
DE (1) DE1937338U (da)
FR (1) FR1464474A (da)
SE (1) SE210243C1 (da)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596476A (en) * 1968-04-08 1971-08-03 Linde Ag Process and system for making artificial snow
US3706414A (en) * 1970-10-07 1972-12-19 Herman K Dupre Apparatus for making snow
US3716190A (en) * 1970-10-27 1973-02-13 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Atomizing method
US3761020A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-25 J Tropeano Method and apparatus for snow making
US3774842A (en) * 1972-08-14 1973-11-27 Hedco Method of preserving ice nuclei for snow formation
US3814319A (en) * 1969-01-07 1974-06-04 Body A Method and apparatus for making snow
US3923247A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-12-02 Command Engineering Internatio Snowmaking device
US4275833A (en) * 1980-01-21 1981-06-30 Fairbank Brian H Snow-making apparatus
USD274498S (en) 1982-06-18 1984-07-03 Ash Robert M Swivel support for a snow making machine
US4746064A (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-05-24 Suga Weathering Technology Foundation Snow generating and snowfall apparatus
US4767054A (en) * 1987-01-23 1988-08-30 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
US4768711A (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-09-06 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
US4792093A (en) * 1987-03-04 1988-12-20 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Artificial snow wetting apparatus
US4798331A (en) * 1986-12-24 1989-01-17 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Artificial snow production apparatus
US4813597A (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-03-21 Rogers Corporation Anti-icing snowgun
US4916911A (en) * 1987-05-21 1990-04-17 Dendrite Associates, Inc. Snowmaking process and apparatus
US4993635A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-02-19 Dupre Herman K Portable snow making tower
US5083707A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-01-28 Dendrite Associates, Inc. Nucleator
US5090619A (en) * 1990-08-29 1992-02-25 Pinnacle Innovations Snow gun having optimized mixing of compressed air and water flows
US5097657A (en) * 1989-12-07 1992-03-24 Sundstrand Corporation Method of fabricating a fuel injector
US5102044A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-07 Nkk Corporation Method for producing snow and apparatus therefor
US5135167A (en) * 1990-04-27 1992-08-04 J. A. White & Associates Ltd., O/A Delta Engineering Snow making, multiple nozzle assembly
US5331826A (en) * 1992-10-02 1994-07-26 Icecycle Corporation Ice rink making equipment and process for resurfacing ice
US5520331A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Liquid atomizing nozzle
US6029898A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-02-29 Dupre; Herman K. Snow making tower and method of manufacture
US6168089B1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-01-02 Herman K. Dupre Snow making tower with antifreeze precooling system
US7290722B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2007-11-06 Snow Machines, Inc. Method and apparatus for making snow
EP2249107A1 (de) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-10 Bächler Top Track AG Beschneiungssystem und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von künstlichem Schnee
EP3112782A1 (de) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-04 Frank Wille Beschneiungsanlage
US11105548B2 (en) * 2016-02-15 2021-08-31 Technoalpin Holding S.P.A. Nucleation nozzle and method for forming freezing nuclei
US12460361B1 (en) * 2017-06-03 2025-11-04 Abdhish Bhavsar Portable ice rink sprinkler

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3494559A (en) * 1967-10-31 1970-02-10 Charles M Skinner Snow making system
US3908903A (en) * 1974-02-11 1975-09-30 Jr Samuel L Burns Snow making apparatus and method
FR2454593A1 (fr) * 1979-04-20 1980-11-14 York Sa Froid Indl Appareil haute pression de production de neige artificielle avec reglage du melange air/eau en fonction de la temperature humide de l'air ambiant
FR2617273B1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1989-11-17 Passerat Jean Louis Canon a neige pour la production de neige artificielle

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US501164A (en) * 1893-07-11 Benjamin roberts
US1835603A (en) * 1928-07-16 1931-12-08 Jr Albert E Kincaid Ejector
FR765446A (fr) * 1933-12-13 1934-06-09 Materiel D Incendie Drouville Perfectionnements aux appareils à faire le vide
US1962547A (en) * 1932-05-14 1934-06-12 Oscar U Zerk Tripod
FR869312A (fr) * 1940-09-30 1942-01-29 Lemoine Ets Brûleur à gaz
US2571069A (en) * 1948-03-12 1951-10-09 Russell M Shearman Artificial snow machine
US3212217A (en) * 1963-05-28 1965-10-19 Tex Tube Inc Cleaning device
US3279703A (en) * 1964-08-03 1966-10-18 Douglas C Steltz Hydro therapeutic fluid nozzle
US3301485A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-01-31 Joseph C Tropeano Method and apparatus for making frozen particles

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US501164A (en) * 1893-07-11 Benjamin roberts
US1835603A (en) * 1928-07-16 1931-12-08 Jr Albert E Kincaid Ejector
US1962547A (en) * 1932-05-14 1934-06-12 Oscar U Zerk Tripod
FR765446A (fr) * 1933-12-13 1934-06-09 Materiel D Incendie Drouville Perfectionnements aux appareils à faire le vide
FR869312A (fr) * 1940-09-30 1942-01-29 Lemoine Ets Brûleur à gaz
US2571069A (en) * 1948-03-12 1951-10-09 Russell M Shearman Artificial snow machine
US3212217A (en) * 1963-05-28 1965-10-19 Tex Tube Inc Cleaning device
US3279703A (en) * 1964-08-03 1966-10-18 Douglas C Steltz Hydro therapeutic fluid nozzle
US3301485A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-01-31 Joseph C Tropeano Method and apparatus for making frozen particles

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596476A (en) * 1968-04-08 1971-08-03 Linde Ag Process and system for making artificial snow
US3760598A (en) * 1968-04-08 1973-09-25 Linde Ag Process for making artificial snow
US3814319A (en) * 1969-01-07 1974-06-04 Body A Method and apparatus for making snow
US3706414A (en) * 1970-10-07 1972-12-19 Herman K Dupre Apparatus for making snow
US3716190A (en) * 1970-10-27 1973-02-13 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Atomizing method
US3761020A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-09-25 J Tropeano Method and apparatus for snow making
US3774842A (en) * 1972-08-14 1973-11-27 Hedco Method of preserving ice nuclei for snow formation
US3923247A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-12-02 Command Engineering Internatio Snowmaking device
US4275833A (en) * 1980-01-21 1981-06-30 Fairbank Brian H Snow-making apparatus
USD274498S (en) 1982-06-18 1984-07-03 Ash Robert M Swivel support for a snow making machine
US4746064A (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-05-24 Suga Weathering Technology Foundation Snow generating and snowfall apparatus
US4768711A (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-09-06 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
US4798331A (en) * 1986-12-24 1989-01-17 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Artificial snow production apparatus
US4767054A (en) * 1987-01-23 1988-08-30 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Apparatus for changing artificial snow to wet snow
US4792093A (en) * 1987-03-04 1988-12-20 Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. Artificial snow wetting apparatus
US4916911A (en) * 1987-05-21 1990-04-17 Dendrite Associates, Inc. Snowmaking process and apparatus
US4813597A (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-03-21 Rogers Corporation Anti-icing snowgun
US5102044A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-07 Nkk Corporation Method for producing snow and apparatus therefor
US4993635A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-02-19 Dupre Herman K Portable snow making tower
US5097657A (en) * 1989-12-07 1992-03-24 Sundstrand Corporation Method of fabricating a fuel injector
US5083707A (en) * 1990-03-05 1992-01-28 Dendrite Associates, Inc. Nucleator
US5135167A (en) * 1990-04-27 1992-08-04 J. A. White & Associates Ltd., O/A Delta Engineering Snow making, multiple nozzle assembly
US5090619A (en) * 1990-08-29 1992-02-25 Pinnacle Innovations Snow gun having optimized mixing of compressed air and water flows
US5331826A (en) * 1992-10-02 1994-07-26 Icecycle Corporation Ice rink making equipment and process for resurfacing ice
US5520331A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Liquid atomizing nozzle
US6029898A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-02-29 Dupre; Herman K. Snow making tower and method of manufacture
US6168089B1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-01-02 Herman K. Dupre Snow making tower with antifreeze precooling system
US7290722B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2007-11-06 Snow Machines, Inc. Method and apparatus for making snow
EP2249107A1 (de) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-10 Bächler Top Track AG Beschneiungssystem und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von künstlichem Schnee
WO2010128036A1 (de) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Baechler Top Track Ag Beschneiungssystem und verfahren zum erzeugen von künstlichem schnee
EP3112782A1 (de) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-04 Frank Wille Beschneiungsanlage
US11105548B2 (en) * 2016-02-15 2021-08-31 Technoalpin Holding S.P.A. Nucleation nozzle and method for forming freezing nuclei
US12460361B1 (en) * 2017-06-03 2025-11-04 Abdhish Bhavsar Portable ice rink sprinkler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1937338U (de) 1966-04-28
CA791579A (en) 1968-08-06
CH440345A (de) 1967-07-31
AT267560B (de) 1969-01-10
FR1464474A (fr) 1966-12-30
SE210243C1 (da) 1967-01-10

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