US3463636A - Constant conductivity alloys - Google Patents
Constant conductivity alloys Download PDFInfo
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- US3463636A US3463636A US606574A US3463636DA US3463636A US 3463636 A US3463636 A US 3463636A US 606574 A US606574 A US 606574A US 3463636D A US3463636D A US 3463636DA US 3463636 A US3463636 A US 3463636A
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- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- alloy
- constant conductivity
- conductivity
- constant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
Definitions
- the priorart alloys of 97.9% gold-2.1% chromium; 84% copper- 12% manganese-4% nickel (manganin); and 60% copper-40% nickel (constantan) must be employed within a narrow range of a few centigrade degrees of ambient temperature in order to exhibit a degree of constant conductivity.
- Other attempts to produce constant electrical conductivity materials have involved the use of composite structures in which the conductivity changes that occur in difierent parts of the structure counteract each other giving an overall constant conductivity to the structure.
- Alloys according to this invention are ternary alloys comprising a major proportion of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, iridium, palladium, gold, or silver, which is alloyed with a minor proportion of tungsten, and a minor proportion of rhenium. These ternary alloys exhibit only slight deviation in conductivity over temperatures ranging from 70 to 500 K. Constant conductivity with no deviation has been obtained over a temperature range of 100 K. to about 220 K. using these alloys.
- alloy formation may be accomplished by melting the three separate metals, a shorter way takes advantage of available alloys containing tungsten-% rhenium.
- tungsten-rhenium alloy preparation of the constant conductivity alloys is somewhat simplified since the melting and solution of only two solid ingredients is necessary.
- alloy production simply constitutes the melting of 70% to 90% by weight of one of the noble metals with 10 to by weight of the tungsten-25% rhenium alloy. Alloy preparation is accomplished by standard art procedures. The metal components are placed in a water-cooled copper crucible and melted in an electric-arc furnace under an inert gas. To improve alloy homogeneity, the alloy specimens are remelted several times.
- Ductility of these ternary alloys is widely variant. Heat treatments may be employed to increase the ductility of the alloys. Where this heat treatment is not desirable because of adverse effects on the electrical properties, constant conductivity devices may be fabricated by standard art techniques of painting a slurry of the alloy components on a ceramic substrate and heating to produce alloy formation.
- Alloys of this invention may be soldered, brazed, and welded to all forms of electrical conductors by standard art techniques.
- a constant conductivity ternary alloy consisting essentially of -90 weight percent of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, iridium, palladium, gold, and silver; 7-23 weight percent tungsten; and 2-8 weight percent rhenium, the alloy possessing a relatively constant conductivity over .a temperature range of from about 70 to about 500 K.
- An electrical resistor comprising an alloy consisting essentially of 70 weight percent platinum, 22.5 weight percent tungsten, and 7.5 weight percent rhenium, the alloy possessing a relatively constant conductivity over a temperature range of from about 70 to about 500 K.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Oflice 3,463,636 Patented Aug. 26, 1969 3,463,636 CONSTANT CONDUCTIVITY ALLOYS John R. Ogren, La Palma, Califi, assignor to TRW Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif., a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Filed Jan. 3, 1967, Ser. No. 606,574 Int. Cl. C22c 5/00 U.S. Cl. 75-165 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Prior-art constant conductivity alloys, in general, must be confined to a narrow range of temperatures in order to exhibit constant conductivity. Even within this narrow temperature range, undesirable deviations may be detected in the conductivity of the prior-art alloys. The priorart alloys of 97.9% gold-2.1% chromium; 84% copper- 12% manganese-4% nickel (manganin); and 60% copper-40% nickel (constantan) must be employed within a narrow range of a few centigrade degrees of ambient temperature in order to exhibit a degree of constant conductivity. Other attempts to produce constant electrical conductivity materials have involved the use of composite structures in which the conductivity changes that occur in difierent parts of the structure counteract each other giving an overall constant conductivity to the structure.
Alloys according to this invention, are ternary alloys comprising a major proportion of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, iridium, palladium, gold, or silver, which is alloyed with a minor proportion of tungsten, and a minor proportion of rhenium. These ternary alloys exhibit only slight deviation in conductivity over temperatures ranging from 70 to 500 K. Constant conductivity with no deviation has been obtained over a temperature range of 100 K. to about 220 K. using these alloys.
While alloy formation may be accomplished by melting the three separate metals, a shorter way takes advantage of available alloys containing tungsten-% rhenium. By using the tungsten-rhenium alloy, preparation of the constant conductivity alloys is somewhat simplified since the melting and solution of only two solid ingredients is necessary. Thus, alloy production simply constitutes the melting of 70% to 90% by weight of one of the noble metals with 10 to by weight of the tungsten-25% rhenium alloy. Alloy preparation is accomplished by standard art procedures. The metal components are placed in a water-cooled copper crucible and melted in an electric-arc furnace under an inert gas. To improve alloy homogeneity, the alloy specimens are remelted several times.
The following table shows a comparison between priorart constant conductivity alloys and the constant conductivity alloy of this invention.
Temperatureindependent resistivity Temperature value, microrange for a Material ohm-cm. a( C.)- value K.
70% Pt-22.5%W-7.5% Re 11, 200 -0 100-220 97.9% Ail-2.1% Cr.. 32 0.1X10- 291-308 84% Cu-12% Mn-4% Ni (manganin) 10 (l0- near 298 Cu-40% Ni (constantan) 44 8X10- near 298 1 do =I a p (17 '=resistivity of sample material (ohm-cm). T =Ternperature (K.).
From the table it is seen that the temperature range over which the resistivity of the new alloy remains constant is much more extensive than that of competitive alloys. The a-values for the competitive alloy are seen .to be applicable only to a narrow temperature range.
If a wider temperature range is considered for the competitive alloys, then the average a-values also increase. Furthermore, because of high resistivity, it will be possible to make with alloys of this invention, small compact constant conductivity components which will minimize stray electromagnetic interactions.
Ductility of these ternary alloys is widely variant. Heat treatments may be employed to increase the ductility of the alloys. Where this heat treatment is not desirable because of adverse effects on the electrical properties, constant conductivity devices may be fabricated by standard art techniques of painting a slurry of the alloy components on a ceramic substrate and heating to produce alloy formation.
Alloys of this invention may be soldered, brazed, and welded to all forms of electrical conductors by standard art techniques.
I claim:
1. A constant conductivity ternary alloy consisting essentially of -90 weight percent of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, iridium, palladium, gold, and silver; 7-23 weight percent tungsten; and 2-8 weight percent rhenium, the alloy possessing a relatively constant conductivity over .a temperature range of from about 70 to about 500 K.
2. An electrical resistor comprising an alloy consisting essentially of 70 weight percent platinum, 22.5 weight percent tungsten, and 7.5 weight percent rhenium, the alloy possessing a relatively constant conductivity over a temperature range of from about 70 to about 500 K.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,407,525 2/1922 Fry 172 1,978,198 10/1934 Handforth 75172 X 2,300,286 10/1942 Gwyn 75--165 X 2,344,597 3/1944 Chaston et al 75-172 2,370,242 2/ 1945 Hensel et al 75l65 2,391,458 12/1945 Hensel 75172 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,383,618 11/1964 France.
CHARLES N. LOVELL, !Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US60657467A | 1967-01-03 | 1967-01-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3463636A true US3463636A (en) | 1969-08-26 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US606574A Expired - Lifetime US3463636A (en) | 1967-01-03 | 1967-01-03 | Constant conductivity alloys |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3833410A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1974-09-03 | Trw Inc | High stability thin film alloy resistors |
US4444728A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1984-04-24 | Engelhard Corporation | Iridium-rhenium crucible |
US20020093417A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-07-18 | Reiner Gross | Electrical resistor with thermal voltage prevention |
US6511632B1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2003-01-28 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Cathode material of electron beam device and preparation method thereof |
US20110220511A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Xtalic Corporation | Electrodeposition baths and systems |
US20120070688A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-03-22 | Xtalic Corporation | Coated articles and methods |
WO2016069547A3 (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-06-09 | Brown University | Beta tungsten thin films with giant spin hall effect for use in compositions and structures |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1407525A (en) * | 1920-04-02 | 1922-02-21 | Wilson H A Co | Platinum alloy |
US1978198A (en) * | 1931-10-27 | 1934-10-23 | Du Pont | Process of oxidizing ammonia and catalyst therefor |
US2300286A (en) * | 1941-05-08 | 1942-10-27 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Electrical contact |
US2344597A (en) * | 1941-03-18 | 1944-03-21 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Electrode for sparking plugs |
US2370242A (en) * | 1943-01-15 | 1945-02-27 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Refractory metal composition |
US2391458A (en) * | 1944-03-14 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark gap electrode |
FR1383618A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1964-12-24 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Platinum alloy for spark plug electrodes |
-
1967
- 1967-01-03 US US606574A patent/US3463636A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1407525A (en) * | 1920-04-02 | 1922-02-21 | Wilson H A Co | Platinum alloy |
US1978198A (en) * | 1931-10-27 | 1934-10-23 | Du Pont | Process of oxidizing ammonia and catalyst therefor |
US2344597A (en) * | 1941-03-18 | 1944-03-21 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Electrode for sparking plugs |
US2300286A (en) * | 1941-05-08 | 1942-10-27 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Electrical contact |
US2370242A (en) * | 1943-01-15 | 1945-02-27 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Refractory metal composition |
US2391458A (en) * | 1944-03-14 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark gap electrode |
FR1383618A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | 1964-12-24 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Platinum alloy for spark plug electrodes |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3833410A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1974-09-03 | Trw Inc | High stability thin film alloy resistors |
US4444728A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1984-04-24 | Engelhard Corporation | Iridium-rhenium crucible |
US6511632B1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2003-01-28 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Cathode material of electron beam device and preparation method thereof |
US20020093417A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2002-07-18 | Reiner Gross | Electrical resistor with thermal voltage prevention |
US20110220511A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Xtalic Corporation | Electrodeposition baths and systems |
US20120070688A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-03-22 | Xtalic Corporation | Coated articles and methods |
US8445116B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-05-21 | Xtalic Corporation | Coated articles and methods |
US20130260176A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-10-03 | Xtalic Corporation | Coated articles and methods |
US8936857B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2015-01-20 | Xtalic Corporation | Coated articles and methods |
US9694562B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2017-07-04 | Xtalic Corporation | Coated articles and methods |
WO2016069547A3 (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-06-09 | Brown University | Beta tungsten thin films with giant spin hall effect for use in compositions and structures |
US10832711B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2020-11-10 | Brown University | Beta tungsten thin films with giant spin Hall effect for use in compositions and structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy |
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