US3462562A - Tap changer for transformers with elongated switch-over contact - Google Patents

Tap changer for transformers with elongated switch-over contact Download PDF

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Publication number
US3462562A
US3462562A US684459A US3462562DA US3462562A US 3462562 A US3462562 A US 3462562A US 684459 A US684459 A US 684459A US 3462562D A US3462562D A US 3462562DA US 3462562 A US3462562 A US 3462562A
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United States
Prior art keywords
contact
regulating
winding
switching
switch
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Expired - Lifetime
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US684459A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sivert Norman
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • Tap changers of the selector switch type where the closing and breaking under load takes place in the selector itself are usually combined with a power accumulator, for example a spring driving device in order to ensure rapid and safe operation.
  • a tap changer according to the invention which relates to a tap changer for transformers comprising a regulating selector with regulating winding and movable contact and also a change-over switch for switching over the connection of the main winding of the transformer to the regulating winding, where one of the fixed contacts of the regulating selector, the switch-over con tact, is connected to themain winding.
  • the invention is characterized in that the switch-over contact is elongated so that it covers substantially a complete contact division of the regulating selector.
  • the movable contact of the regulating selector moves over the switching contact
  • the change-over switch switches over and in known manner turns the voltage of the regulating winding in relation to that of the main winding. Since the spring driving device drives both the movable contact of the regulating selector and that of the changeover switch, and since these two contacts are connected mechanically there is no risk that the regulating winding will remain open for longer than the time taken by the switching operation itself.
  • the power used during the switch-over will be negligibly more than during a normal connecting step since during this connecting step the contact of the regulating selector glides along the switching contact and the necessary friction is negligible compared with the switching operation in the change-over switch.
  • the invention thus enables the use of smaller spring driving devices.
  • selector switches having one shaft and fixed contact fingers on the movable contact
  • at least one of these contact fingers will be situated in the gap between two fixed contacts and the distance between such a contact finger and the neighbouring fixed contact will be considerably less than the distance between two fixed contacts.
  • the entire voltage of the regulating winding will lie across the said short-distance, with the consequent risk of flash-over.
  • the selector switch according to the invention only the step-voltage can arise over said distance while the voltage of the regulating winding is over the distance between two fixed contacts.
  • FIGURE 1 shows the invention used for a tap changer with change-over switch.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the invention used for a tap changer with coarse/ fine connection and
  • FIGURE 3 shows a third use of the elongated contact according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 1 of the drawing the main Winding of the transformer is designated 1 and the regulating winding of the tap changer 2.
  • the main winding is connected at one end to the movable contact 3 of the plus/minus switch.
  • the ends of the regulating winding are connected to one each of the fixed contacts 4 and 5 of the plus/ minus switch.
  • the contact 4 is marked with and the contact 5 with which means that when the contact 3 is in the shown position the voltages of the two windings are in the same direction, plus-connection.
  • the movable contact 3 is journalled on a shaft 6.
  • the regulating winding 2 has a number of fixed contacts 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
  • the regulating winding 2. with its contacts and the movable contact 7 together form the regulating selector of the tap changer.
  • the distance between each of the contacts 20-29 is preferably the same and is called a connection step.
  • One end of the regulating winding 2 is connected to the fixed contact 4 of the plus/minus switch and the other end is connected to the contact 5.
  • a switching contact 8 is arranged between the contacts 20 and 29, the length of which corresponds to a connection step and it is connected directly to the movable contact 3 of the plus/minus switch and thus also to the main winding 1.
  • the movable contact 7 in the regulating selector may be made in different ways, but in the shown embodiment it has a main contact 9 and two resistance contacts 10 and 11.
  • the contact 10 is connected to the main contact 9 by a resistor 12 and in the same way the contact 11 is connected to the main contact by a resistor 13.
  • a conductor 14 is connected to the movable contact 7 and to a point 15 which forms one end of the total phase winding.
  • the other end of the phase winding is designated 16 and to this is connected the main winding 1.
  • the driving of the movable contacts 3 and 7 of the plus/minus switch and regulating selector, respectively, is coordinated and synchronized and takes place in a way known in principle.
  • a driving motor sets springs in a driving device and when the impulse to the switch arrives the spring driving device is released and the contact 7 of the regulating selector moves forward one step.
  • the contacts 3 and 7 are connected by means of a Maltese cross controlled by the contact 7 and influencing the plus/minus switch during only one step corresponding to the switching contact 8.
  • step voltage is so low that there is no risk of flash over.
  • step voltage is so low that there is no risk of flash over.
  • the contact 7 is at the left-hand edge of the contact 8, there is no risk of flashing over here either.
  • the plus/minus has changed over and connected the contact to the contact 8 so that there is now only step voltage between the contacts 11 and 20.
  • the main contact 9 of the movable contact 7 consists of two spring-loaded contact tongues which grip the flat fixed contact 20-29 and the switching contact 8, respectively, with considerable pressure in order to obtain good contact and low transition-resistance. This means that considerable force is necessary at switching over to press the two contact tongues apart so that they grip the stationary contact. This is also the case for the plus/minus switch. in known constructions both these operations take place simultaneously when the plus/minus switching is to take place and the driving device must therefore be dimensioned so that it is capable of switching both the contacts 3 and 9 simultaneously.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a tap changer of the coarse/fine connection type.
  • the switching contact 8 of the regulating selector is connected to a fixed contact 4 belonging to the change-over switch. This fixed contact is also connected to one end of the main winding 1 so that the switching contact 8 is permanently connected to the main winding.
  • the other fixed contact 5 of the change-over switch is connected to the main winding at a certain distance from the end which is connected to the contact 4.
  • the movable contact 3 of the change-over switch is journalled on the shaft 6 and is also permanently connected to one end of the regulating winding 2.
  • the tap changer is identical in construction and function to the type shown in FIGURE 1. Switching of the regulaing winding takes place during a short time interval when the movable contact 7 of the regulating selector slides on the switching contact 8 and there is no operating position when the regulating winding is open.
  • FIGURE 3 shows another embodiment of the invention.
  • the tap changer is moved from one end position past the center position where the change-over switch switches when the movable contact 7 slides over the switching contact, and on to its other end position.
  • the main contact 9 will then be situated on one of the fixed contacts 20 or 29 of the regulating winding.
  • One of the resistance contacts 10 or 11 will then be in the gap between the switching contact 8 and the fixed contact 20 or 29, on which the main contact 9 is situated. This means that almost the entire voltage of the regulating winding will lie across the relatively short distance between the switching contact and one of the resistance contacts, with consequent risk of flash-over between them.
  • the figure shows how the two contacts nearest the switching contact are extended so that in the same way they extend around substantially a complete contact division of the regulating selector.
  • Tap changer for transformers including a regulating selector with a regulating winding and a movable contact and a change-over switch for changing over the connection between the main winding of the transformer and the regulating winding, one of the fixed contacts of the regulating selector constituting a switching contact connected to one end of the main winding of the transformer, said switching contact being elongated and its length being greater than the distance the movable contact moves during a complete switching step.
  • the fixed contacts of the regulating selector on both sides of and adjacent to the switching contact being elongated, the length of each of said two adjacent contacts being substantially equal to the length of the switching contact.
  • the change-over switch is of plus/minus type with a movable contact connected to one end of the main winding of the transformer and two fixed contacts, one of said fixed contacts being connected to one end of the regulating winding, the second of said fixed contacts being connected to the other end of the regulating winding, the movable contact of the regulating selector lying on the switching contact during the time for the switching movement of the plus/minus switch.
  • tape changer in which the change-over switch has a movable contact which is connected to one end of the regulating winding and two fixed contacts which are connected to different outputs of the winding of the transformer, characterized in that the switching contact of the regulating selector is connected to one fixed contact of the change-over switch.
  • Tap changer according to claim 5 characterized in that the switching contact is connected to the fixed contact of the change-over switch connected to one end of the transformer winding.
  • Tap changer according to claim 5 characterized in that one end of the regulating winding is connected to the movable contact of the change-over switch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
US684459A 1966-11-21 1967-11-20 Tap changer for transformers with elongated switch-over contact Expired - Lifetime US3462562A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE15880/66A SE322577B (xx) 1966-11-21 1966-11-21

Publications (1)

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US3462562A true US3462562A (en) 1969-08-19

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US684459A Expired - Lifetime US3462562A (en) 1966-11-21 1967-11-20 Tap changer for transformers with elongated switch-over contact

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US (1) US3462562A (xx)
GB (1) GB1196258A (xx)
SE (1) SE322577B (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614597A (en) * 1968-10-02 1971-10-19 Smit Nijmegen Electrotec Tapchangers for regulating transformers
US3783206A (en) * 1972-07-06 1974-01-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tap changing apparatus with improved contact structure to eliminate electrical fields across open interrupter switches
FR2406878A1 (fr) * 1977-10-22 1979-05-18 Reinhausen Kg Maschf Commutateur cylindrique pour changeur de prises en charge de transformateur de reglage
US4454396A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-06-12 Gte Automatic Electric Inc. Electrical switch for thick/thin film circuits
US6091032A (en) * 1997-10-04 2000-07-18 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2078445B (en) * 1980-06-17 1984-04-18 Ass Tapchangers Ltd An on-load tap selector

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US485619A (en) * 1892-11-08 Rheostatic controller for electric motors
US2177109A (en) * 1935-04-29 1939-10-24 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Voltage regulator
US2201642A (en) * 1936-12-18 1940-05-21 Siemens Ag Inductive regulator for coarse and fine regulation
US2693573A (en) * 1950-12-21 1954-11-02 Moloney Electric Company Transformer on-load tap changing mechanisms
US2878333A (en) * 1955-07-25 1959-03-17 Gen Electric Controlled speed tap changing mechanism
US3066208A (en) * 1958-12-08 1962-11-27 Wagner Electric Corp Tap changing apparatus
US3070964A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-01-01 Gen Electric Method of operating thermoelectric cooling unit

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US485619A (en) * 1892-11-08 Rheostatic controller for electric motors
US2177109A (en) * 1935-04-29 1939-10-24 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Voltage regulator
US2201642A (en) * 1936-12-18 1940-05-21 Siemens Ag Inductive regulator for coarse and fine regulation
US2693573A (en) * 1950-12-21 1954-11-02 Moloney Electric Company Transformer on-load tap changing mechanisms
US2878333A (en) * 1955-07-25 1959-03-17 Gen Electric Controlled speed tap changing mechanism
US3066208A (en) * 1958-12-08 1962-11-27 Wagner Electric Corp Tap changing apparatus
US3070964A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-01-01 Gen Electric Method of operating thermoelectric cooling unit

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614597A (en) * 1968-10-02 1971-10-19 Smit Nijmegen Electrotec Tapchangers for regulating transformers
US3783206A (en) * 1972-07-06 1974-01-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tap changing apparatus with improved contact structure to eliminate electrical fields across open interrupter switches
FR2406878A1 (fr) * 1977-10-22 1979-05-18 Reinhausen Kg Maschf Commutateur cylindrique pour changeur de prises en charge de transformateur de reglage
US4454396A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-06-12 Gte Automatic Electric Inc. Electrical switch for thick/thin film circuits
US6091032A (en) * 1997-10-04 2000-07-18 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer

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Publication number Publication date
GB1196258A (en) 1970-06-24
SE322577B (xx) 1970-04-13

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