US3461628A - Thermoplastic roof shingles - Google Patents

Thermoplastic roof shingles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3461628A
US3461628A US596877A US3461628DA US3461628A US 3461628 A US3461628 A US 3461628A US 596877 A US596877 A US 596877A US 3461628D A US3461628D A US 3461628DA US 3461628 A US3461628 A US 3461628A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roof
shingles
shingle
edges
corner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US596877A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael Wienand
Franz Primessing
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
    • E04D3/361—Connecting; Fastening by specially-profiled marginal portions of the slabs or sheets
    • E04D3/362—Connecting; Fastening by specially-profiled marginal portions of the slabs or sheets by locking the edge of one slab or sheet within the profiled marginal portion of the adjacent slab or sheet, e.g. using separate connecting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/20—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics; of asphalt; of fibrous materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2918—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of succeeding rows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/16—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/18—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any of groups E04D3/04, E04D3/06 or E04D3/16
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/24—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like
    • E04D3/32—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of plastics, fibrous materials, or asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
    • E04D2001/3414—Metal strips or sheet metal

Definitions

  • m m w is 35m 52:; a: $3 2: M m M m m m W 525 225 ii 225; mo :5? W w v m 09 $5; 558 E; 26:52 53% 5M 5;? 5x25 #5533 M m r w v On 252; w o
  • THERMOPLASTIC ROOF SHINGLES Filed Nov. 25, 1966 r 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 H06 FIG? INVENTORS MICHAEL WIENAND FRANZ PRIMESSING olceb ifg United States Patent 1 3,461,628 THERMOPLASTIC ROOF SHINGLES Michael Wienand, Siegburg, and Franz Primessing, Mondorf, Germany, assignors to Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft, Troisdorf, Germany v Filed Nov. 25, 1966, Ser. No. 596,877 Claims priority, application Germany, Nov. 26, 1965,
  • thermoplastic roof shingles having a particular construction.
  • the shingles are bent toward one side in a hook-like manner in the region of two adjacent edges, while a hook is also provided in the region of the other two edges by means of a marginal strip running along the entire length of the edges in the marginal Zone of the shingle. Accordingly, the shingles may be interconnected by means of their hooks with. the marginal strip of adjacent shingles.
  • the shingles also have truncated edges at the corners adjacent to the corner zone containing a nail hole or the like. The crack between the truncated sides when the shingles are laid may be sealed oh by means of corner Wedges having a construction as shown in FIGURES 4 and 5.
  • This invention relates to roofing and, in particular, roof shingles made of thermoplastic synthetic material and having a particular construction.
  • Plate-shaped square roof shingles made of synthetic material have been used as roofing in the prior art.
  • One embodiment thereof involves having these shingles formed into hooks along two adjacent edges, facing in one direction, and in the region of the other two adjacent edges, facing in the opposite direction, The width of these hooks is dimensioned such that the roof shingle can be interconnected by means of the free leg of the hooks with the hooks of additional adjacent roof shingles having the identical construction. Provision is made that these roof shingles are mounted, by means of a nail or the like, with one of their corners in a suspension arrangement on a support, for example, a wooden roof lath. r
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide roof shingles which overcome the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide roof shingles which may be used to construct a roof which is virtually impermeable to rain water, even under adverse conditions.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide advantageous roof shingles made of a thermoplastic material which may be constructed advantageously and efficaciously in an economical manner.
  • a roofing which is characterized by the use of a substantially square, plate-shaped roof shingle.
  • This shingle is bent toward one side in the manner of a hook in the region of two adjacent edges, while a hook is also provided in the region of the other'two edges by means of a marginal strip which is flat along the entire length of the edges in the marginal zone of the shingle.
  • the marginal strip may also be attached at a spacing from the edges in a straight line by means of gluing, welding or the like so that it firmly and tightly adheres thereto.
  • This marginal strip is offset in a step-wise manner in a direction at right angles to its longitudinal extension at about the center area thereof.
  • a nail hole or the like may be provided, if desired, within the connecting surface or outside of the connection line of the marginal strip.
  • a further feature of the shingle construction of the present invention is that the shingle plate is truncated or blunted at the corners positioned on both sides of the diagonal visualized as emanating from the corner zone containing the nail hole or the like in a parallel relationship to said diagonal.
  • the corner wedges also have an intermediate layer extending across the congruent quadrants of the upper and lower layer.
  • the intermediate layer is connected with the upper layer along the edges formed by the recess of the fourth quadrant by means of a web portion or a fillet having a height corresponding substantially to the thickness of the roof shingle plates or slabs, or of a height which is only slightly larger than this thickness.
  • the intermediate layer is also connected with the lower layer along the edges formed by the recess of the fourth quadrant by means of a web portion or a fillet having a height corresponding to three times the thickness of the roof shingle plates, or only slightly larger.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a plot of roof slope against wind velocity for various roof constructions. This plot indicates the limits within which the roofing remains tight, in dependence upon the roof slope and wind velocity, with a constant supply of Water at a rate of 50 liters per square meter per minute;
  • roofing made from prior art polyvinyl chloride roof shingles, for example, according to German utility model 1,883,161 ensures complete 'water-tightnessonly up to a wind velocity of about 45 km./h. when the slope of the roof is At a roof slope of such a roof shows complete water tightness only up to a wind velocity of about 55 km./h.
  • a roof made of this material retains its water tightness, with or without the insertion of sealing means, only up to a wind velocity of about 53 km./h. at a 10 roof slope.
  • FIGURES 2(2- and 2b show a fiat roof shingle, in accordance with the present invention, having a nail hole, in a plan view and in a sectional view, respectively.
  • FIGURES 3a and 3b show, in the same manner, a detailed view of FIGURES 2a and 2b, namely, a corner formed from three roof shingles according to FIGURE 2a.
  • FIGURES 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show a corner wedge, in accordance with the present invention, in various views.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates the engagement of the roof shingles of the present invention and the corner wedge, in a detailed view.
  • FIGURE 6 shows, in a further detailed view, a schematic illustration of a few laid roof shingles with corner wedges.
  • FIGURE 7 shows a section through a connecting corner along line A-B of FIGURE 6.
  • a roof shingle is formed from a thin fiat plate 1.
  • This plate is bent to form hook 2 along its two lower edges toward one single side.
  • the hook could also be formed by using a special part therefor.
  • the marginal strip 3 is applied by gluing, welding or the like.
  • the marginal strip 3 is offset step-wise at about the center portion thereof by an amount corresponding to its thickness, or a little larger.
  • connection between the plate 1 and the marginal strip 3 can be effected along the entire surface of the external part of the marginal strip 3 which is resting, according to FIGURE 21), on plate 1. Or, this connection can be effected only along a line extending close to the step-like shoulder.
  • a nail hole 4 may be provided in the upper corner of the shingle. The nail hole extends through the plate 1 and marginal strip 3. As a further feature of the construction of this shingle, the two lateral corners thereof are truncated in a line parallel to a diagonal visualized as emanating from the corner having the nail hole 4.
  • FIGURES 3a and 3b show three identical roof shingles having the construction of the present invention combined in the manner necessary for laying the same in a finished roof.
  • the two upper roof shingles as shown in FIGURE 3b, are engaged by means of their hooks 2 in the marginal strip 3 of the lower roof shingle.
  • the crack 5 present between the two upper roof shingles can be sealed off by means of the corner wedges 6 (illustrated in FIG- URES 4a-4c in the manner shown in FIGURE 5.
  • the corner wedge 6, illustrated at the bottom of FIGURE 5 wherein its configuration can clearly be seen, is pushed into the corner formed by the three combined roof shingles until the wedge abuts the same before the fourth roof shingle is interconnected, the latter being shown at the top of FIGURE 5.
  • the fourth roof shingle is hooked or hung with its hook-shaped edge into the marginal strip 3 of the two lateral roof shingles. This then terminates the roof laying operation.
  • the upper layer 8 extending across three quadrants is connected with the intermediate layer 9 along the two edges 10 and 11 by means of the webs 12.
  • the intermediate layer 9 is connected with the lower layer 13, again extending across three quadrants, along the two edges 14 and 15 by means 'of webs 16.
  • the corner wedge 6 can, of course, be constructed of one pice without any difiiculty. However, it is also possible to compose this wedge of several parts.
  • outside surface is meant the visible surface exposed to the elements.
  • the nail holes are also advantageously covered on the outside surface.
  • FIGURE 7 The manner in which the individual parts engage one another in a corner is fully illustrated in FIGURE 7.
  • the bold line in this figure indicates that a completely tight seal is established between the individual interlocking roof shingles.
  • roofing according to the present invention when employing the principle underlying the construction of the roof shingles, it is possible to provide numerous specific constructions for the roof shingles, for example, for passing antennae, ventilating means, etc. therethrough. These specific constructions are to be considered within the scope of the present invention.
  • the roof shingles of the present invention are advantageously constructed of a thermoplastic material, such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyurethanes, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
  • a thermoplastic material such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyurethanes, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
  • Polyvinyl chloride is the preferred thermoplastic material.
  • a substantially square roof shingle made of a thermoplastic material, said shingle having a hook-like bend in the region of two adjacent edges toward one side thereof and having a corresponding hook-like shape in the region of the other two edges in the direction of opposite side thereof, the latter hook-like shape being provided by a continuous marginal strip which is fiat along the entire length of the edges upon which it is disposed and is firmly and tightly adherent thereto, said marginal strip being offset in a step wise manner in a direction at right angles to its longitudinal extension at about the center thereof, and said shingle being truncated at the corners positioned on both sides of the diagonal visualized as emanating from one of the other corners thereof in a parallel relationship to said diagonal, wherein a corner zone between the two edges containing said marginal strip and spaced outwardly of the offset portion is provided with a mounting area.
  • a roof shingle according to claim 1 wherein said marginal strip is attached in a straight line at a spacing in from the edges upon which it is disposed.
  • thermoplastic material is polyvinyl chloride.
  • a corner-wedge roof shingle made of a thermoplastic material, said shingle having a upper layer extending across three quadrants, a lower layer, identical and opposite to said upper layer and congruent with the outer two of said three quadrants occupied by said upper layer, and an intermediate layer extending across said outer two of said three quadrants, said intermediate layer being connected to said upper layer by a first web portion at the edges of said upper layer formed by the recess of the fourth quadrant, said intermediate layer being connected also to said lower layer by a second web portion at the edges of said lower layer formed by the recess of the fourth quadrant.
  • a corner-wedge shingle according to claim 5 Wherein said second web portion has a height approximately three times the height of said first web portion.
  • roofing comprising, in combination, a plurality of shingles made of a thermoplastic material, each of said shingles having a hook-like bend in the region of two adjacent edges toward one side thereof and having a corresponding hook-like shape in the region of the other two edges in the direction of the opposite side thereof, the latter hook-like shape being provided by a continuous marginal strip which is flat along the entire length of the edges upon which it is disposed and is firmly and tightly adherent thereto, said marginal strip being offset in a stepwise manner in a direction at right angles to its longitudinal extension at about the center thereof, a corner zone between the two edges containing said marginal strip and spaced outwardly of the offset portion being provided with a mounting area, and said shingle being truncated at the corners positioned on both sides of the diagonal visualized as emanating from one of the other corners thereof in a parallel relationship to said diagonal.
  • roofing according to claim 8 wherein said mounting area includes a nail hole.
  • roofing according to claim 10 wherein the corner zone between the two edges containing said marginal strip of each of said shingles is provided with a nail hole.
  • roofing according to claim 10 wherein said first web portion has a height slightly greater than the thickness of the roof shingle adjacent to said corner-wedge shingle and said second web portion has a height approximately three times the height of said first web portion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US596877A 1965-11-26 1966-11-25 Thermoplastic roof shingles Expired - Lifetime US3461628A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0048759 1965-11-26

Publications (1)

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US3461628A true US3461628A (en) 1969-08-19

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US596877A Expired - Lifetime US3461628A (en) 1965-11-26 1966-11-25 Thermoplastic roof shingles

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US (1) US3461628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (2) AT282910B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE690205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH452854A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1609940A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK112767B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES333771A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1503051A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1168809A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU52296A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6616436A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999348A (en) * 1975-09-30 1976-12-28 Ball Corporation Watertight roof construction
US4226070A (en) * 1979-04-30 1980-10-07 Aragon Robert C Synthetic Spanish or Mission tile roofing system
US4307552A (en) * 1978-10-13 1981-12-29 Votte Andre T Synthetic roofing elements of the slate type and a method of manufacturing same
US5022207A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-06-11 Aluminum Company Of America Building panel having locking flange and locking receptacle
ES2438891A1 (es) * 2012-07-18 2014-01-20 José Luis GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA Sistema de cubrición de tejados inclinados con losetas de polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD)
US10458120B1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2019-10-29 Xiuming Zhang Metal roofing system with hook-ended roofing sheets and mating hold-downs

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29907252U1 (de) * 1999-04-23 1999-08-05 Koch Membranen GmbH & Co. KG Kunststofftechnologie, 83253 Rimsting Schneefangelement und -einrichtung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US558395A (en) * 1896-04-14 Gustav keebs
FR427360A (fr) * 1911-03-14 1911-08-02 Jean Bicais Tuiles métalliques pour toitures et leurs applications pour la réalisation de couverture pour batiments
FR509081A (fr) * 1920-01-24 1920-10-30 Raymond Duguet Tuiles perfectionnées
US2601833A (en) * 1947-03-12 1952-07-01 William D Olsen Interlocking shingle
US2824527A (en) * 1956-07-11 1958-02-25 George F Waske Lock joint shingle
US3101571A (en) * 1960-11-17 1963-08-27 George F Waske Universal nail tab for lock joint shingles
US3214876A (en) * 1962-12-10 1965-11-02 Mastic Corp Nail anchored building siding

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US558395A (en) * 1896-04-14 Gustav keebs
FR427360A (fr) * 1911-03-14 1911-08-02 Jean Bicais Tuiles métalliques pour toitures et leurs applications pour la réalisation de couverture pour batiments
FR509081A (fr) * 1920-01-24 1920-10-30 Raymond Duguet Tuiles perfectionnées
US2601833A (en) * 1947-03-12 1952-07-01 William D Olsen Interlocking shingle
US2824527A (en) * 1956-07-11 1958-02-25 George F Waske Lock joint shingle
US3101571A (en) * 1960-11-17 1963-08-27 George F Waske Universal nail tab for lock joint shingles
US3214876A (en) * 1962-12-10 1965-11-02 Mastic Corp Nail anchored building siding

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999348A (en) * 1975-09-30 1976-12-28 Ball Corporation Watertight roof construction
US4307552A (en) * 1978-10-13 1981-12-29 Votte Andre T Synthetic roofing elements of the slate type and a method of manufacturing same
US4226070A (en) * 1979-04-30 1980-10-07 Aragon Robert C Synthetic Spanish or Mission tile roofing system
US5022207A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-06-11 Aluminum Company Of America Building panel having locking flange and locking receptacle
ES2438891A1 (es) * 2012-07-18 2014-01-20 José Luis GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA Sistema de cubrición de tejados inclinados con losetas de polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD)
US10458120B1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2019-10-29 Xiuming Zhang Metal roofing system with hook-ended roofing sheets and mating hold-downs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES333771A1 (es) 1967-10-16
CH452854A (de) 1968-03-15
GB1168809A (en) 1969-10-29
NL6616436A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-05-29
BE690205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-05-02
LU52296A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-01-03
AT273447B (de) 1969-08-11
AT282910B (de) 1970-07-10
DE1609940A1 (de) 1970-07-16
FR1503051A (fr) 1967-11-24
DK112767B (da) 1969-01-13

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