US3460868A - Mining machine having oscillating cutting arms - Google Patents

Mining machine having oscillating cutting arms Download PDF

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Publication number
US3460868A
US3460868A US637707A US3460868DA US3460868A US 3460868 A US3460868 A US 3460868A US 637707 A US637707 A US 637707A US 3460868D A US3460868D A US 3460868DA US 3460868 A US3460868 A US 3460868A
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arms
hydraulic
oscillation
pump
fluid
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US637707A
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Thomas Luksich
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Lee Norse Co
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Lee Norse Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C31/00—Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam
    • E21C31/02—Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam for cutting or breaking-down devices
    • E21C31/04—Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam for cutting or breaking-down devices imparting both a rotary and reciprocating motion

Definitions

  • the pump a pilot-operated, camming-yoke-type, provides variable-pressure, hydraulic fluid flows of positive and negative values.
  • a hydraulic oscillation system supplies these flows to oscillate cylinders, which are crank-coupled to the cutter arms, in cooperative and successive cycles.
  • Jamming means operated by the cutter arms crank, moves a pilot valve which, in turn, controls hydraulic fluid pressures used to move the pump camming yoke back and forth in alternating over-center positions.
  • This invention pertains to continuous mining machines and especially to such machines having oscillating cutting arms.
  • Continuous mining machines known in prior art have hydraulic means for oscillating the cutting arms which comprise pairs of cylinders which simultaneously move the pistons cotnained therein, the pistons being coupled to the arms and the arms being mounted in ball sockets and coupled to each other.
  • the known devices oscillate the arms by addressing a high-volume, pressurized hydraulic fluid, which has a given direction, to one cylinder and an equal volume, pressurized fluid, which has an opposite direction to the other cylinder. With the bottomin of each piston, fluid having an alternate direction then must be addressed to each cylinder.
  • These devices require hydraulic systems that will quickly decelerate and halt hydraulic fluid flow, and the abrupt deceleration causes excessive loading of the hydraulic components and loss of hydraulic fluid.
  • some prior continuous miners employ mechanical means to oscillate the cutting arms.
  • an eccentric and an associated bell crank to oscillate the arms in a sinusoidal profile.
  • the limitations with the mechanical arrangement arise from their complex structure, the wearing of mechanical parts, the shearing of eccentric pins or other coupling components, and further they have dead center posi- 3,4tiiL868 Patented Aug. 12, 1969 tions at which the oscillation can easily be stalled.
  • the devices known in the prior art dispose the motors for the rotation of the cutting discs on the chassis and couple the output shafts of the motors to the cutting discs by means of universal joints. This disposition of the motors accommodates the elevation and lowering of the cutting arms.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a continuous miner having hydraulic means for oscillation of the cutting arms which employ variablepressure, hydraulic fluid flows of positive and negative values, and address them to oscillation system components in cooperative and successive cycles, diminishing the flow volumes to zero as they range between the positive and negative functions.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide means for rotation of the cutting arms, which means are carried by the arms so as to minimize the vertical profile of the miner, and to obviate the arising therefrom of any limitation in the elevation of the arms.
  • a feature of this invention is the use of a pilot-operated, camming-yoke-type, variable-volume hydraulic pump having means for smoothly and fully diminishing and then reversing the volumetric flow of pressurized fluid therefrom, continuously, to oscillate the cutting arms.
  • Another feature of this invention comprises the containment of a motor, which provides for rotation of the cutting discs, wholly within the arms.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a continuous miner according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the several systems of the novel miner of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic and mechanical diagram of the cuter arms oscillating linkage system
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the oscillation hydraulic power system
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic valving system
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the miner hydraulic power system
  • FIG. 7 is a chart of the functions of the fluid flow operation in the hydraulic oscillation arrangements.
  • FIGURE 1 The miner, shown generally at 1 in FIGURE 1 has a chassis 2 to the forward end of which are mounted cutter arms 3 having rotatable cutter discs 4 on the ends thereof.
  • the chassis 2 mounts a hydraulic cylinder 5 for elevation and lowering of the cutter arrns.
  • An under standing of the novel oscillation system for the cutter arms is best understood by review of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the cutter arms oscillating linkage system which derives its power from the oscillation hydraulic power system by way of the hydraulic valving system.
  • the miner hydraulic power system is principally concerned with providing hydraulic power to the miner tram and other control systems not wholly and immediately pertinent to the present invention, yet the miner hydraulic power system has an ancillary association with the oscillation hydraulic system which will be discussed in the subsequent text.
  • FIGURE 3 again illustrates one of the cutting arms 3, and it will be seen that arm 3 has a ball socket mounting 6 secured in a gusset 7 of the cutter boom frame 8.
  • a linkage 9 is connected to a lower crank 10 to which it is pivotally coupled by means of pivot couplings 11 and 12 at either ends thereof.
  • the lower crank 10 is fixed to an upper crank 13 which has coupled thereto at the ends thereof piston rods 14 by means of pivoted couplings 15.
  • Upper and lower cranks 10 and 13 are rotatably journaled on a trunnion 73 which is secured in the cutter boom frame 8.
  • the piston rods 14 mount pistons on the ends thereof which operate in the oscillation cylinders 16.
  • the oscillation cylinders 16 are pivotally mounted to a strut 17 of the cutter boom frame 8 by means of couplings 18.
  • a trip lever 19 is pivotally mounted at 20 so as to follow the oscillation of crank 13.
  • the trip lever mounts screw heads 21 which are adjustable in the trip lever by means of lock nuts 22.
  • At one end of the trip lever there extends therefrom a cam 23.
  • the cam 23 cooperates with a cam follower 24 extending from a schematically shown fourway pilot valve 25.
  • a control cylinder hydraulic line 26 is coupled to the pilot-valve, and a drain line 27 is directed to a reservoir tank 28.
  • a bias cylinder hydraulic line 29 is also coupled to the pilot valve.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a bias cylinder 30 and a control cylinder 31 coupled to a dual pump 32 across a variable volume section 33 of the dual pump.
  • Dual pump 32 has a vane section 34 which is driven in common with the associated variable volume section 33.
  • Dual pump 32 is driven by a 50 HP motor 35 through gear train 36 which also drives a variable volume pum 37.
  • Variable volume pump 37 produces a hydraulic pressure output which is communicated therefrom through miner operating control line 38.
  • a supercharging line 39 is directed to the dual pump variable volume section 33 through two check valves 40.
  • the output of the variable volume section 33 is conveyed by oscillation control lines 41 and 42.
  • the input for the vane section 34 is received from reservoir tank 28 by way of the hydraulic fluid input line 43.
  • FIGURE 5 shows the oscillation control lines 41 and 42 passed through the heat exchanger 44 which has input and output ports 45 and 46 for the introduction and evacuation of cooling fluid.
  • the control lines 41 and 42 are further directed along alternately disposed relief valves 47 and proceed to a spring-centered, four-way valve 48.
  • the control line 41 if the mode of operation will so allow, passes through the four way valve 48 to a terminus 49 between the oscillation cylinders 16. From the terminus 49 the control line is directed by means of connecting lines 50 and 51 to each oscillation cylinder.
  • control line 42 is carried to a terminus 52 where it is directed to both oscillation cylinders 16 by means of connecting lines 53 and 54.
  • Lines 55 shown connected between the terminuses 49 and 52 and the oscillation cylinders 16 are evacuation lines.
  • a manual pilotvalve 57 is provided in the system for manual start-up and halt of the oscillation system.
  • the manual pilot valve 57 receives a pilot pressure, via pilot pressure line 58, which it either will or will not communicate to four-Way valve 48.
  • Manual pilot valve 57 is a two position valve. It directs pilot pressure to one end of a spool of the four-way valve 48 to start the oscillation of the cutter arms 4, or it directs the hydraulic fluid from port X of four-way valve 48 to reservoir 28 to stop oscillation. When pressure is applied to port X of four-way valve 43 the spool thereof will shift, and when pressure is removed the spool will center itself.
  • Line 74 to port Y directs leakage back to reservoir tank 28 from the opposite end of the spool in valve 48.
  • Manual pilot valve 57 provides for a remote control of four-way valve 48, and valve 48 directs the large volume of hydraulic fluid to the cylinders 16 or provides a closed loop, P to T, when the dual pump 32 is idling, without restrictions to its-flow, and locks cylinders 16 in position.
  • FIGURE 6 an electric motor 62 which drives a constant volume pump 63 direct coupled.
  • Vane pump 65 and a water pump 75 is driven by a chain drive 64 from means, such as a sprocket mounted on the motor coupling and driven in common with the constant volume pump 63.
  • the outlet of the vane pump is passed through a filter 67 and connects with supercharging line 39.
  • a vane section line 68 proceeds from the check valve 69 through another check valve 70 to reservoir 28.
  • Element 76 is an oil bucket or drum, and has coupled thereto a two-way manual valve 77.
  • the vane pump 65 can pump hydraulic fluid to the system from reservoir tank 28, and when manual valve 77 is shifted, the reservoir tank 28 can be filled from the oil drum 76 by vane pump 65.
  • Oil passes through filter 6'7 and check valves 69 and 70 to tank 28. Water is directed from the water pump 75 to heat exchanger 44 and on to water sprays located at various points of the cutter boom frame 8 (such sprays not being shown
  • the hydraulic arrangement for the oscillation is a closed system consisting of two hydraulic cylinders 16, two relief valves 47, a pilot control valve 25, a dual pump 32 having a constant volume section 34 and a variable volume piston pump section 32 with a bias cylinder 30 and a control cylinder 31 disposed across the latter section, a four-way valve 48, heat exchanger 44, and manual pilot valve 57.
  • a 50 HP, at 1200 r.p.m., electric motor 35 drives the two pumps 32 and 37 through a gear train 36.
  • Variable volume piston pump 37, a servo-controlled pump is of a type, such as Vickers Model No. MPVB29RSG10 D-lO-048, which supplies 29.3 g.p.m. of hydraulic fluid at 1800 r.p.m. This is used to power the tram motors and all hydraulic cylinders of the miner, excepting the oscillation cylinders 16.
  • Pump 32 is of a type such as Vickers Model No. M- PVB29RDE-10WA10098 which is a dual pump. It comprises a variable volume section 33 which supplies 29.3 gpm. at 1800 r.p.m., to operate the hydraulic cylinders 16, and a fixed vane section 34 which produces 4.75 g.p.m., at 1800 r.p.m. to operate the bias cylinder 30 and control cylinder 31 which two cylinders control the variable volume section 33.
  • Two check valves 40 permit make-up or supercharging fluid to be applied to the closed circuit by way of supercharging line 39.
  • Relief valves 59 and 60 provide 350 p.s.i. from the fixed vane section 34 to an internal control circuit of the variable volume section 33.
  • This internal control circuit supplies hydraulic power to the two opposed cylinders, the bias cylinder 30, having a 1 diameter, and a control cylinder 31, having a 1 /2" diameter.
  • the two cylinders are fastened to a camming yoke in the variable volume section 33 so as to change the position of the camming yoke.
  • oscillation control line 41 With the camming yoke of variable volume section 33 in one position, high-volume hydraulic fluid pressure is directed toward cylinders 16 through oscillation control line 41; with the camming yoke in the alternate position, oscillation control line 42 communicates the pressurized fluid.
  • the control cylinder 31, having more area than the bias cylinder 30, easily overcomes the bias cylinder and moves the camming yoke of the variable volume pump 33 overcenter.
  • the Vickers pump (of Vickers Incorporated, Division of Sperry Rand Corporation, Troy, Mich. 48084) used in the preferred embodiment of the invention is a packaged assembly.
  • the whole unit contains the two pump sections 33 and 34, the two cylinders and 31, the two relief valves 59 and 60, and the check valves 40.
  • Other embodiments, which employ the same kinds of components in an arrangement as disclosed, can be constructed without departing from the spirit of my invention.
  • the two main lines, oscillation control lines 41 and 42, proceeding from the variable volume pump 33 incorporate a common heat exchanger 44 for cooling the oil and oppositely disposed relief valves 47 are set to relieve at 3000 p.s.i. In the event that the cutter arms 3 are stalled, fluid will relieve to the suction side of the pump through one or the other of valves 47.
  • a spring centered, pilot operated four-way valve 48 is actuated by manual pilot valve 57 to start or stop the cutter arms oscillation.
  • the manual pilot valve 57 is pushed in (contrary to the position shown in FIGURE 5)
  • the four-way valve 48 is in a neutral position.
  • the cutter arms 3 will not oscillate and the pilot pressure line 58 is diverted to port 2 of pilot valve 57 which is blocked preventing loss of control pressure.
  • Pilot port X of four-way valve 48 is vented to tank 28, allowing the spring centered 4-way valve 48 to center its spool, and forming a closed loop for the variable volume section 32.
  • fluid is locked in the oscillation cylinders 16, thereby preventing the cutter arms from moving from side to side if they are bumped.
  • pilot valve 57 is pulled out (the position as shown in FIG. 5)
  • the spool of the four-way valve 48 is shifted, and pressure is diverted to one side of oscillation cylinders 16. This begins the stroking action of the
  • the vane section 34 of the dual pump 32 provides pilot pressure to actuate the four-way valve 48 and also a servocontrol of the variable volume pump 37 which meters fluid to tram motors as well as all other hydraulic cylinders on the miner.
  • a 5 p.s.i. check valve 61 prevents siphoning of the pilot pressure line 58 between the two pumps 37 and 32.
  • a 50 HP 1200 r.p.m. electric motor 62 drives a 43 g.p.m. volume piston pump 63 and, through a chain drive 64, a 12 g.p.m. vane pump 65 and a water pump 75.
  • the outlet 66 of the constant volume pump 63 is directed (by valving not shown) to conveyor drive circuits or to the variable volume pump 37 to increase the tramming speed of the miner. It also provides, as a safety, an alternate means of tramming the miner in the event that the variable volume pump 37 is disabled.
  • the 12 g.p.m. vane pump 65 resupplies the reservoir tank 28. It is used to pump 10 micron filtered hydraulic fluid through a filter 67 into the reservoir tank 28. It supplies the fluid to the suction line 78 of the vane section 34 of the dual pump 32 by way of line 68 and supercharges the oscillation circuit, through line 39, at 50 p.s.i. thereby replacing any fluid lost through leakage.
  • the 50 p.s.i. supercharge pressure is maintained by a check valve 69.
  • the outlet side of this check valve is connected to a 5 p.s.i. check valve 70 be fore returning to the reservoir tank 28.
  • an electric motor 71 is shown fixed within a section of a cutter arm 3.
  • the motor 71 is coupled to the cutter discs 4 by means of a gear train and shaft coupling 72. It is this provisioning of the motor 71 that facilitates a reduction in the height dimension of the miner. Further, this arrangement obviates any necessity for the complex and mechanically limited universal coupling of rotation motors practiced in the prior art. Thus, this miner construction taught by my disclosure achieves a low profile and can realize a vertical displacement of the cutting arms unlimited by rotation motor coupling.
  • FIGURE 7 in the diagrams presented thereon, will serve to elucidate the inventive novelty of the hydraulically-controlled oscillation of the cutting arms.
  • the heavy line in angular-serpentine disposition represents the amplitude of pressure to which the control cylinder 31 is exposed.
  • the control cylinder has pressure addressed thereto, by way of hydraulic line 29 (FIG. 4), which constantly cycles. The pressure diminishes, from a maximum, to zero, maintains zero pressure, and then increases to maximum again.
  • the bias cylinder 30 is effectively displaced or released, as a consequence of the action of the control cylinder 31, as depicted by the light, linear dashed line.
  • the bias cylinder 30, constantly under pressure by way of hydraulic line 26 (FIG.
  • a mining machine comprising:
  • variable-volume, hydraulic fluid providing means includes a hydraulic pump having a plurality of output means, and each output means of said plurality discharges increasing and diminishing flows of hydraulic fluid to said hydraulic-actuated means which cause said arms to oscillate across an arc, in increasing and diminishing rates of movement.
  • a mining machine according to claim 1, wherein:
  • said second means comprise drive means mounted wholly Within said arms.
  • said pump further has camming means displaceable between first and second dispositions to provide said flows of said hydraulic fluid in a given direction, and in a direction contrary to said given direction, by way of said output means, to said hydraulic-actuated means;
  • hydraulic-actuated means includes means connected to, and operative of, said counterbiasing means.
  • said hydraulic-actuated means comprises means which causes displacement of said arms, in the oscillation thereof, in a movement cycle comprising a first movement of gradually decreasing momentum, a second movement of increasing momentum, and a third movement of a given momentum.
  • said displacement causing means includes means effective, in said first movement, to displace said arms in a given direction, and efiective, in said second and third movements, to displace said arms in an opposite direction.
  • said hydraulic-actuated means comprises means which causes displacement of said arms, in the oscillation thereof, in a movement cycle comprising a first movement of gradually increasing momentum, a second movement of a given momentum, and a third movement of diminishing momentum.
  • said displacement causing means includes means effective, in said first, second, and third movements, to displace said arms in a given direction.
  • said hydraulic actuated means include control means for selectively commencing and ceasing oscillation of said arms.
  • a mining machine according to claim 8, wherein:
  • control means include means for restraining said arms against said movement.
  • a mining machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
  • linkage means intercoupling the arms of said plurality with said crank means.
  • crank means comprises first and second cranks, at least one of said cranks being disposed on one side of said chassis;
  • said first and second cranks being unitized to rotate in common about said trunnion;
  • a mining machine comprising a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, said cylinders having reciprocable pistons carried therein, and hydraulic fluid ports formed therein for the communication of said hydraulic fluid therewith for causing reciprocation of said pistons; wherein said hydraulic-actuated means further comprise means for communicating said hydraulic fluid with said ports, and means for controlling the fluid communication therewith; said controlling means having a first constantly-biased mode of operation and a second variably-powered mode of operation, and including pilot means operable for changing the operation thereof between said first and second modes; and wherein said crank means include means operative of said pilot means to change said controlling means from said first to said second mode of operation. 13.
  • a mining machine wheresaid fluid providing means provides hydraulic fluid having a given direction and provides hydraulic fluid having a direction contrary to said given direction; said hydraulic-actuated means couples said fluid providing means with said communicating means via a plurality of coupling channels; and said fluid providing means and said communicating means cooperate to communicate said hydraulic fluid having said given direction with said cylinders, by way of one channel of said plurality, and said hydraulic fluid having said contrary direction with said cylinders, by way of another channel of said plurality. 14.
  • a mining machine comprising: a chassis; a plurality of arms coupled to said chassis and extending forwardly thereof; cutting elements rotatably mounted in the forward ends of said arms; means carried by said chassis for raising and lowering said arms; means carried by said arms for rotating said cutting elements; means providing a supply of hydraulic fluid; means hydraulically-actuated, and coupled to said arms,
  • control means comprising means for progressively increasing said communicating fluid to a given, pressured volume, means for progressively decreasing said communicating fluid from said given, pressured volume, and means for reversing communication direction of said fluid, automatically in synchronism with said oscillation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
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US637707A 1967-05-11 1967-05-11 Mining machine having oscillating cutting arms Expired - Lifetime US3460868A (en)

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DE (1) DE1758314A1 (en0)
FR (1) FR1564325A (en0)
GB (1) GB1194977A (en0)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192551A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-03-11 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Remote control system for mining machines

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2979319A (en) * 1958-08-07 1961-04-11 Goodman Mfg Co Mechanical miner having offset rotary heads
US3302974A (en) * 1966-02-18 1967-02-07 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Ripper type mining machine having oppositely moving oscillating ripper heads
US3333895A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-08-01 Joy Mfg Co Mining machine having synchronized oscillating cutter heads
US3333894A (en) * 1964-09-28 1967-08-01 Joy Mfg Co Mining machine having cutter arms oscillated in opposite directions and in phase
US3353871A (en) * 1964-08-05 1967-11-21 Lee Norse Co Continuous mining machine with oscillating rotary cutter heads

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2979319A (en) * 1958-08-07 1961-04-11 Goodman Mfg Co Mechanical miner having offset rotary heads
US3353871A (en) * 1964-08-05 1967-11-21 Lee Norse Co Continuous mining machine with oscillating rotary cutter heads
US3333895A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-08-01 Joy Mfg Co Mining machine having synchronized oscillating cutter heads
US3333894A (en) * 1964-09-28 1967-08-01 Joy Mfg Co Mining machine having cutter arms oscillated in opposite directions and in phase
US3302974A (en) * 1966-02-18 1967-02-07 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Ripper type mining machine having oppositely moving oscillating ripper heads

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192551A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-03-11 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Remote control system for mining machines

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FR1564325A (en0) 1969-04-18
BE715014A (en0) 1968-09-30
DE1758314A1 (de) 1971-01-07
GB1194977A (en) 1970-06-17

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