US3455239A - Method and article for printing and engraving - Google Patents

Method and article for printing and engraving Download PDF

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Publication number
US3455239A
US3455239A US546996A US3455239DA US3455239A US 3455239 A US3455239 A US 3455239A US 546996 A US546996 A US 546996A US 3455239D A US3455239D A US 3455239DA US 3455239 A US3455239 A US 3455239A
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Prior art keywords
projections
plate
printing
blank
energized
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US546996A
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James E Smith
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RTX Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/02—Engraving; Heads therefor
    • B41C1/04—Engraving; Heads therefor using heads controlled by an electric information signal
    • B41C1/05—Heat-generating engraving heads, e.g. laser beam, electron beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F5/00—Screening processes; Screens therefor

Definitions

  • An electron beam is swept across the surface of the blank printing plate having a plurality of uniformly shaped projections to selectively remove the projections and leave printing intelligence on the blank.
  • the projections are adequately small and so densely packed that the projections can impart high resolution, half-tone characteristics to the blank.
  • a printing plate made from the blank plate can print both text material and pictorial material in greytones. Widely separated, individual projections may be preserved at otherwise void areas of the plates to support the printed page during the printing process.
  • This invention relates to a plate for printing and the method for producing it. More specifically it relates to a plate for halftone printing with high quality resolution.
  • the high resolution capabilities of energized beams such as lasers and including charged particle beams such as electron or ion beams can be as small as one micron or less and have demonstrated their utility in various l United States Patent elds such as microscopy, microchemistry, and precision cutting or welding of a variety of materials.
  • the demonstrated capabilities of the energized beam in achieving extremely high lpower densities would ordinarily lead one to assume that vit can be used with convenience in a high speed engraving system which could produce a printing plate having a closely packed dot array by utilizing the beam as a cutter or evaporator.
  • there are a number of problems associated with using an energized beam for these purposes which to date have inhibited the application thereof to the manufacturing of printing plates.
  • 2,107,294 discloses any intaglio printing plate having cells with narrow walls and wherein the material in the cells responds chemically differently to an etch bath compared to the Walls which are substantially impervious to the bath.
  • the use of an energized beam to cut printing plates and write thereon as disclosed in the prior art is generally slow in comparison with chemical methods of producing a printing plate. This is due to the fact that a large amount of material must be removed within a very short time by the energized beam.
  • the chemical etching art which is a large-area material removal process as in contrast with the energized beam point-by-point removal process, has been applied in the production of printing plates for many years.
  • extremely high power densities for instance 109 watts per square inch can be achieved with energized beams
  • the point-to-point approach of the energized beam cutting methods poses some real and practical problems when one tries to achieve high plate making speeds comparable with the chemical etching art.
  • thermal diffusion through the vapor created as Well as the radiant heat transfer persist to such an extent that the periphery of the hole continues to heat up due to the presence of the beam. But being in direct line of impingement, the bottom of the hole continues-to vaporize so long as the beam is applied or until a hole is drilled through the workpiece.
  • the size, shape, as well as the depth of the hole, which are very important factors for printing, created in this manner are dependent upon a number of interrelated factors.
  • the amount of energy required to vaporize the volume of material to be removed consists not only of the amount of heat needed to take care of the heat of vaporization of the material, but also the amount required to raise that volume of material to its boiling point and to replenish any heat which is lost to the surrounding material during the time it takes to vaporize the given volume.
  • the drilling of various materials can be accomplished in a short enough time period to minimize the heat loss to the surrounding material.
  • the dwell time of the beam over a given portion of the workpiece can be sufliciently short to minimize such side losses.
  • the cutting or engraving of thin-sheet materials thus can be done fairly rapidly.
  • the cumulative dwell time of the beam over any particular spot of the workpiece becomes appreciable.
  • the beam ON time must be appreciably longer in order to supply the higher total heat required for vaporization of the larger volume of material which is to be vaporized. In such instances, thermal conductive influences can cause appreciable heat losses to the surrounding areas.
  • FIGURE 15 What usually results in most materials and is specifically more pronounced in some others, is a hole the edges of which are irregular and the shape of which is difficult to control as is illustrated in FIGURE 15.
  • the raggedness can be smoothed, for example, where one goes to a smaller spot diameter and sweeps the hole circumference with the beam and thus averages the irregularities.
  • Another possibility is to repeatedly pulse the beam over the same spot using short enough beam ON times and long enough OFF times to minimize thermal conductivity influences.
  • a third possibility would be to increase the beam power density to a sufficiently high level that one very short burst of power is all that is needed to drill the hole. But as previously mentioned, the latter would be an expensive approach and the former increases the time required to make a printing plate with an energized beam.
  • the dwell time required to remove any appreciable amount of material is suiicient ly high to cause an undesirable spread of energy from the beam into the surrounding material. Since there are no barriers to quench this spread of thermal energy deposited by the energized beam, increased beam power to reduce dwell time of the energized beam is required to compensate for these losses.
  • Energized beams such as electron or ion beam devices and lasers are inherently high resolution tools. Resolutions on the order of one micron have been achieved to date with such beams and better resolutions are theoretically possible. If it is possible to utilize such high resolution tools and at the same time avoid the practical diiculties as described heretofore, a substantial contribution to the printing art can be made.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a blank plate for engraving and with a plurality of isolated projections.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 show a method of making a printing plate from a blank plate as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURES 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 show an alternate method for producing a printing plate from a blank plate of the type shown in FIGURE l. n
  • FIGURES 9 and 10 show the preparations involved 1n producing a blank plate having a plurality of cavities lled with a second material.
  • FIGURES 11 and 12 show the method of producing intelligence on a blank plate of FIGURE by means of an energized beam.
  • FIGURE 13 shows the thermal energy spread from an energized beam during an engraving operation.
  • FIGURE 14 shows the typical thermal gradients encountered in the workpiece at the start of the engraving c cle.
  • yFIGURE l5 shows the ragged appearance of a cavity cut with an energized beam.
  • FIGURE 16 shows the breakover between adjacent cavities cut with an energized beam.
  • FIGURE 17 shows the poor edge definition of a cavity cut with an energized beam.
  • FIGURE 18 shows an enlarged perspective view of a relief letter engraved on a blank plate.
  • blank plate refers to the fact that there is an absence of intelligence on the plate initially and that said intelligence must then be added to the plate for it to become an actual printing plate.
  • FIGURE l shows a blank plate having a plurality of projections 10 each of which is isolated from its adjacent projections by a groove typically presented at 12.
  • Such a blank plate 14 may be manufactured from a smooth metallic plate made of copper, zinc, aluminum, magnesium or nickel and may be of any desirable thickness, but preferably with sucient bulk to be capable of absorbing and conducting away the thermal loads occurring during the evaporation of the projections with an energized beam.
  • the top surface of the smooth metallic plate must be fairly flat so that the projections 10 will have their top surfaces lying in a common plane. However, where variations in the surface of the plate exist after the formation of the projections 10, a further process for smoothing and flattening the projections into a common plane could easily be carried out by conventional machining or standing processes.
  • the top surfaces of the projections 10 must be equidistant from the base material from which they arise.
  • the tops of the projections must lie on a surface substantially concentric with the cylinder.
  • the blank plate of FIGURE 1 may be made by an energized beam which has sufcient power and the diameter of which is sufficiently small so that the grooves 12 may be cut into the base material 16. By carefully controlling the relative movement of the plate 14 with respect to the beam and with transverse cuts, isolated projections 10 are produced on the plate 14. Common chemical removal processes may, of course, also be employed to produce the blank plate 14.
  • An energized beam capable of cutting plate 14 could, for example, be a beam of charged particles as described in the patent to Steigerwald, No. 2,793,281.
  • the power density of the electron beam is adjusted so high that it evaporates a small layer of the material on which it impinges.
  • a well-defined hole may be made in the workpiece material.
  • Displacing the workpiece relative to the beam then produces the grooves in the blank plate of FIGURE 1. It is, of course, possible to make projections 10 in the blank plate' v14 having different shapes such as circular or oval or other shapes by the proper control of the plate relative to the beam.
  • the grooves 12 can be arranged in different ways so that a triangular pattern of projections 10 are formed. It should be realized, of course, that the time involved in producing the blank plate 14 with an energized beam will be substantial, depending primarily upon the type of material and volume to be cut. However, the process for making the blank plates takes place off line so that the on line time of establishing intelligence on the blank plate is not affected. A multitude of these plates can be prepared beforehand and stocked until needed.
  • the density of the projections in FIGURE 1 is so high that a sufficient number of individual imprints of dots can be made across the width of a typical character in a common text to permit the halftone printing thereof with high resolution.
  • the projections on the blank plate of FIGURE 1 have a much liner resolution so that even small text characters such as 12 points or less may be printed in halftone.
  • the top surface areas of the projections that will be used to carry ink should -be no less than 16x106 square inches and normally are 1 to 9 l06 square inches with groove widths approximately from to 10X10"4 inches. Exact sizes and spacings depend upon the type of paper and ink used during printing, and consequently, all text material may be produced in halftone on the plate with significant resolutions.
  • the beam 20 is generated with a device as shown in Patent No. 2,793,281 and directed at the blank plate 22.
  • the power and the power density of the beam 20 are arn justed together with the focus of the beam at the plate so that individual projections may be removed by the beam.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the beam 20 evaporating the projection 24, and projections such as 23 have already been evap orated.
  • the control of the movement of the beam 20 relative to the blank plate 22 and its intensity will cause preselected projections to be evaporated.
  • a final configuration such as the letter T in FIGURE 3 is made wherein the T is produced in relief and consists of minute dis-1 crete projections.
  • the beam spot size may be as small :as one micron in diameter, but generally will be adjusted to a size corn-s mensurate with the size of a projection. With such a beam size, one projection may be evaporated without affecting adjacent ones. Generally the dots of the blank are also chosen to have surface areas commensurate with normal beam spot size and acceptable printing speeds.
  • the plate 22 is made of sufficient bulk and of a good thermal conducting material so that the heat lost to the lplate during the removal of any one projection will not affect adjacent projections.
  • the projections are effectively thermally isolated from one another.
  • the height of the projections and their cross-sectional areas are optimized keeping in mind the type of material, the desired printing speed and the method of printing.
  • an energized beam such an an electron beam
  • its power, power density, spot size and intensity are preferably controlled to allow removal of a projection 'with a single pass.
  • FIGURES 4 through 8 show an alternate method inn volving a chemical removal process for using a blank plate of FIGURE l.
  • the optimum height and cross-sectional dimensions of the projections now are determined by other considerations than when an energized beam issued. There are unique advantages also in the chemical removal of the projections.
  • the blank plate 14 in FIGURE 4 is rst covered with a chemical resist material 30.
  • Material 30 may be, for instance, a lacquer, acid-resist or a standard photoresist material such as KPR which becomes insoluble to a rinse after exposure to either light passing through a photographic 32 or exposure by an energized beam which is modulated as it passes over the material.
  • the material 30 will cover all of the projections as well as the grooves and form a smooth layer across the whole of the plate 14.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the cross-sectional View.
  • the unexposed section 36 is rinsed away in a bath to which the exposed T is not affected.
  • the underlying projections of section 36 being stripped of their protec tive coating, may then be chemically removed by insertion in a strong etching bath.
  • the final cross-sectional view after etching is shown in FIGURE 7. Note that the material 38 protected the projections completely with but minor inconsequential undercutting occurring adjacent to the foot of projections 40 and 42.
  • the coating material 30 need not be a photosensitive one when a high power density beam such as an ion, electron, or laser beam is used to expose the plate.
  • the material 30 need only be resistive to the etchant to be used in subsequent chemical removal process, with the high power density beam being used to selectively remove the coating over those projections which are to be chemically eliminated from the matrix plate.
  • the particular advantage of using a blank plate as in FIG- URE l in the chemical removal. process of FIGURES 4 through 8 is the substantial avoidance of undercutting problems.
  • the tops of the projections 40 and 42 are protected since the protective coating 38 extends down to the base material.
  • the need for paper supports on large etched areas may be served by leaving every seventh or eighth projection intact in these wide areas having less than 5 percent grey tone.
  • a photographic negative 32 to expose the plate, this may be accomplished by incorporating a background of dots of appropriate size and spacing in the negative.
  • the Ibeam may be so controlled as to be modulated periodically to an OFF state, thereby leaving a pattern of widely spaced unexposed projections in the background areas of the plate. Said modulations would be superimposed on the variable modulations carrying the intelligence to be imparted to the plate.
  • FIGURES 9', l0, ll and l2 Another method for providing a printing plate contain-1 ing isolated areas is illustrated in FIGURES 9', l0, ll and l2.
  • a blank plate is provided with a multitude of isolated cavities 62 which are separated from one anu other by land areas 64. These land areas are made up of the basic material from which the printing plate is made and provide a fence or barrier between the various cavities.
  • These cavities are iilled with a second material 66 that is different from the material from which the blank plate 60 is made up and has a lower melting point or a lower evaporating point.
  • a typical material that could be used for lilling the cavities 62 is a low melting plastic.
  • an energized beam 70 is applieduto the plate with such power and power densities that if can readilyl evaporate the material 66 within the cavities without melting or affecting the base material of the blank plate. Since the energized beam 70 has a small cross section, it is capable of evaporating the lower melting material in one cavity without affecting the material in adjacent cavities. Any heat imparted by the beam onto the blank plate 60 is readily carried away from the cavity to the base metal without upsetting the temperature in the adjacent cavities which are therefore eifec tively thermally isolated.
  • a blank plate provided with the low melting material contains a high density of cavities for the same purpose as the blank plate 14 in FIGURE 1.
  • an intaglio printing process can be applied whereby the ink is carried in the cavities and imparted to the printing paper according to standard printing processes.
  • the cavity depth, size, and other characteristics can be determined beforehand based upon the type of ink and paper to be printed with.
  • the plate can be made up from a very ne screen mesh having a smooth top surface so that all of the cavities have their entrances located in substantially the same plane.
  • the material 66 is applied to the printing surface of the blank plate and is substantially ush therewith.
  • a sandwich-type construction could also be used in this instance to provide a base plate for good heat sink qualities.
  • the lower layer of the sandwich could be removed after the cutting operation so as to leave a pattern of very small through-holes, in other words, a screen pat-I tern for screen-type printing.
  • the shape of the cavities need not be rectangular or that the cavities should be arranged in any particular recm tangular pattern.
  • a triangular array is the preferred geometry. In such an array any three adjacent projections would be equidistant from one another.
  • the triangular array is a welll-known geometry for high density packing and is described in moreJ detail in Slater, Introduction to Chemical Physics 415 (1st ed. 1939).
  • FIGURE 18 a letter t is shown made up from a plurality of projections arranged in a square array.
  • the letter t is greatly exaggerated to provide an indication of the perspective of a relief text character made according to this invention.
  • a printing plate blank comprising:
  • a blank plate provided with at least one surface working area for the placement thereon of intelligence
  • said projections being substantially alike in shape and height and being substantially uniformly distributed over said surface working area, the separation of the surface areas being no greater than 10 104 inches to impart high resolution halftone character istics to the blank plate.
  • each projection surface area is substantially at to accept ink thereon.
  • a printing plate blank comprising:
  • a blank plate made of a base material having good thermal conductivity and provided with at least one surface working area for the placement thereon of intelligence
  • said surface working area being covered with a plurality of separate projections each having a, minute surface area at the top of the projections,
  • the minute surface area of the projections being substantially at, substantially equidistant from said base material, and beingv less than 16x10-6 square inches, and
  • the spacing between the surface areas being no greater than 10X 104 inches to impart high resolution halftone characteristics to the blank plate.
  • a master halftone printing plate with supports for the material to be printed on comprising:
  • said printing. surface being provided with relief text material and blank spaces
  • said text material including a plurality of minute, separate projections, having a top surface area less than 16 l06 square inches separated by no ,more than 10X 10-4 inches, and
  • said blank spaces including minute separate widely spaced projections to support the material.
  • a master printing plate for printing on paper or other thin materials comprising:
  • a single printing plate having a printing surface entirely covered with a plurality of minute projections each having a height no greater than .005 inch a-nd a surface area on top less than 16x10-6 square inches,
  • the area density of the projections varied to form rem lief printings, the separation between projections being no greater than X104 inches in 100% greyn tone regions of the printings, and
  • a method for making a printing plate comprising generating an energized beam
  • a method for making a printing plate comprising:

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US546996A 1966-05-02 1966-05-02 Method and article for printing and engraving Expired - Lifetime US3455239A (en)

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Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3549733A (en) * 1968-12-04 1970-12-22 Du Pont Method of producing polymeric printing plates
US3589289A (en) * 1966-12-22 1971-06-29 Burroughs Corp Printing members and methods for graphic composition
US3696742A (en) * 1969-10-06 1972-10-10 Monsanto Res Corp Method of making a stencil for screen-printing using a laser beam
US3703143A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-11-21 Bell & Howell Co Thermal transfer sheet and method of thermally transferring images
US3720784A (en) * 1971-02-12 1973-03-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Recording and display method and apparatus
US3770936A (en) * 1968-11-29 1973-11-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for sculpturing an indicia or decorative design in the surface of an article with a beam of corpuscular energy
USRE28375E (en) * 1971-02-12 1975-03-25 Recording and display method and apparatus
US3971316A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-07-27 Xerox Corporation Process for smoothing waterless lithographic masters
US3985953A (en) * 1974-03-20 1976-10-12 Crosfield Electronics Limited Gravure printing methods and apparatus with rotary shutter
US4005654A (en) * 1971-12-14 1977-02-01 Xerox Corporation Process for shallow relief printing
US4023971A (en) * 1974-11-21 1977-05-17 Vested Harry S Film and method for forming intaglio printing plates
US4028523A (en) * 1974-12-10 1977-06-07 Steigerwald Strahltechnik Gmbh Energy-beam engraving method and an apparatus for carrying it out
US4037075A (en) * 1974-05-16 1977-07-19 Crosfield Electronics Limited Image reproduction systems
US4081655A (en) * 1975-08-22 1978-03-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of deburring intersecting drilled holes
US4115123A (en) * 1976-06-14 1978-09-19 Napp Systems (Usa), Inc. Shallow relief photopolymer printing plate and methods
US4139409A (en) * 1976-11-29 1979-02-13 Macken John A Laser engraved metal relief process
WO1979000434A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-12 Napp Systems Inc Shallow relief non-bottoming photopolymer printing plate
US4181077A (en) * 1974-03-01 1980-01-01 Crosfield Exectronics Limited Preparation of printing surfaces
US4289071A (en) * 1977-12-23 1981-09-15 Napp Systems (Usa), Inc. Shallow relief non-bottoming photopolymer printing plate
US4359525A (en) * 1981-11-23 1982-11-16 Polaroid Corporation Method of preparing a photosensitive silver halide element
US4362806A (en) * 1979-02-02 1982-12-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging with nonplanar support elements
EP0101266A3 (en) * 1982-08-09 1985-04-03 Milliken Research Corporation Printing method and apparatus
US4528909A (en) * 1982-03-15 1985-07-16 Crosfeld Electronics Limited Printing members
US4807218A (en) * 1985-02-11 1989-02-21 Gerber Arthur M System for recording digital information using a regular array of discrete micromirrors
US4811331A (en) * 1985-02-11 1989-03-07 Gerber Arthur M Medium for recording digital information using an array of equally spaced micromirrors
US4811326A (en) * 1985-02-11 1989-03-07 Gerber Arthur M Method of recording digital information on an array of equally spaced micromirrors
US4855984A (en) * 1985-02-11 1989-08-08 Gerber Arthur M Method of making and pretesting a digital recording medium
US4944826A (en) * 1987-08-17 1990-07-31 Zed Instruments Ltd. Method and apparatus for preparing a screen printing screen
US5154121A (en) * 1988-11-09 1992-10-13 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag System and method to apply a printing image on a printing machine cylinder having ink accepting receptors or cells, in accordance with electronically furnished image information
EP0730953A3 (de) * 1995-02-07 1997-05-21 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren und Vorrichtung für den Tiefdruck
US6092465A (en) * 1998-03-03 2000-07-25 United Container Machinery, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing erasable relief images
US6530317B2 (en) 2000-12-05 2003-03-11 Creo Srl Method to engrave surface using particle beam
US6631676B2 (en) 1995-02-07 2003-10-14 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Process and apparatus for gravure
US20110036033A1 (en) * 2003-01-17 2011-02-17 Karine Luetgert Door skin, a method of etching a plate for forming a wood grain pattern in the door skin, and an etched plate formed therefrom
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same
US8950139B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2015-02-10 Masonite Corporation Door skin, a method of etching a plate, and an etched plate formed therefrom

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US384586A (en) * 1888-06-12 William c
US1459669A (en) * 1919-11-19 1923-06-19 Frederick H Berold Printing plate and method of making the same
US2234997A (en) * 1939-03-08 1941-03-18 Francisco G Yanes Direct photomechanical reproduction
GB866070A (en) * 1956-03-19 1961-04-26 Kemitype Ltd Improvements in or relating to printing elements

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US384586A (en) * 1888-06-12 William c
US1459669A (en) * 1919-11-19 1923-06-19 Frederick H Berold Printing plate and method of making the same
US2234997A (en) * 1939-03-08 1941-03-18 Francisco G Yanes Direct photomechanical reproduction
GB866070A (en) * 1956-03-19 1961-04-26 Kemitype Ltd Improvements in or relating to printing elements

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589289A (en) * 1966-12-22 1971-06-29 Burroughs Corp Printing members and methods for graphic composition
US3770936A (en) * 1968-11-29 1973-11-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for sculpturing an indicia or decorative design in the surface of an article with a beam of corpuscular energy
US3549733A (en) * 1968-12-04 1970-12-22 Du Pont Method of producing polymeric printing plates
US3696742A (en) * 1969-10-06 1972-10-10 Monsanto Res Corp Method of making a stencil for screen-printing using a laser beam
US3703143A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-11-21 Bell & Howell Co Thermal transfer sheet and method of thermally transferring images
US3720784A (en) * 1971-02-12 1973-03-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Recording and display method and apparatus
USRE28375E (en) * 1971-02-12 1975-03-25 Recording and display method and apparatus
US4005654A (en) * 1971-12-14 1977-02-01 Xerox Corporation Process for shallow relief printing
US4181077A (en) * 1974-03-01 1980-01-01 Crosfield Exectronics Limited Preparation of printing surfaces
US3985953A (en) * 1974-03-20 1976-10-12 Crosfield Electronics Limited Gravure printing methods and apparatus with rotary shutter
US4037075A (en) * 1974-05-16 1977-07-19 Crosfield Electronics Limited Image reproduction systems
US3971316A (en) * 1974-05-28 1976-07-27 Xerox Corporation Process for smoothing waterless lithographic masters
US4023971A (en) * 1974-11-21 1977-05-17 Vested Harry S Film and method for forming intaglio printing plates
US4028523A (en) * 1974-12-10 1977-06-07 Steigerwald Strahltechnik Gmbh Energy-beam engraving method and an apparatus for carrying it out
US4081655A (en) * 1975-08-22 1978-03-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of deburring intersecting drilled holes
US4115123A (en) * 1976-06-14 1978-09-19 Napp Systems (Usa), Inc. Shallow relief photopolymer printing plate and methods
US4139409A (en) * 1976-11-29 1979-02-13 Macken John A Laser engraved metal relief process
WO1979000434A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-12 Napp Systems Inc Shallow relief non-bottoming photopolymer printing plate
US4289071A (en) * 1977-12-23 1981-09-15 Napp Systems (Usa), Inc. Shallow relief non-bottoming photopolymer printing plate
US4362806A (en) * 1979-02-02 1982-12-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging with nonplanar support elements
US4359525A (en) * 1981-11-23 1982-11-16 Polaroid Corporation Method of preparing a photosensitive silver halide element
US4528909A (en) * 1982-03-15 1985-07-16 Crosfeld Electronics Limited Printing members
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6705818A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-11-03
BE697742A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-10-30
BE697744A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-10-30
NL6705815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-11-03
BE697746A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-10-30
NL6705819A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-11-03
BE697743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-10-30
NL6705817A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-11-03
BE697745A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-10-30
NL6705816A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-11-03

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